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Show 2R3, ;---Page-w R Envn‘onmem Wha‘& other factor could be more smpor&ant ea’ have a more critical influence on the growth, development and “conditions affecting the nature of an individual or community. Humans are part of an earthly—or even larger—ecosystem. The human species, more than any other, has the power to influence . o ~ and shape the environment and a myriad of sub-ecosystems ~ ~ Volume1, Issue 3 The Ogden Valley News | J anuary interacting as a part of the whole, thus giving face and form to life's very existence and--in some cases--extinction. What affect does political environment have on the mmpéex human social ~and cultural environment, and the ecosystem in which we live? This article looks at the Utah state political environment during E - ursflg the depressaon years Utah suffered wath the rest 0'? the 'caumry Utah’s strong agricultural industry was hurt by severe ‘droughts in 1931 and 1934. High freight rates contributed to the ~decline of manufacturing during this era. Federafiéy instigated deveiapmem plans and projects were created to jump start the ~ economy in the form of WPA (Works Progress Admansstrataan} | and CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps) programs. The early 1970s ushered in economic prosperity for the S‘Eate _ Utaa"s s population burgeoned, f@iiowang a national trend. By the late 1960s the country was experiencing heaghtened awareness et ‘and concern over industrial pollution and extractive degradation to the environment. the last one hundred and fifty years, up to the present time, ancé the political perspective and response to proposed state lana use “planning policy--policy aimed at directing or shaping the environ- :m@n‘%‘w‘?{m’@ugh pflanfi@fig and zoning directed from the state level. Public awareness, education, and accessability ~to the public policy process brought legislative changes, such as - The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) in January of | 1970, and federal dollars to states that were wi illing to implement Brigham Young is supposed to have stood on the mountai m@p and administer environmentally friendly policies. In the early ~ 1970s, the federal government made available to states, federal 5 : amve Salt Lake City and seen a vision of what the Salt Lake doliars to help local communit®s implement state planning policy Valley would become. Prevafiusfiy, Brigham Young's p“ede@essm‘ through community general plans that reflected state policy. As ~ Joseph Smith had seen in vision the “City of Zior” and the way ~ that it was to be laid out upon the land. This desi a:m was g iven to 8 examp@eg states could lead out and mp%emefii Such p@fiacy inthe | _BE’ @ham Young by Joseph Smith @efme the s*%evgéy emerging reli- ~ following areas: gious group left for the Utah territory. Because they had a clear - 1. The management and pm@en‘t use of ih@ Sefii@ 3 rfism,gs’cew, IR % - which includes land, “vision, they could successfully mpfiemen& state, or this cass, terriR y energ and wEdéafe r@&@umeg forest air, ‘water, torial planning. “The Mormon village in Utah was to a degree pat. The éfficient and ‘productive utilizati ion @? wai@e' m@@ume @Gfi“‘@@fi after J@sepfi Smith’s Ci ity of Zion, a péafififi@ community of including watershed. farmers and tradesmen, with a central résafi@rtial area ana ‘i?‘aa’rs"ss ST 'mafiaggm@ni and maintenance of water quality. | e ~ and farm buildings on the land beyond” This @%nflm&zm ty plan : implemented by the Pioneers in the 1800sis very much like the - 3. The reduction or elimination @? ion g-‘?‘e?mrisk to p@@psg agg@ L ~ Neo-Traditional Model that has e"fi%v‘g@@% dus‘ ing the "E%@@ In the ~ property from fla‘éum@ , ~ Neo-traditional model, the “town” or “village” conceptis -~ hazards. e - embraced. Itf@@US@@ on a return to the smali urban @@mfl“‘mm’iy e The location and bal amflgd uia ati on of and ?’%’@f@g@:f‘?@é? 'aée@@fi, s . | o e »’zvaiueg of tree-lined streets with an emphasis upon the reduction highway, public walk in with ers cent ¢ l cia mer com s age transpottation, and b@ygfig facilit es - of the automabile. It encour ing distance of ih@ residential areas. Here, zoningismgrsp@rsed 5The location and need for sewage, wa&ewafizsr Ei”ea‘tmefi% « for mixed uses. The gridiron is central in this model for better . solid waste disposal, and - electrical generating faci Ssies s Ty ~ . integration of the Cfimmunaty In early Mormon settlements, bef@re statehood, if not state planning, regional or territorial plan6. The d@vefiapment and location @? cammerse and musts’y o ‘-ff";f«.lmfig was, c!earéy, to E@e and practuced by th@ mmbmed ecciesa»l-;,‘47,,_.