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Show THE To TIME IS LOST IN FIGHTING WEEDS MUCH POPULAR GRAINS Survey Has Recently Been WHFAT T .r ioliuixwM SMis' .tost J Con- ducted by Experts. Corn Heads Long List Because of Abundance and Is Most Relished by Fowls. NFPIli. UTAH. S. M e P7H FOR FARM FLOCK TIMS-NEW- Special Attention Given to Best Methods of Conquering Some""of Worst Plants Publications on Eradication or Control. REGARDED AS SAFEST orv. I by the United States Department of Agriculture.) Fighting weeds occupies about SO per cent of ail the time a farmer spends In cultivation of crops, according to experts in the United States Department of Agriculture, who recently have been conducting a weed survey. Special attention has beeti given to the best methods of conquer ing some of the worst weeds, and the following publications on their eradication or control may be obtained by ill JL (Prepared Most Satisfactory Results Obtained Wh Meat, Bone, Bran and Other Nitrogenous Feeds Are Also Supplied. (Prepared by the United States Department of Agricalture.j Of all grain feeds usually supplied .o farm poultry, torn lias been, and still is, the most nopulur. This piob-ubl- y Is due to its abundance uud rel ative cheapness, and because it is the iuost relished of all the grains. Corn Is heating and fattening, and when fed to fowls us the only feed, fat rath-e- r than eggs is the usuul result. It should be balanced with meat, bone, bran, and such feeds as are rich in nitrogenous matter, In which corn is deficient. When corn is fed to laying liens that have opportunity to take plenty Qf exercise and to ob.aln ii sects and green feed, more satisfactory results are likely to be obtained. H may be fed more freely during the winter than fturing the summer, say poultry specialists of United States Depur.nient of Agriculture. Wheat Is Safest , Wheat is generally regarded as the safest grain to be fed alone. It is not quite so fattening as corn, but is too fattening when fed alone. Wheat should be supplemented by the same feeds as advised to use with corn to increase the proportion of protein. Whfyit contains a little more protein than corn, about the same amount of carbohydrates, but less fat, and on the whole is considered not so valuable for fa tening, but slightly better Good grades of wheat for growth. are relatively too high in price to be used freely in feeds at the presWheat screenings of a ent time. good grade can frequently be pur chased and fed to advantage. Of. course, there is always the danger of Introducing weed seeds on the farm, "Burnt wheat" seldom can be fed advantageously, the difference In pi ice between this and good wheat being usually too slight to warrant its use. Oats Needed for" Variety. , Oats, while not as good as corn or wheat, are necessary for variety. They contain more indiges ible fiber than the other grains. Hulled oats are relished by poultry and are excel- - n E ? . v 4 " . lent for producing eggs, but are usually too expensive. When they can be obtained at reasonable price in comparison with other grains they may be fed quite freely. Barley does not seem to be relished by hens, but may he used to give variety to the grain ration. It has a little more protein than corn and a little less than oats. Huckwheat Is quite liked by fowls, but Is not widely fed. It may be used to vary the ration, but Is usuully too high In price to !e economical. Duck-whemiddlings are rich In protein and make a good mixture with comment. Itye is not fed Inrgely, and does not m'tn to be much relished by poul ry. It is supposed to cause bowel trouble when fed freely. - at PLAN CF ROTATION Many Fields Should Be Established as There Are Ytare for Fairly Constant Supply. A In Adopting a plan of rotation oh tunny fields should be established as there arc year In (lie rotation; for this gives a fairly constant supply'of eiicli rrop. When a- - crop fulls fl similar crop should be 'substituted, as for example, mils for wheat, soy beans or cowpcus for clover. There Is no other way to maintain a systematic rotation. RIGHT DEPTH No Blnd-Wee- FOR PLANTING General Rule Can Be Recommended as Vegetables and Soils Differ Greatly. POTATOES OFTEN Potatoes must be hoed or cultivated at least once a week for about six weeks after the plants appear. While