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Show AMERICAN FORK CITIZEN 1 News Review of Current Events the World Over KING BORIS of Bulgaria has foiled another attempt to force him from his precarious throne. Upon discovery of an alleged Fascist Fas-cist plot he ordered that three prominent political leaders be arrested ar-rested and held in Jail. Their friends sought to free them by. storming the Jail but were repulsed. Those seized are Alexander 7.an-hoff, 7.an-hoff, leader of the Democratic entente; en-tente; Koziua Georgleff, head of the Macedonian party, and M. Natcheff. former police president of Sofia. Germany Enraged by Her Condemnation by League - Council Work Relief Program Going Forward For-ward Compromise Bonus Measure. By EDWARD W. PICKARD C, Western Newipipcr Union. . 1 i V I i it --" -h 1 , 1 5' i' ft 1 1 1 1' i , I.-.-t V 'A- Adolf Hitler GERMANY was thoroughly en raged by the action of the League of Nations council In adopt Ing the trl-power resolution con demnlng the relch for violating the treaty of Versailles by rearming, and It was expected Relchsfuerher Hitler Hit-ler would make a defiant retort. As a first step he sont from his Bavarian retreat Instructions to Secretary of State Von Bnelow to protest "Eng land's defection at Stress and Geneva." Ge-neva." This Von Buelow did, delivering de-livering the message to Ambassador Ambassa-dor Sir Erie Thlpps for transmission transmis-sion to London. The German press was loud In denunciation of the league action am. Lltvlnov, the Soviet So-viet delegate, came In for most of the abuse because he delivered the chief speech In support of the resolution reso-lution at the council session. Just recently Germany granted to Russia Rus-sia credits amounting to $80,000,-000. $80,000,-000. Poland also was assailed for "abandoning" Germany, but In Warsaw War-saw It was said by officials that Poland Po-land was still the friend of the relch. One newspaper there said quite truly that the complaint gainst Germany was "a formal matter because the discussion could not result In any actual solution of the problem, but only bring something some-thing like emotional relief." Strange as It may seem, the Jews In Germany are rarmly supporting Hitler in this controversy. The following fol-lowing message was sent to him: "The League of National German Jews stands unshaken in Its loyalty to the Fatherland, and hopes the government's defense policy will not be changed on account of the Geneva proceedings. H German resentment against Great Britain Is especially warm because she feels she was deceived In the recent negotiations. Consequently be thinks Britain's prestige as a mediator in continental affairs Is destroyed. During the council's discussion Tewfik Arras, the Turkish member, mem-ber, arose and stated flatly that If any changes In the existing treaties were made or tolerated, his country would claim the right to fortify the Dardanelles In violation of the treaty of Lausanne. He even hinted that the Turks might follow Hitler's Hit-ler's example and not wait for permission. per-mission. Sir John Simon's immediate immedi-ate and sharp reply was: "I feel sure my honorable colleague col-league will not expect me to say any more at thL stage than that I must naturally make all reservations reserva-tions regarding It" Laval of France and Baron Alolsl of Italy supported Simon in his rebuke re-buke of the Turkish revisionism. Laval carried back to Paris a draft of the mutual assistance pact with Russia for submission to the French cabinet Lltvlnov was stm Insistent that the two countries should enter Into a real military alliance, and It may be that he will carry his point In the opinion of many observers such a treaty would be declared invalid by the League f Nations. I '. V A - ( fas j Admiral Psoplas WHEN the administration's great work relief program gets under way one of the most important im-portant parts of It, the purchase of material supplies, will have to be started at once, and It Is expected that this will absorb ab-sorb about $1,700,-000.000 $1,700,-000.000 of the total mm. According to a a thorltatlve sources ln Wash-., lngton, this' part of the program will be supervised by Rear Admiral C. J. Peoples, procure ment officer In the treasury. Peoples entered the navy supply corps in 1000 as assistant paymaster and later developed the navy's present purchasing system. When Franklin D. Roosevelt was assistant secretary of the navy he and Peoples became Close friends. The. admiral presumably will save full charge of drartlng the regulations for material purchases but It Is understood the actual buying buy-ing of supplies for work relief projects proj-ects will In most Instances be handled han-dled by the states and other cooperating co-operating agencies. However, certain cer-tain commodities, like cement, that will be needed In Immense quantities, quanti-ties, probably will be purchased centrally. of grade crossing elimination, the building of arterial highways and similar projects. The work relief act earmarks $800,000,000 for such undertakings, and the sum may be Increased by the President to a bll lion. The roads