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Show I LEHI FREE PRESS. LEHI. UTAH Philippine Independence Won j After Struggle of Centuries j around the j National Capital j km ' ' i 'V ' i . . ; 1 jf i.,m. President Roosevelt Handing Signed Philippine Constitution to Manuel Quezon, President of the Philippine Senate. Inset, Emillo Aguinaldo, Who May Be a Candidate for President X I N By WILLIAM C. UTLEY 1S98i wlien Admiral Dewey'i guns had hardly concluded their pronouncement that America had become a world power, and the echoes were still rumbling over Ma Blla bay, the 10,000,000 inhabitants of tfca Philippines were already demand' lng complete political Independence. Ten years from this coming Fourth of July they may get it at last, after a long struggle, both physical and diplo matle. President Franklin D. Roose velt signed his name in Ink to the con stltotlon of the new Philippine gov eminent. So did Manuel Quezon, pres ident of the Island senate. Six weeks before that, members of the Philippine house of representatives signed It, one of them In his own blood. Philippine Independence has, not al ways been our worry. The struggle bad its beginning centuries before the United States ever existed. The story really opens, s far as the white race Is concerned. In the year 1521, when Fernando Magellan, that most Irrepressible of all gadabouts, "discovered" the archipelago of the eastern Pacific. It may be well Im agined that Skipper Magellan's heart lea, with many moons on the open sea having depleted their food supply to the extent that the dinner menu con listed of fricassee of leather riggings and boiled tongue (of shoe), hailed the Islands with delight The native rice and sugar, which would have been just another Tuesday night dessert at Mrs. Gomez' Seaman's home back In sunny Spain, must have looked to them like ft banquet for the gods. Senor Magellan is still there, but not ' because he fell in love with the seen' ery. He was killed by natives on ths Island of Mactan. And what remained of his crew continued around the globe without him. When the boys got back home they were pretty much the toasts of their respective communities and were In vlted to address the local Klwanis and Rotary and the Iberian equivalent of what we call the Hot Stove league. Egged on with bribes of hot tamales and .rare Oastilllan wines, they were se- not above spellbinding wide-eyenorltas with reluctant admissions of their daring deeds. Mixed In with their revelations there was probably a little truth and the word eventually got out that there were Philippine Islands somewhere In the Pacific, say about two mutinies and three famines out from Barcelona, Bullied the Natives. At any rate, Spanish sailors of the next generation again found the Phil ippines, and began bullying the na tives Into submission In 15R gaining complete control In 1570. It is doubtful If these Spaniards knew, or body else( knew until the Rand McNal- ly map makers got busy, that their new colonial holdings Included 7,083 Is lands two of them, Luzon and Mindanao, 40,000 and 38,000 square miles In area, and nine others more than 1,000 square miles apiece. However, Filipinos, like elephants, never forget, and the Idea of complete Independence kept rankling In their minds for quite a spell until In 1SDC it swelled forth in open revolt under Emillo Aguinaldo. The Spanish rulers pacified Senor Aguinaldo with threats, promises and goodness knows ho?, many pesetas, and he and his principal henchmen retired to the heterogeneous obscurity of Hong Kong in 1807, there to plan their subsequent revolt of 1S08. In that year America won the war with Spain and Spain ceded the Islands to the United States for $!X,000,000. The Filipinos thought they ought to be given Independence at that time, and when they failed to get it they broke ont again and were not pacified until stout-hearte- d d July 4, 1001. The United States still later arrestemovement by granting them an autonomous government under the Jones act of 1910. The Islanders were quick to offer their aid to the United States In the World war, and as soon as It was over began a consistent petitioning for Independence which has never subsided, Must Wait Ten Years. They made some headway In December of 10:12. when congress passed the d! an Independence Hawes Cutting bill. This provided that, subject to the approval of the bill by the Philippine legislature, the Islands would be allowed to draw up a republican constitution which would have to be acceptable both to them and to the President of the United States. Then, after a period of ten years, the Islands would be granted complete independence. During the ten years, exports and the number of Philippine Immigrants to the United States would be restricted. After that the Islands were