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Show CACHE AMERICAN. LOGAN. UTAH Black Hills Sees Big Indian Powwow Biggest Meeting of Tribes in Eighty Years. Washington. More than 400 Indiana, representing otne 40.000 f trlheMiieii In five at a lea, have returned to nutlvo I epees, sod hut ami prairie home, after one of the largest Indian powwows held In 1851. In Itnpld this country altn-rity. S. !.. at the foot of the Black Hills, stolid faced trlhftl delegates from the North and 8011th Dakotas, Montana and Nebraska Wyoming, s listened for four days while of the ofllce of Indian affaire i .plained a plan for consolidalands and disposition tion of tht-Iof property. The delegate will report back to thdr tribes and meet for a second this year the new l!lts. Among the tribes repre lit the linpld tlty powwow. the Itr.--I of a series of such gatherings being held throughout the Indian lands of the West, were the Sioux, Waekfeet. Shoshones, Itorky Hoys, Crows, Arapahoes. Cheyennes. Win Yatiktons. Turtle Mounriebagos. Fort Hretholds, tain ClilpHwas, e to-- e r..tir-rem-- Kisetmis, mid Wahelons. Favorite Hunting Ground. The Itlnck Hills region forms an appropriate theater for a big Indian con'erence, because this IsIn the (treat land of mountains Plains was once a favorite hunting ground of the Iteil Men, says a bulletin from the National Geographic society. Wlmt Indian tribe possessed this choice time country before the white man came to America I but since the opeulng of the West several distinct tribes have occupied the region, each In turn forced out by a stronger group. The Crow Indians are believed to have been In possession of the Pluck Hills near tbs beginning of the Eighteenth century. Later the tom-nentered the eastern portion of the highlands, but, Itndlng them occupied, turned hack eastward. The Cheyennes were the next successful Invaders from the east, and held the territory when Lewis aud Clark passed In 1804. Next came the Kloux, the Inst of the Itcd Men to hold this desirable region before the advent of the whites. The first written history of the country Is s pictorial chronicle of the Sioux on prepared skins. It records that the famous chief. Stundlng Pull, led a party of warriors to the hills about the time of the signing of the American of Independence and took back to tils Plains home a little pine tree, a type of tree never seen before by Ids Immediate trilie. 11 Is a matter of tradition that the Cheyennes fought stubbornly to retain their upland hunting grounds, but that the Sioux finally drove them out, the decisive battle being fought at Pattle mountain near the present town of Hot Springs. Explored by U. S. Army. The first reul exploration of the Black Hills was carried out by officers of the United States army In IS37 and 1S59. After these expeditious rumors of the existence of gold there spread throughout the world, and a horde of would be prospectors Insisted that they be permitted to seek their fortunes In the new El Dorado. "In 1S74 the secretary of war sent an expedition to the region and Its When mineralogists found gold. this became known, prospectors entered In spite of the best efforts of the United States army. After a year or two of unsuccessful attempts to eject these white Intergovernment lopers. the federal found It necessary to take over the hills from the Indians. The national acquisition of this s Even If It Hurt Better Add NertM Chicago. Take It from Sir William Crnlgle, University of Chicago Professor, and on of th world's foremost directory makers, slang la th sniff. It' up to you" to believe It or not," he says, and these two expressions are reul contribution to the language which convey exactly what they mean. You may he snuill polatoea, or able to toss Hie hunk," hut Just as long ss you earn the to get a square meal'' you ran usunlly get out of a tight place." and other such expression are approved by the professor. BIx words are most commonly Kir William says, and used, A the," "an, they are: he." "and,' to, land was D"t easy. Not only were the Blink Hills a happy hunting ground, hut certain areas were regarded as sacred by the Sioux. There were places reserved for the Great Spirit, where no Indian To them came the dared hunt medicine men to practice rites which should avert tribal disaster. It was In these hills that Sluing Bull communed with the spirits before he Incited the Sioux to resist Crook and Custer In the memorable campaign which cost the latter officer his life. The region wns thrown oien for by President general settlement Grant In 1870, Just 58 years ago. A turbulent frontier life developed In the mining ramps that sprang up. The Itlnck Hills, which really should lie called 'mountains' because some of tlu-l- r peaks are over 7,000 feet above sea level, are not a part of the Rockies, but they may be looked upon as little brothBoth probably were formed ers. at the same time. Today the most noted lande mark of the Black Hills Is mountain, across the face of which Is being carved gigantic figures of four great builders of the American nation: Washington, Jefferson, Lincoln, and Roosevelt, with an Inscription to