bureau already has $100,000,000 of grade crossing eliminations elim-inations and other projects contracted con-tracted for under authority granted grant-ed by congress last year, officials revealed, re-vealed, and these contracts are to be met with work-relief money. Arthur W. Brandt president of the American Association of State Highway Officials, advised a congressional con-gressional committee recently that states were prepared to wipe out 4,058 dangerous crossings if as much as $-101,881,500 was made available. SEVEN agencies of the government govern-ment are organizing to combat the damage done by the constantly recurring dust storms. They are the AAA, farm credit administration, administra-tion, emergency relief administra tion, soil erosion service, bureau of plant industry and bureau of agricultural agri-cultural engineering. The efforts, officials said, will In clude shipping feed, food and water Into the atricken areas of Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Kansas and Colorado, starting work relief projects proj-ects on roads, private lands and the public domain, planting of fast-growing fast-growing and hardy crops as ground cover In areas where moisture conditions con-ditions permit and "listing" operations. opera-tions. This latter work Is an attempt at-tempt to prevent soli blowing away, by making alternate ridges and furrows. PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT called Senator Pat Harrison of Missis sippi to the White House for a conference con-ference concerning the veterans' bonus bill, which already has passed the bouse. Harrison Har-rison Is chairman of the senate finance committee and the administration looked to him to devise de-vise a way to spike the measure which Is so objectionable to the President in Its present "greenback" "green-back" form. Other majority leaders In congress also were busy with the problem, and the result was the introduction in-troduction in congress of a compromise com-promise btll which It was believed the President would accept If it were passed. This measure would make bonus certificates mature In 1938, instead of 19-15. They could be converted Immediately Into S pei cent bonds. Veterans who wanted cash right away could sell the bonds, losing only the interest they otherwise could obtain until 1938. Harrison said this would cost $500,000,000 more than the present bonus law, but far less than the Patman bill, passed by the house, to pay the bonus with $2,500,000,000 In new money. MIlo Warner, vice commander of the American Legion, said this bill was "absolutely not acceptable" to that organization. Heads of veterans' veter-ans' organizations and various oth ers were Invited to testify at com mittee hearings on the bllL mm X f 1 Senator Harrison SENATOR HUEY LONG called to- gether bis complaisant legislature legisla-ture In Baton Rouge and ordered It to pass some new laws that would give him complete control of city finances, elections and expenditures of federal relief funds. Secretary Ickes went right up In the air and announced that if the laws were enacted en-acted Louisiana would get none of the public works money; whereupon the KIngflsh told him he could go to the nether regions', sTiice" the PWA money had already been deposited to the account of the New Orleans sewer and water board. "The state court very properly recognizes our men as that board now, so bow Is Ickes going to get his money back?" Long asked. When he starts that, we'll show him what a smart man he ain't. If Ickes and the balance of the brain trust cabinet hold their breaths until un-til we send for them, there'll be several corpses and the country will be better off." TUST as soon as the President "ays the word, the federal bureau bu-reau of public roads and the various va-rious state highway departments arr ready to Jump into The work iriTHOUT any effort to break v Kpeed records, Capt. Kdwnrd A. Muslck and five companions landed the big Pan-American Airway Air-way clipper ship Pioneer In Hawaii IS hours and 31 minutes after they took off from Alameda, Calif. Thl was the first exploratory flight for a service that will soro he extend ed clear across the I'uclllc to Canton, Can-ton, the proposed Intermediate stops being Hawaii, Midwn Islands, Wake islands. Gunn. and the Philippines, Philip-pines, The operating bases are now In prctess of construction. TOIIN R. McCARL, the able, effl-clent effl-clent and Independent couip troller general of the United States, baa annoyed the New Dealers on several occasions. Now he threatens to block the plans of the AAA for lifting the restrictions restric-tions on spring wheat planting and at the same time continuing to pay the farmers for iSj I c 0 P reuuciions yf 1 that would not be canea ror. ueciur-McCarl ueciur-McCarl lug they wsl)e(1 to avoid shortages due to the dust storms, the officials of the AAA said the farmers would be paid for the abandoned reductions in acreage If they would promise to curtail their plantings next year. Mr. McCarl f v rV'i asked for further Information on this matter and Indicated be could not approve of the plan, though AAA men declared he had