OCR Text |
Show THE NNNNNNMNNNNNN FARM CO-OPERATIVE SELLING By GLENN (ft 114, a HAYES Wnun Nmptpv Union.) More Than Million Farmers Are Interested LECTURES fresh from in eastern city telling a group of Middle Western farmers how to manage the business of farming. Boys," he said, "I have always found that If a fellow has a hard time keeping hls head above water Its time for him to learn to keep out of the deep places. A tall, d farmer rose from his seat Just a minute, Mr. Speaker you have us farmers all wrong. We arent afraid of the deep water. Thats where we do our best swimming. We all belong to marketing associations. Perhaps you didn't know that they furnish life preservers for the fellows that cant swim alone. A million farmers kept afloat that way during 1923. The farmer was right More than a million American farmers have learned to keep up In deep water. They are the men who are making marketing the greatest farm organisation in the world. Last year 65 per cent of the citrus fruit produced In the United States, 80 per cent of the dried. fruit nearly three-fourth-s of the tobacco, one-ha- lf of the milk and butter, 10 per cent of the live stock, 15 per cent of the cotton, 60 per cent of the nuts and large amounts of auch products as eggs, wool and vegetables traveled the road to market California Leads. There are now eight great national exchanges and 175 state federations. Territorial groups number over 112, while local marketing associations total over 12,000, California leada all other states In the volume of marketed products, last year sending half of her 3500,000,000 crop to market through channels. The dried fruit Industries have the largest percentage of their groups completely organised. Ninety per cent of the raisins, 85 per cent of the prunes and 80 per cent of the dried figs, peaches and apricots are marketed cooperatively. Second best among the farmers' organised Industries are the tobacco groups of the South and East Taking the association as a whole, they represent 227,800 growers. Seventy per cent of all the tobacco used In the United States was handled through these associations during 1923. All this great work of tobacco organisation Las been done In a period of lesa than two years. Perhaps the third best organized American commodity la the nut industry. Over 90 per cent of the American almonds, 95 per cent of the walnuts and 50 per cent, of the Jumbo white peanuts are handled through the farmers marketing associations. Interstate and state dairy groups of the are now marketing nation's milk and butter supply. During 1923 there were nearly 200 cooperative milk marketing associations, creameries and over 1,610 cheese factories. 2,800 Plans are now under way for the forming of a national dairy sales agency to handle the busiassocianess of all the tions. The wheat marketing machine has barely made Its start Yet, between four and five per cent of the nations wheat was handled by during the past season. Today there are two national organisations and twelve state units. Plans are now under way for the consolidation of all the wheat organizations Into one unit under the direction of the National Wheat Growers' Advisory committee. In every grain section of the country are the local farmers' elevator companies, some 5,216 of them In all. These elevators have a membership of over 550,000 and n capital of The annual value of the grain handled averages over $625,000,000. In 1922 the California Fruit Growers' exchange marketed 68 per cent of the citrus fruit of the state and a handled group of other between 10 and 15 per cent of the crop. In Florida 40 per cent of the citrus crop was marketed through an association of growers. Fully 65 per cent of the citrus crop In the United 8tatea goes to market through a pod. Fruit Also Handled. Fresh fruit associations Include more than 400 separata local units and about n dozen larger organizations. More than 25 per cent of California's deciduous fruits are sold by the California Fruit exchange alone. Blxty-flv- e per cent of the peach crop In the atate of Georgia travels the road to market Sixty per cent of the pears and berries of western h of New York's Oregon, grapes, 85 per cent of California's pears and a good shars of Its berries are handled The past year 12 per cent of the cotton crop was marketed through the cotton pools. In Texas, where 25 per cent of the nation's crop la grown, 12 per cent of the state's acreage la contract signed up under a flve-yeexThe American Cotton Grower change acta as an overhead agency for the 12 member state associations. In 1923 more than 10 per cent' of A ni gray-halre- one-four- th 0. one-fourt- the yearly American wool dip was pooled by the growers. Four thousand shipping associations la tha North Central states send 25 per cent of all tha live stock