to be outside the American tariff walL President' Hoover vetoed the bill January 13, 1933, on the grounds that It had been selfishly planned to protect American agriculture againlt Philippine labor and products; It did not satisfactorily discharge American re sponslblllty towards the Islanders, who were unready for Independence ("Economic independence of the Philippines must be attained before political in dependence can be successful" was the way he put It) ; and It would lay the Islands open to the dangers of turbu lent conditions In the Far East Con gress overrode the veto four days la ter. The Philippine legislature rejected the bill nine months afterward. The new constitution was prepared under the conditions of the Tydlngs McDuffle bill, which was passed by the last congress and signed by President Roosevelt. Its chief differences from the Jones act are In the manner In which It allows the Islands a gradual iy Increased dosage of economic divorcement from the United States for their people to taste before they de ciue unauy 10 cut away an ties on July 4, 19-1- At present all Philippine exports to the United States come in duty free. ine Tydlngs McDuffle bill provides that in the sixth year of the r commonwealth period a duty of 5 per cent will be levied. This will be grad ten-yea- uated annually until nt the end of Ave years the duty would be 25 per cent. Economic experts are generally of the opinion that this would cut terrifically into rnmppine exports, some even con tending that the islands would be economically ruined even before they gatneu their complete independence. Varied Resources. i frv. a lie nutu i nuiinmies are not, as many folks in the metropolitan centers of the states might believe, a nation of elevator operators, bus boys and pro fessional ping pong players. They ruise gre; quantities or rice, sugar cane, hemp, mnnlla, coconut, corn, to bacco and maguey. Their forestry. fishing and mining is Important They manufacture sugar, cocoa, coconut oil, cigars and cigarettes, chocolate and coffee. In 1S9T;, before the American market was opened ' up to them, the exports totaled about $19,000,000. In 1929 it had reached $104,000,000, although everything but sugar slumped to a considerable degree during the depres sion that followed. While only 3 per cent of the exports reached the United States before the islands became an American possession, CI per cent of them are today sold In American markets. The present agreement Is not what the Philippines have long hoped for, but In their enthusiasm they have ap parently decided it Is about ail they will get, for In the Island plebiscite which followed the signing of the con stitution by President Roosevelt, they approved the document by an over whelming vote. Women voted for the first time in the history of an oriental country, as the result of a bill passed by the legislature last December and signed by Gov. Gen. Frank Murphy, former mayor of Detroit The new Philippine constitution. which now becomes effective as soon as the existing government Is terminat ed by a proclamation of President Roosevelt, Is much like our own Con stitution, with the following Important differences : The president may serve only one term, six years. He can veto any part of any bill. The legislature, with two minor exceptions, cannot appropriate more money than his budget calls for. The vice president Is ft member of the cabinet, and cabinet members may speak before the legislature. There will be only one legislative body, the assembly. In times of war or other great national emergency It can vote to make the president a dictator. The Supreme court will have CARTER FIELD r the third time, In court the NUA decision, the Supreme a congress for to tried, diagram has aecomphsh can It pattern by which LuUl the desired New Deal reforms. effort Utile very been now there has court to meet the ideas of the h ph he. must on there now But from Until no u.any New Dealers have been savin? privately that the high What court would change Us tune. there that is meant they really have would be a change in the court within con-- i a year, and the slender five to four WashlEgtoiL-F- ! ' V t SEEN- -' HEARD or fcervative lead would be wiped out But in the NRA decision the court was unanimous. There has been a very apparent drift, even among the liherals of the curt, toward for progressive leglsla-- i which the tion on majority insisted in the decision throwing out the oil code, but to which so little attention was as paid. Also toward another diagram to authority revealed in the decision on railroad pensions. The court is very positive about the method in which decisions must be made by such bodies as the interstate commerce commission, the NRA, the AAA, the federal trade commission, etc. In each case, to put It