not ruled definitely against it Chester C. Davis, AAA administrator, might not be content to abide by such a ruling If It were made, and the ad ministration might refuse to ac cept It Mr. McCarl, a Republican, holds his office undor a law which specifies, speci-fies, that the comptroller general shall be appointed to a 15-year term and can be removed only by death or impeachment Nevertheless Attor ney General Cummlngs. It is under stood, gave It as bis opinion that. like any other Presidential ap pointee, lie could be removed at the pleasure of the President lie based this opinion on a ruling of the Su preme court in the case of s postmaster post-master wno was ousted by President Coolldge, the court" holding that the President was within his rights un der Article 2 of the Constitution. So It may be the New Dealers will seek to have Mr. McCarl ousted before be-fore his term expires In 1030, for It Is feared by them that he will nam per the expenditure of the $1,880,- 000,000 work relief appropriation to an extent that would greatly Irk the Democratic party leaders. It Is Interesting to read that the Nebraska Progressive league, made op of liberal Republicans, Is plan ning the organization of "MeCart for President" clubs In that state and afterward In all others. George W. Kline, its chairman, says he was asked to support McCarl for PresI dent In 1930 by friends of Senator George W. Norrls. The comptroller general Is a graduate of the University Uni-versity of Nebraska law school and for years was Mr. Norrls' secretary. By ELMO 8COTT WAT80N UNDAY, May 12, la Moth ers' day, an annual event which Is observed by Americans, not because be-cause of Presidential proclamation, legislative legisla-tive enactment nor church dictum. Rather It la because sentiment decrees that the second sec-ond Sunday In May of each year shall be the day upon which we honor the women wom-en who gave us birth. It Is not only an occasion for honoring the mothers moth-ers of today, but It is also a time to pay tribute to the mothers of the past the women who helped build this Republic. Among the first of these were the women of the Mayflower. When that storm-tossed ship dropped anchor an-chor off the "stern and roek-bonnd ALLEGED teaching of Communism Commu-nism In some of our universities and the adoption of that cult by a large number of half-baked young men and women In those Institu tions has long been debated and denounced de-nounced by patriotic citizens. Student Stu-dent strikes and small riots have been frequent and there have been many demands for the suppression of these reds and pinks. The latest big institution of learning to be brought Into the limelight In this matter Is the University of Chlcauo, whose faculty contains several decidedly de-cidedly radical instructors and Its student body many youthful followers follow-ers of Marx and Lenin. Because of charges made by a prominent drug store magnate the Illinois senate has Just adopted a resolution calling call-ing for a "thorough and complete Investigation" by a senatorial committee com-mittee of five to determine whether any foundation exists for charges that "subversive Communistic teach ings" are going on in "wholly or partly tax-exempt colleges and universities uni-versities of this state." The action of the senate followed within a few hours action by the house In passing almost unanimously unanimous-ly a bill to require an oath of al legiance and obedience to the state and federal constitutions from all teachers and professors. The legislature leg-islature ur other aat are. passing similar laws. OVER In Turkey the women, un til recently, were forced to lead lives of seclusion In the harem and to go veiled when In public. But all that Is changed. The other day the twelfth congress of the In-, ternatlonal Alliance of Women for Suffrage and Equal Citizenship opened In Istanbul with about thlr- j ty nations represented and Mrs. Corbett Ashby of England In the chair, and the women of Turkey, unveiled and In modish Kuroiean ! garb, were the proud hostesses of the hundreds of delegates. Among the questions discussed were: The situation Hnd rights of women; the position of women In the liberal professions; the political and civil rights of women: the menns women wom-en can use to prevent wnr. Under Kemal's rule the women oi the republic of Turkey have t i'en granted .parliamentary and eltj votes and have entered entlnHn tlc.'illy Into all brem-hes of life, civil, professional, lnduiri and ct.v--.rf 1 1, m ' coast" of New England, there were numbered In the company of Pil- -grlms 29 women, only 15 of whom were to survive the rigors of that first severe winter In the New world. Among these women were two mm ' ' ' - r Ctf Atlf m i rrt" -j i. untie: .11 1111,1 1 i.wviihu- w -rr. mJL - ' " I II J-'V" "Ss. L ' Pi I - : J i -"-T miT" i " 1 -Z?ZZ7, " young mothers Mary Hopkins, who carried In her arms little Oceanus Hopkins, born on the high seas, and Susanna White with ber little son. Peregrine White, who first saw the light of day In the harbor at Provlncetown, where the Mayflower May-flower bad stopped before going on to Plymouth. In the Plymouth