sold In the terminal markets. marThere are dozens of keting associations for the handling of vegetables, poultry, hay, rice and seeds. Becently a national sales agency for selling fruit and vegetables for the, various local and sectional associations opened offices In 141 markets. There are now 14 state-wid- e potato exchanges and plana for a national federation have been drawn up. One-sixt-h of the 5,000,000 pound! of rice produced annually In the United Statea la marketed The put year eggs laid by ten million hens in a dozen states were pooled for market Last year Pacific coast poultrymen sent 1,000 carloads of white eggs through the channel to New York. Large Suma for Advertising. Along with the expert salesmen the farmer la hiring expert advertising men to handle great sales campaigns to sell producer-brand- s of raisins and oranges and butter and ice cream and prunes. Producers are standardizing their products and advertising their brands both nationally and internationally. In one yeur, 1022, four of the organizations alone spent over four million dollars on advertismillion was ing. Two and one-haspent by the Sun Maid raisin growers. During the past nine years over seven and a half million dollars have been spent advertising Sun Maid raisins. exThe California Fruit Grower change, representing the citrus growers of the state appropriated over $800,000 for advertising In 1822. The appropriation for 1923 slightly . exceeded this amount The prune growers of California spent $400,000 telling the story of Sunaweet prunes. Tha Dairymen's league of Utica, N. Y., appropriated $500,000 last year tor admilk vertising raw and semi-stapproducts. It Isnt easy to grasp the proportions movement In a of the short decade these great corporations have risen out of the yellow gold of wheat fields, from the orange and lemon and prune orchards ot the West from the Southern fields of tobacco and cotton corporations whose member are the tillers of the field, the keepers of the orchards whose billion-dolla- r business Is managed by experts and controlled by Its farmer members. In another ten yean the American farmer will be the merchant prince of the world. The aecnrity back of hls milllan-dolla- r enterprises will be the support of every man who tills the soil, and the produce of every acre that stretches across the plains that lie between the Atlantic and Pacific oceen At last the fanner has perfected a systematic method of collective selling which gets results for him. Ha will never rest until all hls major products are handled through hls own salea department lf le STATUE OF CARRARA MARBLE 8b aft of Adam and Eva, Made of Famous Stone, to Grace tha Estats of Wealthy American. With the completion of a heroic statue of Adam and Eve, hewn by an eminent sculptor to grace the estate of a wealthy American, what la said to bo the largest block of Carrara marble ever brought Into this country found expression in one of the oldest, and perhaps the most Influential of the arts. Since Roman emperors opened the quarries more than two thousand years ago, merchant princes of the Middle Ages, monarch! and the modern world have fashioned their architectural dreams In "Carrara. Only In Tuscany, Italy, la It now to be found In great quantities. More than one million tons yearly are being produced In the Apnan Alps, where there Is a mountain of glistening atone five thousand feet high. And, despite the fact that centuries of building and art have drawn upon these snow-whideposits for their uncarved beauty, the supply la little more than touched. Michelangelo, whose sculptures are among the glories of the renaissance, worked In Carrara marble, Cellenl used It, and. since before the birth of Christianity, the quarries have been hipping tha matchless stene to all parts of the earth. It la to be seen In the ruins of the Roman forum, at the till Arch of Constantine, and beneath the great dome of St Peters cathedral In Rome. In moat places where marble deposits occur, it has become split up In the earth and various aubetancea.have filtered Into the crack giving rise to the colored veins which make It unfit for statuary use. For some mysterious reason the Carrara marblea have remained for the moat part free from inch disfiguring accidents. In this condition the ancients found them. Popular Mechanics. te How to Kill Termite The office of forest Insect investigations of the bureau of entomology, United Statea Department of Agriculture, la frequently asked to give advice In cases where termites, or white ants, have damaged the woodwork of buildings or their contents. A destructive species of West Indian termite which breeds in dry eolld wood seriously damaged the woodwork and furniture of a large hotel at Miami, Fla. Tha termites Infesting the furniture were killed by placing It In