be determined through a national contest Within the Black Hills region are the Wind Cave National park, the Fossil Cycad, and the Jewel Cave National monuments, the Harney and Black Hills National forests, and the Custer State park." Rush-mor- Fifty Famous Frontiersmen Crossing a By Cuts Fruit Yield Better to Leave Tree Alone Than Follow Program "V ELMO SCOTT WATSON of Butchery. One of the Long Hunters'' H SIGNED his name Kasper Mutmker," hut you'll find him referred to In froutler history ss Casper Mutotko," si "Gasper Mans-ker- " and as Caspar Mauseo." But whnlexer th spelling of his name, the fact remains that this (alio as probably horn In some Pen nxy hauls I nit'll" settlement early lu the Eighteenth century) ass one of the greatest hunters and Indian lighters In all border history. He spoke only broken English hut the voice of his favorite long rifle, to which lie gaxe the affectionate name of "Nuncy," aas a sharp, clear cruck that polled doom for inauy a deer ami many a red man. lu 1T'I9 h aas one of a party of 40 "Long Humors' who passed through Cumberland Gap and began exploring th rich counfry of KenDuring th tucky aud Tennessee. course of hi wutnlerlngs Mnnsker dlscmered the salt licks In the present Davidson county, Tennessee, which were afterwards to bear hls name. After several months of hunting some of the party returned home to North Carolina, some went north Into Kentucky and the remainder under the leadership of Mansker built boats and sturted down the Cumberland. After a series of adventures they reached Natchex on the Mississippi, where they sold their furs, hides and tallow. The noxt year Mansker was back In the Kentucky country as the leader of another party of hunters. They gathered together an enormous store of buffalo, elk and doer hides. Then t party of Clierokees swept down upon their camp while they were absent and destroyed all their peltries, whereupon one of Mansk-erparty carved on the bnrk of a poplar tree this embittered record: 2.300 Deer Skins Lost Ruination HE (lermau-Amerlea- n Inn-Il- l s' by God But they continued their hunting and on the hanks of the Green river one day an amusing adventure befell Mansker. To bis ears came a strange sound. Like a shadow he crept among the trees In Its direction. Before him he saw "a man stretched flat on the ground, singing merrily at the top of hls voice The singer was Daniel Boone, thus consoling himself In the solitude of the wilderness while he awaited the return to camp of hls brother. Squire Boone. Such fields eral surrounding Remarkable Performance Is private flying was the first meeting of these two London, a British Klenim low wing Tests. Reported in pioneers. monoplane took off on Its tall," de- great In 1779 Mansker established a setagainst a liberately lost a London. An attempt to equal the horse and made perfect landings at tlement near the salt licks he had discovered and to the end of hls performance of the autogyro with an under 30 miles an hour. was a strong and helpful prop days a Is a Swallow model, Piloting being ordinary light monoplane of the whose first community machine powmade by a British company. open cockpit horse power foundations he had helped lay. at ered with Pobjoy At a recent demonstration Ilanworth airdrome, one of the sev- engine, E. G. Hordern, test pilot and formerly officer In the Royal An Early Empire Builder air force, demonstrated the possisay that trade follows bility of getting up and out of a THEY flag but quite as often the small field after a forced landiDg. Hot Dog Man Left and It is not flag follows trade, was up after a run of at all Impossible that the American His Friend $11,000 25 The craftnosed up sharply and flag might not have flown In the yards, Danbury, Conn. Michelle made a steep spiral climb. At 1,000 Middle West If George Morgan, was a familiar figure In feet Hordern flattened out, stalled trader, had not shown it the way Here are two very recent Tarts Danbury for many years and his his engine and glided down, losing before the Revolution. As the and were hot frankfurters tasty chapeaux. They tell a brimmed and only about 7 feet a second, making Junior member of the famous firm a brimless story, for that Is the appetizing. a. perfect landing at under SO miles of Baynton. Wharton and Morgan, But no one ever believed he way with the new hats, they either an hour. Indian traders, this young Philahave a wide brim or they havent made more than a scant living In a race against an army horse delphian took charge of Its In fine his Panama from apparently any. Very paper Indiana company in the ridden by an officer, Hordern, starta large hat with pleated crown and lie lived alone In a business. ing with a lead of 25 yards and Illinois country. brlin manipulated to reveal one side house belonging to a nephew From the beginning Morgan made maintaining a level flight at around of the hair describes the model at and prepared his own meals. 