of today stands the Pilgrim Memorial fountain, erected by the National Society So-ciety of the Daughters of the American Revolution Revo-lution as Its part of the Pilgrim Tercentenary ceieuration or 1020. The fountain consists of a massive square shaft supporting a lofty bowl from which water pours in continual streams into a pool below. On the side of the shaft facing the harbor Is the life-size figure of the Pilgrim Mother by C. P. Jenneweln, a New York sculptor. Dressed In Pilgrim garb, the figure expresses In face and attitude the faith, patience, strength, endurance and devotion of the founders of New England. On the opposite side of the shaft are engraved the names of the women passengers of the Mayflower and below them these words: "They brought up their families in sturdy virtue vir-tue and a living faith In God without which nations na-tions perish." At the time of the dedication of this fountain Mrs. George Maynard Miner, honorary president-general president-general of the D. A. K, paid this tribute to the Pilgrim mothers: "After daring the perils of the unknown land, after sharing with the men all the hardships and privations and Bufferings of a voyage of weeks In a cockle-shell of s boat and landing on a desolate and aavage coast in the dead of winter, Inhabited only by wild men and wild beasts, after experiences that might well overcome over-come the hardiest and most gallant nature, they settled down to the making of homes, with a faith In the dally presence and guidance of God which sustained them In every hour of need. Through hunger and starvation, through sickness sick-ness and death which exacted the toll of half their number, they tolled on snd endured, looking only toward the goal of their high calling In Christ Jesus. "We hear far more about the Pilgrim fathers than we do about the Pilgrim mothers. While in no way wishing to detract from the rightful glory, of the fathers, nevertheless, it is time that the world realized the part that these women played In civilization. It Is time that history took note of them. Rarely, if ever, are they mentioned by name, except In the genealogies, or by specialists In Pilgrim history. Tbetr names, with few exceptions, are not household words on our tongues, like those of Miles Standlsh, or William Bradford an4 the rest They figure only In the passenger list of the Mayflower and only as 'Mary or Katharine.' etc., wife of So and So. The family names of but few are given. The names of some are literally unknown, not even the baptismal name bung recorded. These latter figure solely as the wives of the fathers, without further Identification. "We may read the tragic list for ourselves. The wife of John Tilly who was she? By what name was the called In those terrific years of sorrow and suffering? The maidservant of the Carvers who was she? What faithfulness and courage must have been hers to follow her master mas-ter and mistress Into such an adventure. Yet her name Is lost and her Identity sunk In oblivion. ob-livion. We hnve inscribed on our fountain all the names that are known; we have cut them Into deathless stone, that all coming generations may rend and remember. And we have so Indicated the nameless that they may share In the immortality immor-tality of the rent. Unknown soldiers of a future tuition, we salute you." Worthy successors of these first pioneer moth- 1. The Pilgrim Memorial fountain at Plymouth, Mass. 2. Gold Star Mothers' memorial at the Illinois Centennial building In Springfield, lit 3. The Pioneer Mother memorial on the cam-pua cam-pua of the University of Oregon, Eugsne, Ore. 4. The Prairie Burial Bas-relief on the Pioneer Pio-neer Mother memorial, University of Oregon. 5. Westward by Covered Wagon Bas-relief en the Pioneer Mother memorial, Uni varsity of Oregon. era In America were the women of the later frontiers. They, too, have been honored with enduring en-during monuments and the D. A. R. has been prominent In setting up these memorials. It was this organization which sponsored the marking of the National Old Trails road from the Atlantic Atlan-tic to the Pacific with heroic statues of the women who followed that trail across the continent con-tinent The result was that 12 of these statues, designed by A. Lelmbach, a St Louis sculptor, and known as "The Madonna of the Trail," now stand in 12 of the cities on that road Beth-seda, Beth-seda, Md.; Washington, Pa.; Wheeling, W. Va.; Springfield, Ohio ; Richmond, Ind. ; Vandalia, I1L ; Lexington, Mo.; Council Grove, Kan.; Lamar, Colo. ; Albuquerque, N. M. ; Sprlngervllle, Arlx. ; and Upland, Calif. Besides these, statues of pioneer mothers also stand In Kansas City, Mo., Topeka, Kan, and Vancouver, Wash., and there Is another famous one near Ponca City, OkUt, the gift of the present governor of Oklahoma, E. W. Marland. On the campus of the University of Oregon at Eugene stands still another which Is unique. For "The Pioneer Mother" statue here Is very different from those of similar name mentioned above. They are action figures, carrying their babies or leading their children westward. The Oregon mother Is Whistler's famous painting translated Into stone. She sits In her chair In contemplative repose, a shawl draped lightly about her shoulders, one foot resting on a hassock, one hand holding an open book The Book. On the front of the stone base of the statue, Just below the title "The Pioneer Mother," Is engraved the single word "Pax," and In fulfillment of that word there appears on the back of the base this Inscription : "Others have perpetuated her struggles. I want to perpetuate the peace which followed her struggles. Others have perpetuated her adventure. ad-venture. I want to perpetuate the spirit which made the adventure possible and the Joy which crowned her declining years as she looked upon the fruits of her labor and caught hut a faint glimpse of what It will mean for posterity. 