cultivating, the soil should be drawn about the plants, forming hills to protect the potatoes from the sun. "hard Potato bugs, shells" and their children, the soft shells or slugs, are sure to eut the foliage of potatoes unless prevented from doing so.,. The "hard shell" bugs that are first to appear can often be picked off by hand and killed, bu about tle only way to control the young soft bug9 or slugs Is to poison them. This can be done by spraying or sprinkling the potato leaves with a mixture consisting of one ounce of arsenate of lead In one gallon of water or the plants may be dus ed with powdered lime to which paris green has been added at the rate of one ounce to four quarts of lime, say specialists of the United States Department of Agriculture. The dust should be sifted over the plants during the early morning wfillc the dew is upon the leaves. It will not be necessary to dust or spray all the plants, but only those where the bugs have started, then go over the potatoes every few days to see 1hat the bugs have not gotten a fresh start. . Hens on Free P.ange Are Able to Pick Up Insects and Green Feed. ARRANGE s; Hoeing Should Be Done Once a Week for Six Weeks After Plants Appear Kill Bugs. 5 t Great-Lakes-S- Roadside Weeds With- - Srray. Bermuda Grass; 1161, Dodder; 1168, Poison Ivy and Poison Sumac; 1002. Canada Thistle. Department circulars : 108, Chicory. 130 (5 cents a copy), Hawk weeds or" Paint Brushes. 511- - (13 bulletins: Department cents), Farm Practice in the Cultivation of Cotton. In addition to these,J.he following multigraphed leaflets on special weeds may be obtained by writing direct to forage crop investigations, bureau of plant industry, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. : Chemical Weed Killers; Eradication of Nut Grass; Wild Carrot; Killing Dandelions in Lawns; Sheep Sorrel ; Chickweed in Lawns ; Eradication of Quack Grass; Wild d ; HoneyMorning Glory, or suckle as a weed ; Perennial Sow Thistle. SWEET CLOVER BUILDS SOIL By Vigorous Growth and Decay of Large Roots It Restores Humus in Large Quantities. As a soil builder sweet clover Is In a clnsM byIstetf. By Its vigorous growth and the decay of it large roots it restores humus to the soil in large quantities. If It Is allowed to remain and decay where It has grown, large quantities of plant food are mnde available. Moreover, It Is a legume and can, therefore, take Its nitrogen from the air, thus adding an element to the soil that is very beneficial. Its long fleshy roots penetrate the and bring food to the surface for other plants to use, and. at the same lime, improve the soil texture. sub-Bo- ll PROFITABLE SIZE OF FLOCK Best to Keep Number Under 500 Unless Breeder Is Man of Considerable Experience. general rule regarding a different Until one has had considerable ex kinds of vegetables and different soils Tho perlence It Is best not to brood over necessitate different practices. smaller the seeds the shallower Ihe I ) chickens In one flock, and a small In er number would probnMy do better rule. covering should be a heavy soils the covering should be say specialists of the United State" Department of Agriculture. lighter than In light soils. There Is no the depth of planting, ' f ft l 'mowjriATfvjoi:J2mfcz By JOHN DICKINSON SHERMAN. ONGIJESS is the frequent recipient these duys of moniorials by various organizations in support of the Killing CULTIVATE , CHAT?? ri JAWRAr QLZ75ZC VCAWV writing to the department. Farmers'' bulletins: CIO, Wild Onion ; GJO, Weeds in General ; 833, Wild Oat in Hard Spring-WheArea; 045 Crab-Gras- - i Lawrence Tidewater project. Following is a typical memorial from tiie State of North Dakota, prenented by Senator Ladd : "Whereas it is nronosed to make v such Improvement in the St. Lawrence us to uuike the Ureut Lukes accessible to oceangoing commerce;' mid "Whereas this improvement will in effuct bring the State of North Dakota hundreds of miles nearer the world's markets; and , "Wheieus there are within the State great resources that lie wholly undeveloped while the production of all things is dhninshed or retarded by distance from markets; and "Whereas because our producers and the consuming public have ulike suffered enormous losses in the last year by transportation shortage and failure; and "Whereas because by reasori"bf