2 feet, flew so slowly that the horse himself popular with the wild Inthe top. Note that It Is worn back Sickness came with old age, comfortably caught and passed him dian tribesmen of the West. In from the forehead so as to show and, claiming Ills relatives rewithin a quarter mile. Another im- fact, the Delawares thought so he told hairdress. for care new to the him, fused windswept pressive demonstration was a take- highly of him that they conferred The red velvet ribbon which trims Paul Spano, a friend, he would off at 40 miles an hour on half upon him the name of their greatest this hat Is twisted about the crown remember him In his will If he throttle. chieftain, Talmenend, or Tammany. and tied In a bow at the front. The would permit him to live In his Unlike so many other white men of Swallow Klem and The are Eagle modish little hat below Is worn In home. Spano consented. the time, he treated the Indians modifications of the original GerIt was died the typical way set far back on Valluzzo When man Klemm machines built by the kindly and Justly and so great was the head.- - It Is made of the new learned lie had left an estate of Klemm company. hls Influence over them that soon Leichtflugzeughau cellophane handing. The arrange $11,000 to his friend. Relatives under British after the outbreak of the Revoluare buiU being They ment of the band of ombre contested the will and their and of Brit- tion the Continental congress ap air regulations ministry velvet pansies suggests the claims were denied. ish material. pointed him Indian agent at Fort new and fashionable coronet lines. Pitt. Finding himself thwarted and hls advice on how to handle the Western Indians to keep them neutrnl unheeded, Morgan resigned In 1779 and later settled In Princeton, N. J. But this empire-builde- r could not resign himself to life in a quiet college town. During hls career as a trader In the West, he had seen the vast possibilities of that region and he had spent almost as much time In encouraging the development of agriculture there as in hls trading So In 1788 he visited a activities. Utopian colony beyond the Mississippi under the flag of Spain. lie secured a huge tract of 15,000,000 acres and founded New Madrid opposite the mouth of the Ohio. But the plotting of Gen. James Wilkinson checked the development of the plan and when the new federal government under the Constitution extended its power In the West, Morgan abandoned hls project entirely, retiring In 1790 to a vast estate, Morganza, in Washington county, Pennsylvania. To him there came Aaron Burr with a similar colonization scheme, but a traitorous one of which he could not approve, and It was Slorgan who gave to President Jefferson the first authentic Information about the Burr conSlorgan died In 1810 but' spiracy. not until he had become a leader loved ones In scientific agriculture which was stood as they vainly search for their Refugees goin- - over the spots where once their homes aboard a to do so much to develop the great and endeavor to salvage what little is left following the explosion of seven tons of dynamite 200 persons were killed, at least 1,000 others empire of the Middle West freight train In the port of La Libertad, San Salvador. Over British Plane Equal to the Autogyro Improper Pruning the Andes bare-heade- I two-seate-r, 80-8- - o newly-organiz- rose-beig- e After Seven Tons of Dynamite Exploded A. 1931, Western Newspaper Union. ft. ef WirO, !UrtfVlUrl ftpeHeUM, ef UelvmreHv UUneleWNU fterete 1023-193- 2 e ' C.-- snow-cappe- THE two-mll- e steam-heate- snow-covere- d d well-know- narrow- g Trans-Andea- n Care in Early Feeding to Bring Maturity Us In spits of ths fact that pruning hls been practiced for more thin 2,500 year, there are still msny misconceptions of this horticultural operation affecting the fruit Income on farm. In th ten year of Inclusive the stute of apple and peach crops alone averaged $8,921,100 annually. Pruning should aid the tree In Ite natural bibit of growth and In Its battle against the enemle of disease, Insects and adverse weather conditions. However, It Is better to allow tha tree to go unpruned thin to practice tome of the pop- tlar method of butchery. Th principal accomplishment In pruning Is the modification of the tree form and sire, although the practice will affect the color, size i and quality of the fruit. The form of the tree should not be changed radically, and It size must not be reduced too much. If maximum yield are to be obtained. On the younger apple, pear and cherry trees, th more wood that Is removed by pruning, the smaller the crop produced and the longer It Laying tht Trans - Andean Cabls. trees to come takes the by Netlnfiel Grarbt Aconcagua, highest mountain In the Into production. Prpr4 4rtvU. UnhiLgloo, i. removal of On older trees th peak Amerleus, whose Andes, rooftops of the rubs the sky 23.0S0 feet above the wood thins out the hemisphere, have fre- sea. branches so that resulting fruit la quently stirred the ImaginaChrist of ths Andes. of Improved color and size. This tions of engineers. The building of At Las Cuevas the westbound thinning does not reduce the yield early Spanish trails serosa these train crawls Into the mountain side on some varieties. If done carefully, mountain was among the feats of from to emerge on and doee permit a more thorough Argentina