1 want to recall ber as I recall my mother, Elvira Brown Barker, a pioneer of 1847, In the sunset of her life after the hardships and the battles and the sorrows of pioneering were past and she sat In the afterglow of her twilight days, resting from ber labors. All her hardships and sorrows have softened In the telling In her later life and her rugged endurance has mellowed with the fading memory; but to us there lives that thrill of conquering peace which I wish posterity pos-terity to remember. BURT BROWN BARKER." On each side of the base is a bronze tablet depicting in bas-relief a typical scene of emigrant emi-grant days.1' In one a joke of oxen, under the lash of the driver, tolls painfully up a steep slope, dragging the heavy wagon In which sits the sun-bonneted pioneer mother surrounded by her brood of future citizens of the common-wealth-that-is-to-be. In the other, within the circle of wagons camped for the night little group of men and women stand with bared beads boslde aa open grave. It la a IcenB that needs no such title as "The Prairie Burial" to tell Its story of one who was destined never to reach the promised land "where rolls ta gon." The erection of memorials of stoat, has not been the only way in which then American mothers have been honored. It years sgo a well-known writer, Herlwt man, paid a tribute to "The Prairie I which has been reprinted so often utii a newspaper classic. It follow I ITHER I die of i in. 1 THE PRAIRIE MOTHER "Sh mm A tn rock the cradle plre. Adventure calls to men, bat duty mons women. And so, when the timet to breed new stars for the flag, sbt atj from Maine and Ohio and Klllarney'i Itffi and her Swedish village and her fjord W mother the wilderness. "Only God and she knows the fullnesif giving to the young Northwest "She lived in sod houses and hay-roofed with the newest neighbor often a day's K away. "She had no decencies. She did not era the luxury of floor or fireplace. Her aw! ground in a hand mill and her baking I was a makeshift oven In the yard. "She helped In the fields at the plotis. the sowing, and she helped to scythe tk and bind the sheaves. "She watered stock and spun and knlttef tailored. She made a garden and present, I . . .. ,,, I -KJ .HlJ wiuier iuou, mimea uer cuwi uu children. The leenv-ved sun found bertR at her1 tasks, and the mldmoon heard be the baby to rest MTV . 1 t- . 4An . n I ner uenuty Bleep organ ni icu i four. Tear in and year out she never orange, a box of sweets or a gift tf K b ranee, I "She fought drouth and dearth sod el and savage loneliness, her 'Sunday bests' 1 calico and llnsey woolsey. She grew oH" f rate of twenty-four months a year at tbtl bing hoe and the washtub and the ebon "She bore her bairns alone and buried l on the frozen prairies. "But she asked no pity for her brokei her aching back, her poor, gnarled b for the wistful memories of i "fatrerm sweeter lands. "She gave America the great Northwest was too proud to quibble at the cost stalwart sons to whom she willed It "She mothered MEN 1" Sine th World war. America bai & other group of mothers to be honored-th( . . ..V ...... fli One losi weir sons in uim great wu , A... .ton. hmiiw its rsnirt Star mouw" UlSt IUIICI IV uvuf. " J IlltnnU .nt mnn thtn 7 Oft) of tbpm WST l ent when a beautiful memorial was deaioj the Illinois Centennial building in &P". the state capital J The Inscription on It reads: "In honor s mothers of Illinois who In giving tneli ' flitht on alien fields for liberty and rljM'j them with their own steadfast couns lief in righteousness. 1917-1918." A tribute of a different kind was Plj n.u o. .u f-.h 1 1029. lb viuiu oiar luuiueia yu w"-u - Jr" gress passed a bill authorising an sw-r of more than $5,000,000 to cover the eipi taking the mothers and wives of service died In France for a visit to the pl j their soldier dead were burled. The M partment was then directed to make tat j sary arrangements for the Gold Star pilgrimages and Invitations were sen 11,(130 of these women to be the guesu United States government on sue!) Of thnt number nearly C.O0O went dorW summer of 1932 and the remainder tM j Ing summer. There was a singularly i!PJ touch to the departure of the first con J m. e ' t7.i, ..n MnV 8. WW" 1 a lie ouiieu iituu AICW .11 Mothers-' day that year, and the s'P them to their rendezvous with their the S. S. America. bjr Wwlita Ntwiptpw UnlL |
