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Show LEW FREE PRESS, LEHI, UTAH National NATIONAL CAPITAL By Carter Field FAMOUS WASHINGTON CORRESPOKDE Just one more Washington. change on the Supreme court bench land folks will begin wondering why 'President Roosevelt thought last January that any packing was nec- 'essary! Yet two or three more changes are almost certain within a iyear. The court now stands as follows: Left: Brandeis, Cardozo, Stone, Black. Middle: Hughes, Roberts. Right: Sutherland, liutkr, , So that to obtain a favorable five to four decision, any question need only have a sufficient approach to being within the realm of federal powers to win the votes of one of the two middle of the roaders to be assured of victory. Which is the more significant when it is realized that Black takes the place of Justice VanDevanter, who belonged in the extreme "right" division. So that the difference is that the three remaining conservatives, Sutherland, Butler and McReynolds, must now win the support of both of the middle of the roaders, Hughes and Roberts, in order to win. Both middle of the roaders will probably serve on the court for a long time, but all three of the conservatives are headed for retirement in the near future. As a matter of fact, if there were not the present bitter conflict all three would have retired at the end of the term in June. This is regarded as an undeniable fact by personal friends of the three justices. It has also been well known for some time that Justice Brandeis would like to retire. Retirement of of Brandeis, course, would not be much of a o change. True, Brandeis, with and every other member of the court, voted the NRA out the window. Whereas Senator Black, not only publicly, but in his private conversations, denounced the court for that decision. But even if President Roosevelt had been granted his six justice increase last January it would not have affected the NRA case, assuming that precisely the same question could have been presented to the enlarged court. For apparently nine justices would have voted as they did before, and the new six, presumably, would have voted as the man who appointed them wanted. That would have left it nine to six against the new version of NRA. In the pickiig of Black, of course, the President came pretty close as clos as it was humanly possible to come in calculating, ahead to avoiding a fight in the senate on confirmation. Obviously any lawyer who had expressed the views on economic questions that Black has would have encountered a tremendous fight. So if Roosevelt wants to fill the vacancies sure to come in a few months by men holding Black's views, he will probably name other senators! Car-doz- Cotton Plan Wrong President Roosevelt is not ex- plaining the real reasons why he consented to cotton loans after so positively telling the neVspaper men that there would be no loans without crop control legislation. But the tremendously important thing about the whole business is that from the point of view of the economist invoking the law of supply and demand, both the President and the senators and representatives who forced government cotton loans over his protest, are wrong. Either the President's plan or the plan of the congressmen will lead inevitably to disaster for the South, in the opinion of every disinterested expert who has studied the situation. Either plan would lead to holding the price of cotton up to 12 cents a pound or better. In fact, either plan aims at putting the price higher than that. Under the "parity price" theory, the price of cotton should be about 17 cents a pound. This "parity price" figure is determined by measuring the buying power of a pound of cotton over the years from 1909 to 1914 the period immediately preceding the outbreak of the World war. The point is, how many cents a pound would cotton have to be now, or at any given time in order to buy the same amount of other commodities that the average sales price of cotton would have bought in this period? If prices go up, of course, the "parity price" moves up with them. Presumably the whole effort of the administration should be to maintain this "parity price." Well, that is a very pleasant thing for a cotton farmer to contemplate, if he doesn't think of anything else. But there are a few other things which, if he does any reading or thinking in his off moments, might cause some dilution of his joy in thinking about the maintenance of this "parity price." It is an uncontrovertcd fact that Brazil can produce cotton at 6 cents of pound barely over ' 1909-191- 4 one-thir- d M Resources Committee Recommends Careful Planning to Take Fullest Advantage of Scientific Innovations. By WILLIAM this ' parity pr.ee " It is also an uncontroverted fact that Brazil has a tremendous acreage not yet diverted to cotton an acreage big enough to supply the entire