colonial days; the Trans Andean Chilean soil. Over the hill through Job of spraying for the control of railroad was one of the outstanding tunnel runs Is Insect snd diseases. which this of Ite engineering achievement When fruit trees are first plantlaid the telephone cable; and. If the time; end more recently the laying dny he clear, Just as your train ed, Important training can be acof the cable that link Argentina In Chilean sunshine you complished by pruning and disbudand Chile by voice added another emerges look up at the hilltop and beran ding. During the first two seasons chapter to engineering progress In hold that famous peace mountain, of growth, proper training will proAmerica. South the Christ of the Andes, which duce strong trees that will live a Braving Ice, accident and ava- stands more than 12.000 feet above long time. Such tree will require lanches, North American aud Chil- sea level, on the lest pruning later on. ean engineers, by sheer strength frontier. and persistence dragged the heavy Far below, though still at 9,000 Lack of Iron in Rations cable up and over the freezing, la set feet elpvatlon, Inca windswept mountain passes, blocked Cause of Anemia in Pigs the peaks. Still descending, among with drift for months each year. train creaks, squeals, and In suckling pigs Is caused Anemia your Deep snow here causes frequent winds In and out among mounlack of Iron In the ration of the by which before or avalanches, slides, tains of Infinite majesty, dignity and pig. sny the department of animal even the stoutest poles are as wheat over bridges that husbandry at Cornell university. It straw In a Kansas cyclone. So, to distance, rattles span roaring cascades, to emerge at is pointed out that at ths present keep the cable from being swept last Into fertile green valleys of time It Is Impossible to Increase the away, workmen dug a ditch many Chile. Iron content of the milk by feeding miles long, over the higher Andean In to the sow and other means safe, Iron clean, In It. burled the cable wastes, and Is a fascinating trip, must be nsed to prevent attacks of this trains, Near the tiny hnmlet of Las Cue- You may sit comfortably at lunch anemia. vas, on the Argentine side of the and look out When sowa and litters are conthrough plate-glas- s Andes, the line reaches a point windows at one of the world's most fined Indoors on concrete and woodBy 12,300 feet above sea level But yon en floors, members of the departpanoramas. contrast, the submarine telegraph astounding The workers out ment say, the pigs may become so see It merely on off of Chile rests cable the coast the track, In skating anemic that they die before weansea bottom in 21,000 feet of water, there along ear muffs and mittens the ing time, and recommend the use of caps, showing the amazing physlcn! geogengineers on snowshoes and the a saturated solution of ferrous sulraphy In this part of the world. crew driving the rotary plow against phate to prevent anemia. The Iron difficult aud though the drifts Dangerous they not only see but solution may be prepared by disthese lonely Andean passes are, smell the Andes. feel and they solving one pound of dried ferrous stubborn man has long used them And they hear the voices of the sulphate, or an ordinary grade of In his restless transit across South high passes, the hiss of the snow copperas. In one quart of hot waAmerica. Tolling on foot or shoutand shriek of the winds around the ter. llama and their lazy stoning ing Treatments with this solution as crags, the roar of avalanches. pack trains, native races of long Down the smooth, steep, outlined by the department are: ago traveled the worn trails that slope of one mountain, plainly swabbing the udder of the sow once parallel the winding Aconcagua visible from the train, an avalanche dally until the pigs are six weeks canyons, slides. Countless tons of river, up rock, dirt old; or drenching the pigs once a under cliffs and along the edges of and snow, coasting straight down week until the pigs are four or dizzy precipices. clouds leave a long, preferably six weeks of age. When In the glittering days of Span- from the very r, What Is that pigs cannot feed in a creep or scar. perpendicular ish viceroys, when the king of Spain should be mountain down the they trail probably funny ruled much of South America drenched once a week until they side? asks a solitaire player, lookthrough hls agents at Santiago de from his cards. No one an- are six weeks old. np ing soldiers used and Chile, pack trains swers. these same Andean trails to reach To save their cable from these Buds on Tree Differ Tucuman, Cordoba, and ancient glides, the telephone engineers burled Cuyo country. Botany teaches us that buds and It In the rocks all the way from Las Broke Off From Spain. fruits are but the extensions of the Cuevas, on the Argentine side, over In these same bleak passes where to Juncal, In Chile. twig growth, just as our hair and the big cable now carries spoken finger nails are outgrowths of the Safety Comes First. skin. The theory that words, once echoed the shouts of When we picked out the route all the buds from a tree of certain