Tha attic directly under the roof, where the sun's rays beat down and produced a temperature from 17 to 24 degrees Fahrenheit higher than the tnaxlmnm temperatures recorded by the United States weather bureau for that NEWS-OBSERVE- GRANTSVILLE, UTAH R, Hall in Which Republicans Will Meet in gMWRWtWWMMMflB 1924 AIRY DINTS Speedy Justice Recently Meted Out to Scrub Sire (mpinl br tha mt Unltod Btatna Dopartmant fccrlcaltari.) In a special "court" convened In Howard county, MtL, the last of October, A. 8. Bull, known familiarly aa Scrub," waa found guilty of robbing g farmers and their families and waa sentenced to be barbecued Immediately. It waa brought out by County Agricultural Agent M. H. Falrbank, who acted aa prosecuting attorney, that tha accused had been depriving the people of this forming community of many luxuries nnd even some of the necessitie taking the butter from their bread and cream from the milk. According to a representative of the United States Department of Agriculture, Scrub" waa well represented by counsel appointed by the "court, bat no arguments could prevail against tha overwhelming evidence presented by the prosecution and the damaging testimony, of a large number of farmer witnesses who had been robbed and had seen their neighbors robbed in the same manner by thla old ot fender. The Jury waa unanimous for conviction, and J. R. Dawson, of tha dairy division. United States Department of Agrlcultur delivered tha funeral oration. Scrubbnll meat la not of tha beat, bnt It waa well cooked, and a hungry crowd enjoyed It, In a measure, because they had a sense of doing a good thing for the community. Tha trial waa followed by a sale of pure bred bull One of the unusual features of tha trial was a brass band which provided appropriate music during the day. Interest in tha "trial" waa shown by a large attendance from adjoining conn-ti- e hard-workin- Tills is the Cleveland public ball In aA'Ich the Republican national convention of 1924 will be held. The building was erected at a cost of $6,000,000 and thf auditorium seat 12,000 persona. This photograph was taken at the time of an amateur boxing conteat Snakes Immune to Poison Gases Army Finds Phosgene, Chlorine and Tear Chemicals Havfe No Effect on Reptiles. San Antonio, Tex. Poisonous gases do not prove so formidable against the Texas rattlesnake as they did against troops along the western front In the World war. The Texas rattlers seem to be equipped with natural gaa masks. The first of a series of experiments by which it la hoped to develop a means of exterminating the deadly reptile while he la hibernating was performed in November by MaJ. George M. Halloran, chemical warfare officer of the Eighth corps area. Fort Sam Houston. The experiment waa conducted In a cave near San Marcos, In Hays county, 50 miles north of San Antonia The region la known to be alive with big rattlers. Phosgene and chlorine were forced under air pressure Into the recesses of a rocky cave, the molting quarters of Soon afta big den of diamond-bac- k er the fumes had filled the crevices the rattlers began stirring about and could be seen crawling among the rocks near the main entrance of the cave. They were not sufficiently Irritated, however, to come out to face the attacking party. 8nake Enveloped in Gaa. A one huge rattler squirmed along a rock ledge In full view, the nozzle of the phosgene tube was trained on him, and the monster was completely enveloped in clouds of the gaa. He quickly changed hls course and crawled behind some rocks. "That was enough to kill a regiment, said a chemical warfare officer, in surprise, after the snake had foiled to show signs of being seriously affected. The most exciting moments of the experiment came when two large rattlers were roped. After one had crawled upon a rock ledge a member of the party wearing a gas mask, approached perilously near the spot and, with a wire noose on the end of a pole succeeded In looping the reptile around the head. Pulled from lta winter home, the snake hissed and struggled and. Its dozen rattles droned with a fury characteristic only of a Texas rattler. A second snake about the size of the first was looped in the same manner by one of the enlisted men who helped with the experiment. The two snakes had been exposed to phosgene and chlorine fumes for fully an hour before they were captured. A They were alive next morning. heavy concentration of tear gas to which they were later subjected had no effect upon them. Major Halloran Intends to perform further experiments with the prison ers, putting them In glass boxes and trying other kinds of poison gases. Other caves In which rattlers are hibernating will be gassed and It la prolmhle that mustard gas will be usrtl in some of the subsequent experiments. Teat Made at Request of Farmer The