world with cotton, for that ir. alter. Brazil has already expanded her cotton production something like ten times es much as such optimists on the domestic cotton situation as Secretary of Commerce Daniel C. Roper thought s1 e could three years ago. Like many othirs, Roper simply would not believe the reports that United States consuls in Brazil were sending him. A national magazine sent a cotton expert from New Orleans down to Brazil to study the situation. lie confirmed the consular reports, but still optimism about the domestic cotton situation radiated in Washington. It further happens that Germany lias been busy at work developing a substitute for cotton. So long as the world price is high, the Germans will work constantly at that problem. They can produce cotton substitute now, but the price is too high. But they are confident they can eventually get the cost of production down. The terrible part of the whole business is that once Brazil has increased her production sufficiently, or been joined by enough other cheap producers, there is very little the United States government can do. The world will be supplied with cotton from sources other than the United States, and at a price below the cost of production in every state east of the Mississippi river. In fact, there are only two states, Texas and Oklahoma, which can then continue cotton growing at a profit. OUR country C. IT LEY miht have a vastly different scene if, at the turn of the present century, the government had been able to foresee the development of the telephone, the automobile, the airplane, tht motion picture, rayon and radio !L il hi 1 citi-en- s, one vote. In this case, however, Pat had a local reason to fight. Many of his Mississippi constituents work in the refineries at New Orleans. Pat did not want them to lose their jobs through the government literally closing these refineries down. So he offered a "compromise" which would get around the idea of American discriminating against citizens. This compromise would simply provide that all existing refineries could refine sugar up to their previous maximums. This would keep the domestic refineries regoing and permit the fineries to do just what they had been doing, but would close the door to new offshore refineries. olf-ho- ie WNU Service. about The State of the World. If 1 1 t j SCOTT'S J r 't v v 1 ; I Jf, 1 I- P .id. -- ill hd "MM Likewise, if we today can foresee the future development of some inventions we already l.ae and some we probably will have, then v.e will be equipped to bu!d for V I " j SANTA MONICA, CAJjr in Montreal a vete en showman says he- tai with chimpanzees in tfo. own language. I with ht" ' ask one of his chip ar, pals what he thinks abut present setup of civiluatio; Because I can't find any hurt;. The pre wtio agree as to where v.? all igregation going and what trie ing. chances are of get- "H I hi ting there. In fact, the only two who ap- pear to be certain about it are young Mr. Corcoran and young Mr. Cohen, and they seem to hesitate at times not much, but just a i 3" vXc i teeny-ween- One of the most important inventions which will be developed in the next few years is the mechanical cotton picker, shown at left. Another is television; a broadcast is shown above. bi y t p jw Tthistown, After a J y L 3tatcd'.e,v xop oi n P "'Imoa, shoi of liquor -- U 1uiuh ii ' jg, , Then h which is disconcertdmi lowing n to wiU pleS the mind. ing lay is. Cobt Irvin We are likely to lose 4Shajj W( confidence even In a comet onces OJ start, wobbling on us. I'm also upset by a statemea from England's greatest star-gaithey call him the astronomer roj. al, which, by coupling it with ti royal family, naturally gives astros. omy a great social boost in England and admits it to the best circles. He says the moon is clear off iti mathematically prescribed course. -- g t; , - vi ft- iH.i - v- - f ,1.1 E'&IriV'f One reason the big controversy over sugar is so confusing to the average reader that he just skips over it is that nobody is really saying what he means. Every one involved has motives, but they are not talking about them. They talk about something else. President Roosevelt and Secretary of the Interior Harold L. Ickes are working in the interest of the island producers Hawaii, Puerto Rico and the Virgin islands. Senator Pat Harrison, of Mississippi, chairman of the senate finance committee, and those following him are working in the interests of the sugar refiners in continental United States. Roosevelt and Ickes want to put no limit on the amount of sugar that may be refined in the islands. They claim that to do s6 would be to discriminate against American as these islands are all part of the United States. But the simple fact is that labor is cheaper on the islands. So that if their production were not restricted and as there is of course no tariff on the sugar they send