these conditions the transportation situation constitutes an emergent need; and "Whereas a number of States have Joined in the Great Lakes-St- . Lawrence Tidewater Association, having as its object the early undertaking and completion "of this improvement: There' ' fore be It "Itesolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the State of North Dakota, that the State of North Dakota is properly associated in the above-name- d organization with its neighboring Commonwealths iu pressing to advance this undertaking, and that the action of the governor in so declaring Is hereby approved and confirmed, and the participation of this State by the governor and those who represent hliu in the council of these- - States is approved ; "Itesolved, that the representatives of this State In the Congress of the United Stales be requested to facilitate and expedite in every possible way the prosecution of this undertaking for the economic freedom of a landlocked continent." The Great Lakes-St- . Lawrence Tidewater association is a voluntury association of 14 member states, Including Wisconsin, Minnesota, Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio. Iowa, North Dakota, South Dakota, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, and Nebraska. The first three of these states have aided the movement through state commissions created by their respective legislatures. These states are today In, a voluntary effort attempting to Impress the nation and congress with the urgent need of adequate transportation facilities at reduced rates, to be provided by the proper development of our inland waterways. The Great Lnkes-St- . Lawrence Tidewater project has been discussed for several years. Progress was Interrupted in 1914 by the World war. March 2, 1019, Senator Lenroot of Wisconsin, had Incorporated luto the rivers and harbors act a provision requesting the international Joint commission "to Investigate what further Improve ment of the St. Lawrence river, between Montreal and Lake Ontario, In necessary- - to make the same navigable for ocean-goin- g vessels, together with the estimated cost thereof, and report to the government of the Dominion of Canada and to the congress of the United States, with its recommendations. Tor by the United States with the Dominion of Canada in the improvement of said river." The result Is that the engjueers appointed by the two governments have been for some time engaged In the making of surveys and the preparation of plans mid estimates for the information of the commission. The commission h;in been holding a series of public hearings, in which national, state, provincial, municipal, coiinnerclal. transportation, and other Ixfrlies IntcrcMcd have presented their views as to the desirability or otherwise of the suggested deep waterway und the advantages and disadvantages of combining power development with the Improvement of navigation on the upMr St. Lawrence. Following will be found a brief statment of the main features of the project The writer holds no brief for or agnlnst It. There are two phases lo the project: tine Is the opening up of Ureat The other Is the establishment. In connection with the work of great plum for the icnl energy to be disgeneration of Jiydro-electributed over a radius of about -.- "Ml miles. At present the "navigation and power projects are iM'iug considered as one. The demand of the Middle West Is for water This demand. In a nutshell. Is transportation. that the Great I.nUe-- j be opened lo the sea so thai ocean going craft diawlng from-2to 'Si feet can hleatii from Duluth to the Atlantic and thence ulotig the seaboard of the western hemisphere or across sens to the markets of Europe. The Middle West argues this way. The measure of the country's productiveness depends In large measure upon the expeditious movement of its enormous and growing volume of freight. This movement of freight Is present slowed op by Ihe congested condition of the railroads and eastern terminals. Additional and supplemental mxins of distribution are necessary. In short, the Middle West must be brought within touch of the Atlantic seaboard, without breakage of bulk, delay and additional terminal charges. In this demand the "Mldlle West" means tbe "heart of Ihe nation," with about one third of the