In simple language, the body making a decision must conduct a fact finding Investigation. It must recite the facts, recite the powers granted it by law, and then announce its findings. This last word is very Important The Supreme court thinks a lot of it The main purpose behind all this Is to force congress to be very specific indeed about powers granted, to set up limits, and to specify who shall make the fact finding investigations and pronounce the "findings." the eleven Justices, automatically retired Follows Court's Ideas who can declare a law or If all the other governmental bodies treaty unconstitutional by a would study the decisions of the L C. majority vote. C, they would discover that the railWomen to Vote on Suffrage. road regulating body has been strictly will complying with the court's Ideas for Literate men over twenty-onbe allowed to vote. A plebiscite will these many years. As a result the be held in two years on woman sufnumber of times the I: C C. has gotfrage, and If 300,000 women vote for It ten its fingers burned by a reversing they will be given the right of suf- court decision has been so small as to be almost Inconsequential. frage. All natural resources are to become There has been a lot of loose talk the property of the state, not to be since the decision of the court, as to leased for longer than 25 years. The whether the effort would be to Invali state may operate and establish indus- date this or that, and to make rewrit tries and systems of communfeation ing this or that essential. Roughly, and transportation. In the Interests of the court pattern would require the re national defense. The state will pro- drafting of most of the New Deal legis tect labor and regulate relations be- latlon, but that part of It Is generally tween landlords and tenants and be- recognized. Wrhat Is not so generally tween labor and capital. It may pro- appreciated is that the New Deal agen vide for compulsory arbitration. cles must reform their methods of pro Treaties will be ratified by a major- cedure. ity of the assembly, and that body They must conduct fact finding In alone may declare war. vestigations. Granted this is done, Although the plebiscite on May 14 and the story of the Investigation is was a landslide In favor of the new told In the final decision, there is no constitution, It was held In the wake disposition on the part of the high of an uprising which was the bloodiest court to go behind the record as to the the islands had seen In 15 years. There accuracy of these findings. So it is were several actual battles. Constabu not a question of heckling the NRA, lary officers' ultimately quelled the up or the TVA, or the AAA as to whether rising, Dut not until 61 rebels were It has the facts correctly. dead and 54 rebels and 10 constabuBut it must state them, it must state laries wounded. Quezon and Murphy the power under which it acts, and were In the United States at the time. must then present Its findings. uissatistaction witn the trade reTo some observers this fixed purpose on the part of the Supreme court may quirement of the Tydings-McDufflbill was one of the things upon which seem rather captious. But to the court the revolt was blamed. It Is thought it is enormously Important. The court in many circles that the Filipinos has made rather clear why It wants will not be so anxious for independence the decisions made in this way. In the as they are now, when 1945 rolls first place, it gives anyone objecting to around. If the bill is followed to the them a chance for lodging an effectual letter. protest, either by attacking the powers Economic Future. under which the action is taken, or by A congressional committee headed attacking the record of fact finding as by Senator Millard F. Tydlngs of revealed, or the conclusions reached of the bill, has from that fact finding. Maryland, In short, the Supreme court forjust returned from the Islands with recommendations which will probably mula gives the constitutional right of provide material for a study of their appeal a reality, which under the economic future. The bill calls for a methods pursued by the NRA and cerconference on that subject one year tain other New Deal agencies was and before the commonwealth period ex- Is not present. pires, but it Is probable that this will Up to Soldier Lobby take place at an earlier date. The final outcome, It Is thought, will Wliat happens now on the soldier result In one of the following possi bonus depends, absolutely, on the solbilities: dier lobby. Col. John Thomas Taylor, (1) Complete Independence, exactly his advisers and his superiors in the as proposed, which will Involve (ac- Legion organization, will determine, cording to most authorities) economic within fairly sharply defined limits, ruin and probable