to the United States the ultimate result would be that every refinery now working in continental United Slates would be closed down. In fact, this is perfectly known to Ickes, who professes a desire to see work provided in new refineries, particularly in the Virgin islands, his special charge. Roosevelt has developed a keen interest in the welfare of the poor people of Puerto Rico, etc. Underlying this, however, is something else. Roosevelt and Ickes just happen to dislike intensely the "economic royalists" who Own the sugar refineries in this country, particularly in Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Louisiana. This feeling probably started off against a few of them, but as the fight grew hot it spread to them all. Roosevelt has used plenty of adjectives in describing the "lobby" which was trying to get congress not to strangle the domestic refining industry. In fact, he permitted newspaper men to quote him to the broad general effect that it was one of the most pernicious and wicked outfits working against the cause of the people. Pat Harrison, however, has certainly proved a thorn in the administration's side on this issue. Down in his heart Pat has not forgiven the President for defeating him 'for Democratic leader of the senate. There is no doubt, whatever, of course, that it was Roosevelt's influence which elected Alben W. Barkley, of Kentucky, over Pat by I - , Soft Pedal Sugar Fi3ht C Hell Syndlcute. ft A PEEK AT TOMORROWS INVENTIONS !??at SEEN and HEARD V around tfie j ourselves and our posterity a fuller existence. This, according to the federal national resources committee, is the reason for its recent 450,000-wor- d report on the "social implications of new inventions." The report, says President Roosevelt, "holds out hope that we can anticipate some of the effects of major inventions and make plans to meet new situations that will arise as these new inven-- j tions come into widespread use." With this White House benedic-- i tion, it is expected that the recom-- : r.endations of the laborious docu-- ! ment will become a guidepost for the planning to prevent or reduce future depressions with their economic maladjustments and social upheavals, that characterizes the New Deal. Cites Thirteen Inventions. To apply its theories, the committee recommends that another committee, to be known as the natural resources board, be created. This would be a sort of "technological telescope," which would constantly peer ' into the future and predict what scientific advances would be made. Its qualified observers would be commissioned to the work of the many special planning boards which exist in 47 states, 400 counties and 1,100 cities. This board and the many other planning boards throughout the nation ought immediately to concern themselves with the study of 13 inventions, the report declares. These are the mechanical cotton picker, equipment, plastics, c the cell, artificial cotton and woolen-likfibers made from cellulose, synthetic rubber, houses, television, prefabricated facsimile transmission, the automobile trailer, gasoline produced from aircraft planes and coal, steep-fligtray agriculture. Dr. William F. Ogburn, director of research for the report, tells a few of the ways in which governments, individuals and industries suffered because they failed to foresee the development of certain industries. "Highways are too narrow," he contends. "The metropolitan area could have been planned better; much crime could have been prevented. Industries could have been located to better advantage." Here he injected a little of the political philosophy of the present administration. "The growing inadequacies of small local governments could have been foreseen," he said, "and the transfer of some of their functions to a more capable centralized government would have been facilitatlong-ter- m photo-electri- e ht ed. Century's Most Important Invention. "The question that naturally arises is: Will the second third of the Twentieth century sec the rise of such great industries based on new inventions ns was seen in the first third? There may very well be equally significant inventions during the next phase of our national growth as in the one just concluded. 