lerritovy. imputation and wealth. The Middle West holds Ibat great nd costly though the .mterprlse may be. It Is etitlrely feasible from Ihe standpoint of the engineer; that trnns-Inflatio- t. V i 'i:3SCfV Iv'ir !He0-LtcT.,- f. V v , ' J eioj IrAiZS -- T'l n,nv,czi ?Uoil 'iJujB j TV AlXAlfrCHY WAZZXAXD - All - I 'Po, 44'C?lYSC RADIUS (Zcienti: American) -- A! 1 VIC if FJt-- 'l v t V jKtu-Jil- l 5 Schematic chart of the movement of wheat via the Great Lakes and the railroads to the Atlantic Seaboard and abroad showing how railroad troubles hamper the bulk of this business 'i ' is nothing In the plan or scope of the terprise which goes beyond well established gineering precedent, or calls for constructions tlint are experimental, and regarding whose ultimate cost there Is any serious doubt; that the by canal, canalopening of this great water-wa- y ized river, and- deepened channel, thereby enship to load ut Duluth and not abling a deep-se- a breuk open her hatches until she reached Hamburg, London or Marseilles, is as certain of being taken in hand as it is that the sun will rise dully. "So It asks: "Why not today?" oiie. Canada, The project is an at Its own expense (about S.O.OflO.OOO is reconstructing the Welland canal between Lakes Erie and Ontario,, in order to give ocean-goinships access to Lnke Erie. Thanks to the enterprise of Canada, the problem broadly reduces Itself to submerging certain ruplds lying in the International waters of the St. Lawrence river between Lake Ontario and St. Ilegis. and then dealing in a similar- way with that stretch of the river extending from St. Hegis to Montreal. The estimated cost of the International river Improvement Is $00,000,MK) and of the Canadian river, $f0,0X),-000- . The establishment of power plant sites would entail additional expense. An argument brought forward for the project Is that it saves distance. From Duluth through vessel the dlstunce the Detroit river by deep-draIs 693 miles. Following Is an extract from an official statement rend Into the Congressional Kecord by' Representative John M. Nelson of Wisconsin : "With only two harriers removed, even the present depth of channels nnd harbors of 21 feet will enable large numbers of ocean vessels to steam directly to the ports of the Great Lakes. river rnpids The two barriers are the St. and the Niagara Kalis. The barrier of the Niagara overcome by the Canadians Fulls Is already In the reconstructed Welland canal. The dilTer-en- e of lake level will be overcome by seven locks In the new WHInnd canal in a distance of 'Si miles. These lock chambers will be 1.1XH) feet long, SO feet wide, nnd will have lock sills sunk to a depth of Ik) feet, (hut will permit the passage feet draft when the channels are of vessvls of dredged to Ik) feet. From the Welland cnnnl to the foot of Lnke Ontario there are ItK) miles of straight sailing and then open navigation In the wide St. Lawrence river. Out of the total of 1SJ mites to Montreal, there are 1!) miles rff improved channels, with it present 40 miles of canal. With this project, with dams anil sis locks of ,NOO feet In length. SO feel in bread! Ii. and a possible depth of ."to feet with slack water.' midstream nnvigiitlou would reduce the total canal and lock navigation to 20 tulles or less. "The proposal Is to build dnms across the river with locks In the dams. Vessels navigating the river will not pass through narrow canals around the rapids, as they do now In the present Canadian canals, but will sat majestically flown the center of the stream in slack water produced ' by the dams .and pass from level to level through the locks. "Assuming that an ocean vessel has passed through the Lakes to Superior or Duluth and has loaded cargo of western grain and Is sailing for Liverpool, the first leg of Ihe Journey, the length of Lake Superior, will be 3S.1 miles of open: navigation. Then comes the St. Mary river. miles long. This Is all open navigation, except 33 miles, which Is Improved river channel and a canal 1.6 mile with one lockage. Past this restricted channel the vessel will have 220 miles of free sailing through the deep water of Lake Huron. It will then pass 27 miles of open navigation and 13 miles of restricted channel In the St. Clair river, 13V4 miles of own and 3.5 miles of restricted r,nvlgatln In Ijike