[;}The asfnca!/p@msca! leaders. - presewali@nafld effi @aem uti gazatmn @fpramg agracu&idrai,' .7{_5 '_- | “ 1ands Bytheend of World War I ihe cempiexson ofUiah now a. to uéa&e;‘»_ri;':__;';v»_‘ S ""jiv‘-";'-zSGn‘ue stafiepians arecfliy antended:‘;jt'vbe at@@i fcrm stat ‘had changed di ama’ncaliy “Conservation and recflamatuon “policy or to create a “vision” for the state.( Others have regusato;i;fij;;,;;;,L; :L}[,_ff;pmjects were afistatuted Nationai parks mouments and forests ~were set aside by the federal government.” *yvjv”§92‘,~.,?-‘.abeut half _.,f-}im,hcatacns for state and regsanal agencies and local governof the population of Utah was urbanized and living along the - ments, such as piafls for affordable housing. Wha!e many other ‘Wasatch Front. The Mormon populatlon by percentage, had - states embraced, at different levels, the concept f state p!afinsng‘ | fmanmal carmf ) ~ shrunk from more than 90% in 1896 to 68% by 1920. This was ~in response to ‘the federal tably and suc- j | ©edue/in part, to a wide variety of ethnic groups that came into the" o ,cessfui!y, the state ¢f't,i»=-.regen in 1973, actors within the state of Utah played out a remarkabie drama, wnth;any semblance of state '""_’-siate for work related to mining and heavy andustw Though less ~ ~than a third of the population was engaged in agricultural pur- - acreage had more than doubled in the amount of suits, farmland. . workable §mgata@n apened up. much land for agri @uiturai © land use piannlng losing out to the rhetoric of a socialistic coni spwacy to take over private pmperty rlghts Hew did this acrlmo--f}* “nious attitude evolve when the first white settlers that came to thefn}f;f pursuits that, under existi ing ci ircumstances would have remaaned “area so willingly practsced land use piannsflg from the top of ihe ~arid. N cemmunaty hierarchy, and why do we continue to see this bitter - A complex criss-cross pattern of designed and deveioped - attitude toward state planning today. This attstude remams often 'smga’tmn canals and ditches aiicwed for the gros wth envnronments Uta ad inthese agflcu!turai pursuuts As was the pafies vin a’ther western J}_;flat the expense Of heaithy h ct for . pe ex we n ca at Wh - areas, sheep and cattle were cempetzng for range lands. ~ communities. - - thou " planning, Specn‘lcaiiy, state land use plar Developed railroads within the state helped the fivestock procéss- ;:i.!:"i’j‘f'.sr‘g industry. Modern cities emerged as electricity, ?eiephones AR or not tobe'? The bufldsng o ‘,;;j\.,;thereof’?is it to be IR ~ and automobiles changed forever pioneer lifestyles. o of paia’uai homes, busmess.‘v-b'iocks power plan‘i@g interurban ndary roads, and fiousing for averrailroads, Lhig‘h.?#'w,ai'ys»f:fiié;fidg_gfsf ‘age citizens contributed to city -"[‘deve!opment ’éa‘@ph Smith’s ‘planning model was put aside for more spontafig%@us deve!apmentff.__ .umam - that wasn't bemg dsctated from above on the pkgzfif@aé hierarchy, * but from below-from s cai community centers-if it were being duc-.""?-Qiffffifi,,!; under theTenthA%fifidment of the U S Cohstltmlon| “The Tent";fi tated by any office at aii ‘For example prior to 1951, ‘the formal . city of Ogden had not pianmng or zoning ordinances. Private ~,’=,’~Amefldment is c:ted as the source of authenty that a!!ows states -~ property owners were pretty much left to themseives to dictate ~ to delegate the powers of self determination to local govern- how ~ they would develop their property. Today, Ogden City plan- “ments. These basic powers are: The Police Power, The Taxing ning officials and the citizens of the central Og@wfi area are still ~ having to deal ffh the myraad @f pmbiems Ee’?g weg’ f”‘@m thes era - of m@r planning. . Population u@fltlfifi%d t@ gr@w and t@ concent fa’ée along the Wasatch - St Front in Weber Davis, Salt Lake, and Utah counties, a trend that continues to the pre@@m% and pmf@umfiv affects the g‘&a‘%fi@ s politicE S@@@@.E econom @ afld @uéiurafi e, el j.;.u;.' :.: ‘:." :.;,;.;.;,:.:A;.:.3:.;‘;4;3»;.:4 o :.:A.;.u;.; e e el e e‘:"»j""‘:.:_f.:, e e .-.; Sl .;.‘.;.;.v.;.( e e ,;.;.'.;. e e e;.;.......................................... S e e L i B N R G I X R RO DO | ~ Power, and The Power of Eminent Damasfl (Planning and Zmmgf::f_‘f__j?-?f"; police power regu- R - Administration in Utah, 3rd edition). Because E latory authority is reserved by the U. S Constltutmn to the various - states, and thereby delegated to the local governments, it is pos~ ] sible for the state to limit or even withhoid such authority toan exient. Utah, however, has adopted a less restrictive rule. inthe @8@ case @‘? S‘Eai@ @‘? uah V. Hu‘&chsflS@n the Ufiah Suprem@ I = . S \ - ; |