'Tor instance, all are agreed that one such invention is the electron tube, said to be the greatest invention of the Twentieth century. Its most brilliant form is the photoelectric cell, popularly known as the electric eye. "This eye sees everything that the human eye can see and more. It is even said to be able to detect certain types of counterfeit money. It will distinguish colors better than human beings can do. "When it is joined with another form of the electron tube, the vacuum tube, it becomes able to act on what it sees. Thus it sees a waitress approaching a door with trays in both hands and at once swings the door open for her to pass. "Unlike a human being, it does not suffer from fatigue. For instance, in a factory it can watch the tin cans go by on a belt, pick out the defective ones, letting only the good ones go by. This monotonous work can be done without strain for as long hours as the manager wishes. Find New Uses Constantly. "That it will cause unemployment is obvious, but it will also lighten the tasks of the workmen. Indeed! it brings the automatic factory and the automatic man one step closer. It may be used to regulate automobile traffic, to measure the density of smoke, to time horse racing, to read, to perform mathematical calculations. "Hardly a month passes without some new use of the photoelectric cell being reported. Indeed it will require decades to learn the many things this versatile instrument can do. "There are other such now inventionsinventions which will carry the nation on to even greater achievement during the years to come. "The full effects of artificial fibers have not yet been felt. The influence of the airplane has just begun. "Even the familiar telephone will have many new and profound effects, when long distance telephoning becomes more widespread, upon the distribution of population between metropolis and smaller city, upon the physical separation of management control from production, upon remote controls in general. Trailer May Alter Living. "The telephone wire may be used to record messages, bulletins, even newspapers, in the home and office. "Nor are the influences of the very common automobile matters of past history either. The new scial and economic unit of population called the metropolitan area, so encouraged by the automobile, is in its infancy, while the trailer may be destined to change the habits of living and working of vast numbers of the people." Dr. Ogburn points out that there is little advantage in planning the use or distribution of our natural resurces unless we know what uses technologists will find for them. We must be able to foresee whether oil will be made from coal, whether plastics will take the place of wood, whether alcohol will be used as a motor fuel, whether more foodstuffs will be produced chemically. "The nation now faces the second third of the Twentieth century," he says. "What may be expected of technological development? "How will be the effects of the mechanical cotton picker? Will the surplus labor of the South flood the northern and western cities? Will the governments plan and act in time, once the spread of this invention is certain? "The influence on negroes may be catastrophic. Farm tenancy will be affected. The political system of the southern states may be greatly altered. "In another field, science has gone far on the road to producing artificial climate in all its aspects, which may have effects on the distribution of population, upon health, upon production and upon the transformation of the night into day. Talking Books for Blind. "Then again television may become widely distributed, placing theaters into millions of homes and increasing even more the already astounding possibilities of propaganda to be imposed on a none too critical human race. "Talking books may come as a boon to the blind, but with revolutionary effects upon libraries and which, together with the talking picture and television, may affect radically schools and the educational process. "The variety of alloys gives to metals amazing adaptabilities to the purposes of man. "The use of chemistry in the production of new objects in contrast to the use of mechanical fabrication on the basis of power continues to develop with remarkable rapidity, in the production of oil, of woolen-lik- e fibers, of substitutes for wood, and of agencies f destruction. "So the immediate future will see the. application of new scientific discoveries, that will bring not only enticing prospects but uncertainties and difficulties as well." The report continued: "The developments which lower inside temperatures during hot weather may or rmay not within the next generation affect Southern cities and stimulate the growth of factories in warmer regions. "Or again, tray agriculture, which produces a high yield per plant when the roots are suspended in a tray of liquid chemicals instead of in the soil, may or may not be used sufficiently to be of much social significance within the reader's lifetime." Technological Unemployment. The report said that while new inventions often save labor and therefore cut down the number of jobs, their developments often require new industries, creating new-jobs- date." One of the greatest necessities for planning in anticipation of the development of inventions arises in the time lag between the birth of an invention and its full application, the report declares. It points out that for the 19 inventions voted most useful and introduced between 1883 and 1913 the following