St. Clair, and 22 miles of open and C miles of Improved navigation S"ln. If will l.ave free hav- la the Detroit rtvri there enen- - l g - ' ft HWtNlHl Y VXATCVt DENOTE ncuRta votunt, ih niLktONS Of Bustiers, or ArtNUAkUT ftitM rowtntltl BY A AS OtTEHniMtO TrlfttL'TtAH AVtftAfct. IT 1ft TMC of tmi raii. noventNT AT A FtVV Of OUR t AST tun pot3 wmcn PFtjroTta dicienlifit American) igation on the great expanse of deep water of1 Lake F.rie for 219 miles. It passes 25 miles l the Welland canal, with Its seven locks, and thei has 1G0 miles more of deep water and open nayW gatlon across Lake Ontario. It has 182 miles from Lake Ontario to Montreal, but of this distance only about 20 miles are canal navigation. At present tiiere are 40 miles of canals, but iu navithe proposed improvement, with slack-wate- r gation behind the dams, there would be less thnu 20 miles of restricted channel. Down the St",: Lawrence river to Iielle Isle, a distance of l.OOHl miles, ships navigate regularly today, nnd the route otters no great obstacles during eight months' of the year. From Pelle Isle to Liverpool there Is. of course, tiie ocean crossing of 2.1S0 statute miles of open navigation. Less than "4 miles of improved channel and 50.1 miles of canals would Interrupt steaming from Superior, Du luth, Milwaukee or Chicago to England. The barriers that now separate the farms and cities jf the great West and Middle West from tiie ocean can be overcome by channels not as long nor ns difficult to navigate ns the Panama ennal, the Kiel: canal, or the Suez canal, and would cost only a fraction of the expense of construction." The possibilities of the development of hydro- -' ; electrical power are large. The normal menu (low of the St. Lawrence at its outlet from LaK-j- ' Ontario Is 240,000 second-feet- . There is between-thhead of the rapids near Oirdensbur. N. Yl and the foot of the lowest rapid at the City of Montreal a total fall of 221 feet. If 70 per cent of the power can be realized, the development? would amount to over four million horse-powe- r The first 113 miles of the river from its outler from Luke Ontario is International that is. It constitutes the boundary between the two countries. The full In this section, confined lo about forty-twfeet ; the power pos miles, Is ninety-twsibilities of this section on the same basis would be million horse-powepractically one and f of this would be Canadian an 1 Normally f United States. It would seem, therefore that Ihe minimum power that may be developed from the St. Lawrence and distributed through northern New Tork and New England would be It Is not eight hundred thousand horse-poweunlikely, however, that in the final bargaining between the two countries the United States may assume ome or the expense or improvement hciow the international section of the river nnd In return receive more power. In nn address by Alexander T. Vogelsang. firt assistant secretary of (lie interior, before tbe river and harbor congress of 1919. read into the Congressional Itecord, these statements are inaie among others: The United States share of t,w St. Lawrence river power would have an iirimuf value of about 12.000.000. Much of. New England Is within a transmission distance - of -- fif miles. This power Is the equivalent of T.7")()(kni tons of coal annually. This power would furnish sufficient energy to supply a large pari "f tl c power now generated by fuel In this domimnii Industrial district. The power production will puic the entire cost of all the project. With the enlarged Welland canal available, with the proposed dams and their great locks built, Vhlg cargo curriers of many thousands of tons could traverse the whole length of the St. Lawrence to and from Lake Erie. With Improved fa- cllltles at the Soo anil deeper channels through the Lakes here and there, Duhifb, Superior, Milwaukee, Chicago, Detroit, Toledo, Cleveland. I5uf-fal- o and other lake ports, would have an unhampered outlet to the ocean. So says the Middle West. And with the mighty St. Lawrence hnrncssoT for power purposes and the energy distributed through Industrial New Tork and New Enghimi many problems that affect the cost of living would be made easier of solution. So say the promoter of lli St. Lawrence-Tldewstprojert. full-spee- d o o two-thir- d one-hal- one-hal- r. e |