absorption of the what will be done. Philippines by "an Oriental power." If they want to, they can put over (2) Independence, exchanging tariff something very close to the preference to the Islands f6r free en Harrison compromise. At the time this try of American goods. compromise was first proposed, Sena(3) Dominion government of the Is tor Harrison stated that President lands, allowing them trade preference, Roosevelt would sign it but keeping a political string attached Whether the President would sign to them. It If passed now, following his veto's The Islands are determined to have being sustained. Is something else Independence, complete and at any again. New elements enter into it For cost, according to Quezon, who has example, If the Harrison plan had been In It for In fought diplomatic circles accepted when proposed, the President this country for many years, served as might have been able to convince the president of the Island senate since conservatives he wants to stay with In will 1910, and all likelihood he Its hlra that otherwise he might have had first president. the bonus but intlation forced The dapper little diplomat, some on him. where about sixty years of age, adne can no longer make that defense mitted that his nation was setting out to opponents of the bonus. So It is on a great adventure and would probentirely possible that the President ably make mistakes. might veto the Harrison bill, If passed "What nation does not?" he asked. now. But we have been prepared for our But the narrlson bill could be adventure by a great republic. We over the veto with ease. There passed have trusted you in the past and have Is no argument about the house. That been rewarded for our trust We have ds body gave far above the madepended upon you and we have not for the Patraan bill. So the jority been disappointed. We know that we whole case rests In the senate. can count upon you In the future." Now the truth is that the apparent Mentioned as a possible candidate to of margin oppose Quezon for the presidency Is dent had Ineight votes, which the Presisustaining his veto In the Agn'.naldo, the same Emillo Aguinaldo was padded somewhat It was who led the revolts and guerilla war- senate, not a firm margin. For example, close fare more than thirty years ago. friends of both Senator Pope of Idaho Quezon then was hi trusted lieutenant and Coolldge of Massachusetts report C Wttra N(Mtpr Unloa. that each of these senators told the! at seventy, two-third- s e e d not-onl- y two-thir- .idlers that if they could muster with enough votes to override the veto tht-i- r votes, they would vote for tie bonus. Otherwise not Both, as a luatter of fact, voted for the ratinan ( bill on its first passage. I . Train in w fn i "loifiers Essentia!, S.Tl I .J This may not be the possible world, but It is a man's world. Kicks From Home Institutions, law. continues to Reports iriso are that Senator Oiavei nd -- virile- are Ler'le , of New Mexico has had so much kickand to designate one susing from his state, on his vote to nIs a major r4 reproaeb. tain the veto that he would feel And as what about cm measure a such for f vote obliged to the Harrison compromise if It were put my considered and honest that the averag, woman forward, veto or no veto. unfit to bring up with on to go fLUd"JlI not Is necessary It should she be fit' se Obthe point. names to substantiate avoid cated In school and coHeS viously the Harrison bill would made by man. she went out into the attack two of the jH.ints of and worked like 4 man-w- her. 1 the I'resiileut in bis veto message. In there time or of tT!! only opportune effect, it provides for payment to bring up her joun-present value of the bonus certificates, Do you hire anybody off that President's point thus meeting the to make and automS $750 invested now in a government Or train your race horse? vl f 1945 In would $1,(i0 bond produce permit any woman with a mall when the bonus certificates i.re due. lieense to mother an, tend thvZ no Also the Harr:su compromise has If women are to do 1 nrintins press money provision. These satisfying with their anything home be r would tni limmrt.-mdifferences tun Aran thn must amm " to those enough to change isei atorial approval their own free will, hf recogulzinj rollfrom the 54 to 40 veto sustaining favoring their ambitions. im,,r mtelllgenc call to more than From the bilL uiueu .uen." At ty j Privately, everybody on Capitol Hill is tn.iu.