intervals were an average: Between the time the invention was conceived (which may have been centuries before) and the first working model or patent, 176 years; from that point to the first practical use, 24 years; thence to commercial success, 14 years; and to important use, 12 years, making it roughly 50 years from the first real work on the invention. "The time lag between the first development and the full use of an invention is often a period of great social and economic maladjustment, as, for example, the delay in the adoption of workmen's compensation and the institution of 'safety first' campaigns after the introduction of rapidly moving steel ma. chines," the report said. "This lag emphasized the need for planning in regard to inventions." t) Western Newspaper Union. , were pages carrying dis patches saying the adjustment of Great Britain's defaulted debt waj just around the corner. Economist! and financiers had discussed terms of settlement. Figures were quoted mainly figures calling for big reductions on our part, but never mind that. They were figures anyhow. Lately the papers have been strangely silent on the subject. Perhaps you remember the old story told on the late John Sharp Williams, who frequented a game at Washington where sportive states men played poker for heavy stakes mostly with those quaint little fictional products called I. O. U.'s at mediums of exchange. Early one morning a fellow senator mpt the famous Mississippian session. coming from an "I certainly mopped up," he proclaimed. "I won $3,000 and what'! more, $8.75 of it was in cash." "Jack her pet . 'Now , black si Little Into th ipuzzled : "Mot some p o pooi "I gt replied Bobb then a; iioned A ( throug all-nig- scripti came dead, Sera Autumn Millinery. TUST as the poor, bewildered v males are becoming reconciled to the prevalent styles in women's hats, up bobs a style creator in New York warning us that what we've thus far endured is merely a foretaste of what's coming. In other words, we ain't seen nothin'! For autumn, he predicts a quaint number with a slanted peak fifteen inches high, which, I take it will make the wearer lopk like a refugee trying to escape from under a collapsing pagoda. Another is a turban entirely composed of rooster feathers. A matching coat of rooster feath-- . ers goes with this design. But in the old days they used hot tar. A third model features for its a series of kalsomine brushes sticking straight up. Naturally, the hat itself will imitate a barrel of whitewash. But the gem of all is a structure of Scotch plaid. Can you imagine anything more becoming to your lady wife than an effect suggesting that she's balancing a bag on her brow? marke "He ji Usseh Rec i hear Bro I now r i Rec Bro ; lish, i Irish, Re story , ' Cit . ong: er dainty-globula- Vi ue i Al-mo- you in d hot-wat- er Olhe . "The question whether there will large amount of unemployment during the next period of business prosperity rests only in part on the introduction of new inventions and more efficient industrial techniques," says the report. "For instance, even if industrial techniques remained the same, the volume of production would have to be greater in the future than in 1029 in order to absorb the increase in the working population and keep unemployment to the level of that be a - Cash Versus I. O. t'.'s. VNLY a few weeks ago the front "McGufTcyisms." '"pHE lieutenant-governo- r of Ohio urges a return to "McGuffey-ism- " for settling modern problems. Twas in a McGuffey reader that I met those prize half-wit- s of literaturethe Spartan boy who let the fox gnaw his vitals; the chuckle-headeyouth who stood on the burning deck; the congenial idiot who climbed an alp in midwinter while wearing nothing but a night shirt and carrying a banner labeled "Excelsior" in order to freeze to death; the skipper who, when the ship was sinking, undertook to calm the passengers by but wait, read the immortal lines: "We are lost!" the captain shouted. As he staggered down the stair. And then the champion of all the Dutch lad who discovered a leak in the dyke so he stuck his wrist in the crevice and all night stayed there. In the morning, when an early riser came along and asked what was the general idea, the heroic urchin said but let me quot the exact language of the book: " 'I am hindering the sea from running in,' was the simple reply of the child." I'll tell the world! Simple? Nothing could be simpler except am authority on hydraulics who figures that, when the Atlantic ocean starts boring through a crack in a mud wall, you can hold it back by using one small Dutch boy's arm for o stopper. - irvin s. conn. loo 4ic 1 di Vs I tii! .re io 1 I t Western Newsp.ipor Union. h Cabot Discovered Nova Scotia Nova Scotia was discovered by Cabot in 1437. In 1G04 the country was settled by the French, whi called it Acadia. It became British in 1713. 1 |