project of eradicating the rattlesnake during the winter grew out of a request from Hays county farmers and ranchers to the Department of The department Agriculture. appealed to the army, which In turn referred the matter to the chemical war- k New York. Engineers are studying Spain. Two diamond-studde- d crowns stolen from the heads of the Virgin and Child In Co va donga cathedral at Oviedo were recovered from the river here. Nlhl Wollman, a German, who had been arrested, confessed to the police that he had taken tha crowns and thrown them Into the river. Intending later to fish them out They were not dam- aged. Dairy Cows Improved by Advanced Registry Test "No one thing has dona ao much te Increase the productivity of pare bred dairy cattle In New Jersey aa advanced registry testing, says W. R. Robber dairy expert at the agricultural experiment station. New Brunswick. "The average production of all cows has been given by the United State census as 4,000 pounds of milk a year. Pore bred herds under tha advanced registry testa soon develop cows which produce twice that amount of milk without additional feed coat "Care In tha management of cow Increases their productive capacity. It Is the care Incidental to advanced registry testing which often re suits In the cow doing much better during her second testing period than her first. "By means of these tests and the records kept the hopelessly unproductive cows are detected ao that the dairyman can eliminate them from the herd. It has long been recognised that tha bull la tha moat Important factor In Improving the herd. Through advanced registry it Is posslbls for the land because their development has dairyman to observe whether or not been retarded many centurie are the daughters of the bull are better than their dam In thla way superior of Indicative of the life really antiquibolls era discovered and are chosen te ty. "In my study in the Orient I found raise the standard of the herd. "The advisory experts maintained that many customs which we call our own and think are peculiar to civilized by the department of dairy husbandry countries are In practice there, at least at tha State College of Agricnltur New Brunswick, are always glad te In rodlamentary form. "For Instance, we are accustomed to answer questions on advanced registry Indicate our respect by giving presents or any other phase of dairying!" of flowers and candy. This la merely a development from the prehistoric Feeding Test Made With custom of heaping up the ancestral Com Silage and Fodder graves with food and sacrifices and la seen at the present time in such counThe dairy cow has long found favor tries as those situated on the Malay b scans she la able to convert large quantities of bulky ronghaga Into a peninsula. "Bracelet necklaces and rings are concentrated and highly nutrition! another instance of this custom. They product. There are, however, certain are the modern forma Into which bar- roughages on which a cow produces baric manacles have grown. The gold much better. Aa tha business ot dairybracelet flashing from some fair arm ing Is to product milk profitably rather la only a short transition from the than manly to convert fodder Into bronze chain of a former day. milk, a comparison of tha common form roughagas la valnabl A careful feeding teat was made at Jap Polica Adopt Pistol tha Iowa experiment station with corn Tokyo. The long saber of the Japanese policeman, an unwieldy weapon allage and fodder, alfalfa and timothy In a rough and tumble, la to be re- hay, and a combination of corn fodder placed by a revolver and short sword. and timothy hay. Tha use of corn fodder In place of The regulations announce that tha revolver shall be used only for pur- corn silage reduced the milk producor against pris- tion 6 per cent, and the fat producposes of oners attempting to escape. tion 8 per cent When allage la worth $4.50 a ton, an acre of corn yielding eight ton If converted Into silage, la worth $3 while If converted Into fodGhostly Noises Reveal the value la reduced to $16.21. Lost Carrier Pigeon derWhen alfalfa hay waa replaced by New York. A lost carrier pigeon, timothy In a good dairy ration, milk which fell down a chimney and for and butterfat production waa reduced four days furnished ft first-clas-s Imita7 per cent When both alfalfo hay tion of a ghost, was found recently and silage were replaced at tha aama In the home of Abram Wosnltzer, hat time by fodder and timothy bay, the., manufacturer, of No. 743 Clinton $ve-nu- milk yield dropped 18 per cent and flat 14 per cent The Woanltsera and their four chilIf possible get the corn crop in the dren began to hear strange noises sUo. Timothy bay should be sold and above their living room fireplace Sat. clover or alfolfa bought to take lta urday. The family dog investigated