-this The onlv Question whether the Legionalres want to push BOYS! GlRist their advantage now, or whether they Kead the Grape Nuts art in .JtA think It would be better strategy to column of this v.I paper and wait until the eve of election next to Join the Dizzy Dean Winnerg ail year. m vaiuauie iree prizes. Adv. By waiting they could probably get a little more cash for the soldiers. By Anger a Handican taking a little less now they would be Anger openly expressed can sure. Naturally the representatives of a man poor. the Legion are not loath to have some thing to keep on battling for. It jus tifies their existence. Not to mention their salaries. True, it is generally believed that as soon as the bonus has been finally disposed of the Legionalres will start nn nenslon legislation. lUt they do not like to talk about that J" A 3) H rJ tender at MCI two-third- s rtk. mitred. a i, G. O. P. Not Jubilant Old heads among the Republican leaders there are a few despite the fact that for one reason or another they do not seem to loom as possible candidates are not as jubilant about the terrible jolting the administration has been getting from the Supreme court as most published interviews would have one believe. There are two reasons for their pes simismso far as G. O. P. advantage One from the situation is concerned. Is that they know perfectly well Frank lin D. Roosevelt Is a very resourceful Derson. They know that within ft short time he will evolve some sort of substitute program. They know that the big propaganda machine of the ad ministration will do a swell Job In tell lng the people about Its possibilities. And they are not sure that it will ba demonstrated to be a flop in time to head off Roosevelt's They are perfectly sure in their own minds that no program can be drafted to accomplish the New Deal alms par ticularly as to planned economy, government control of production, etc. which will not Involve a drastic revis ing of the Constitution. But they are not sure the people will be convinced of this before election Their minds go back to the first days of NRA, to all the enthusiasm about shorter hours, raising minimum pay scales, eliminating child labor, benefit lng manufacturers and other employ ers by checkmating the chlseler, per and temporarily mitting forgetting about the anti trust laws. Few, indeed, were the Republican leaders in those days who dared attack the whole scheme, either as unconstitutional or undesirable. Even those who privately disapproved the whole thing knew that It would not only be foolish, politically, but, coming from Republicans, might even be regarded as rather unpatriotic partizanship. For it could certainly be attacked as tending to prevent what then seemed to many as the only proposal to get the country out of the depression from having a chance to succeed. Hlffngrojt (pieman ItJCTA IMITIO"" M MT I Iron the easy way In d lot tbnt with the Coleman. Iron in comfort any place. It'a entirely aelf heating. Nocordj orwirea. No weary, endless trips betwea hot atove and ironing: board. Maksjita owngaa. Burns 96 air. Lights instantly no pre-- h eating. Operating cost only Yi4 an honr. See your local dealer at writ for FREE folder. one-thir- -- THE COLEMAN L WOI1S . LAMP cV STOVE CO. WlefcKa. CUeisa. IU4 OeRcfoas kidneys function WHEN suffer backache, badly mJ dizziness, burning, scanty or too frequent urination, getting up at night, swollen feet and ankles; feel upset and miserable use Doan'i Pills. Doan's are especially for poorly working kidneys. Millions of boxes are used every year. They are recommended by users the country over. Ask your neighbor! ... SALT LAKE'S NEWEST HOSTELRY Oar lobby Is delightfully air cooled daring the summer montlu Radio tor Every Room 200 Rooms 200 Baths 1 Seems Strange Now This view animated public opinion very generally when General Johnson was emitting blasts in the first blush of his enthusiasm. Which seems strange now in view of the chorus of approval for the Supreme court de- cision. So what the skeptics among Republican leaders are worried about today that something approaching that situation may be attained when the administration starts on Its new tack. The other angle for their pessimism is they fear a big reaction from the present wave of satisfaction over the court verdicts. They fear that the strikes now threatening, and various other conditions that may arise, may turn public sentiment all around within the next six months or more. Involved In this is a rather interesting psychological factor. If the Supreme court decision had been 5 to 4, it Is reasonable to assume that the New Dealers would be almost hysterl-cal at the moment In denouncing the "reactionary majority" of the court They would have kicked up so much fuss that the people in sympathy with the majority opinion would be irritated This would keep them In a partisan mental condition, so far as the New Deal program Is concerned. In short a splended mental condition for a good hot political campaign. But the New Dealers are stunned at the blow. AH thought of a change In the court Is abandoned. 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