place. and the noises Increased. They occurred at intervals nigh and day. Wash Milk Cana Clean. Mr Woanltser became ao nervous Tha cleansing of milk vessels la best that plana were made to tear down done by first rinsing them In cold or the chimney, when a door above the lukewarm water to remove the milk mantle waa opened and the bedragafter which they should be scrubbed gled, tired pigeon flopped Into tha with a brush Inside and out Use middle of the room. hot water and washing powder and The pigeon was identified by then, rinse In dean, hot water. as belonging to William Holver of No. 810 Old Bergen street, Jersey Shew Up Poor Cow City. Ilolver, a fireman of Engine Almost any cow can make a profit o pasture, but tha feeding of grain Company No. 15, Is a member of tha Jersey City Racing Pigeon dub. Tha and roughage Indoore aeon shows np bird waa one of twenty racirg from tha poor ones la Washington to Jersey City. record ASSERTS PRIMEVAL MAN SETS SOCIETYS FASHIONS Anthropologist Says People of Tropics Practice Ancient Customs. d Ancient man, and ornamented with bits of bone and feathers, set the style for the generation that calls itself ultramodern. Not only some features ot present dress and ornamentation, but also several of the modern hleaa of propriety and correct behavior are routed In the life of antiquity. These statements are vouched for by Dr. Fay Cooper Coles, newly appointed assistant of anthropology at the University of Chicago, who has Just returned from a stay of a year and a half In the uncivilized districts of the Malay peninsula and the Philippine He was sent to the Orient as Island a leader of the Field museum expedition, which had as Its purpose the study of the customs and habits of the primitive peoples In those land More than the modern world realize the professor say are many modern customs outgrowths of savagery. "jBy studying these primitive peoDoctor Coles said, "we cun get a ple good Idea of how ancient man lived and acted, for people in these tropical Chicago. paint-bedecke- WITH SLEEPING BERTHS the problem of sleeping berths on airIn a plane it was revealed recently report by Archibald Black and Donald Madonna in River Gljon, were forced out They were barely alive when they reached the fresh air, and It waa the opinion of officers that large numbers of the rodents never lived to reach the top. rattlesnake la The diamond-bac- k fare service. moat bulky of all venomous snakes, the The rocky hills around San Marcos and the virulence of Its poison makes have long been a haven for diamond-bacrattlesnakes, and every spring It a dreaded enemy wherever It exthey are a terror to farmers and ist rancher Texas residents, especially those In the southwestern part of the Man Made $50 Weekly by state, are watching with Interest the outcome of Major H&lloran's experiRobbing Church Poor Box New York. Hls business of robbing a means for ments, of exterminatif ing the rattler can be worked out, an church poor boxes, according to police, Inuluable service will have been landed Louia McCauley In Jail. Ha doiiK waa arrested while robbing a poor box That the poison gas used In the first In a wealthy church. McCauley la said to have confessed experiment sank into the most remote recesses of the cave Is Indicated that he obtained about $50 each week by the fact that, several large rats by hls looting. PLAN TO EQUIP PLANES BeEngineers Say Fast Trains tween New York and Chicago Face Competition. Crowns of Spanish of a headway of CO planes a day being reached in 15 or 20 years after the start of operation and It la quite for this headway to be reached in as little aa ten year At least one commercial line will be operating a packet service between New York and Chicago within the next two to five year according to the report, which soya night air service could practically eliminate competing night-letttelegraph service for distances up to about 1,200 mile The most logical development, It add would be for the railroads and telegraph companies to take over the development of airplane transportation nnd conduct It parallel with their other activities. poe-slb- le B. Black, aeronautical engineers of Garden City. L. L, at the forty-fourt- h nnPiiBi meeting of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers at 29 street West Thirty-nint- h Railroads are on the verge of air competition that seriously will menace train traffic, the rethri1 extra-far- e port declare and this competition will appear between New York and Chicago when costs can be brought down An Inventor has developed a tripod by a headway of at least 50 airplanes attachment that permits a photogdally each way. "It would seem, the report atate rapher to take stereoscopic views with "that there la a reasonable probability an ordinary camera. er self-defen- e. leg-ban- nt |