San Martin's famous Army of the for laying our cable over the Andes, variety are Identical Is disproved Andes, when Chile and the ArgenIt was not with the view of keeping by literally thousands of Instances. tine, more than a century ago, close to roads and trails, said an Buds partake of the same cell charwrested Independence from Spain. American-owneteleacteristics as the branch on which For much of Its length the cable official of the and company. they grow. A branch whose genetic telegraph phone "rack railparallels the What we sought was a path that factor produces solid red apples road crossing the Andes. It took would give the cable the most shelwill produce solid red apples conyears to build this difficult railway, whose maximum grade Is 8 per ter and minimize the danger of sistently, while a branch whose breaks from avalanches, landslides cell factors are mixed will produce cent. mixed colored apples consistently. At Mendoza, on the Argentine or earthquakes. But always we had to carry the Greening Nursery. side of the Andes, you leave the heavy cable on the last lap of Its standard track and transfer to -gauge coaches. For several hard Journey up steep mountains Sudan Grass Popular hours a locomotive of the adhe- and over cliffs, to where we had Sudan grass attained a high dea It. for sunken blasted way Only sion type draws the train. Finally gree of popularity as a summer paswhen grades grow steeper, your en- picked men could stand this trementure for cattle last season, and It gine crawls on the toothed rails of dous physical ordeal. We chose Is to be expected that more farmthe rack system. As you climb only those who had worked for years ers will look to It as an emergency Even the blastslowly higher and higher, tunnels In high altitudes. pasture crop this next summer, acand snowsheds Increase in number ing and digging of our cables uncording to the Ohio Farmer. Dairy over roof of this derground path and length. Vegetation disappears. a ditch many miles long, farmers have found It particularly To make this trip In June or July, the world, useful because It makes Its best task. which Is midwinter there, Is to see wag a growth In August when bluegrass Once the Andes separated Chile the Alps of South America In all and other pastures are drying up. their glistening glory. Sometimes and the Argentine not only physiIt Is generally sown In June after In cally and In a commercial way, but the soil has warmed up, and In snowplows precede your train. July, 1930, scores of passengers also formed a barrier against Intelabout six weeks It is ready to paswere delayed many days at each lectual, social and artistic relations. ture. Interend of the this waitNow, cable, friendly by line, not for drifts to be cleared. course is easy ; and ing only can Habits of Goat Grass Up In these passes resort hotels Santiago talk over the Andes and Goat grass Is a wild relative of have risen, and holiday seekers come across the far pampas to busy from Valparaiso, Santiago, Buenos Buenos Aires, but by a 00 mile cable cultivated wheat, a winter annual. Aires, and Montevideo for winter under the great River Platte she The seedlings emerge In the fall, One even sees soldiers can talk to Montevideo, In Uruguay, and the plants mature the followsports. ing spring about the time wheat Is and from there on by radio teletraining on skis. Seedlings and Winding ever upward, the road phone to Europe, the British Isles, ready to harvest. runs In the shadow of Mount Tupunyoung plants are difficult to distinand the United States. The The Andes are as high, cold and guish from wheat plants. gato, 21,550 feet high, and past an leave are narrower than those of odd rock formation known as "The vast as ever. Only they seem less renitents, from Its resemblance to so now because trains and planes wheat plants, and have hairs along the edges near the base, a characa p'oeessinn of cowled monks. Then are faster than mules and llamas, ter lacking In wheat. The grass yon stop at Puente del Inca, a and because our voices on the new when abunstrongly formed natural bridge telephone cable carry farther than tillers profusely, and dant it not Infrequently crowds out which gives the district Its name. the voices of General San Martin Just beyond this bridge, If the day and old Chief Tupac YupanquI the wheat. Is clear, you can glimpse great shouting across the canyons. U DEVELOP PULLETS BODY FOR LAYING Bf nwt, rpr( ft. DMrttjM, Peeltrf North i ereima Biai CeJitfe. WNU fteivtc. The proper feeding of chlckena during the period of early development Is of vital Importance In determining their future laying capacities, so tests at branch station farms during the past five year have proved. One of the most critical period In bird' life Is that between th time It goee off th starting mash and the time It la placed on a lay Ing mash diet The feeding should be such at to bring th birds to bodily maturity at approximately the same time they start laying, and not before. After ths birds start laying most of their food goes into egg production and very little, it any. goes to skeleton growth. Hence, bird that starts laying before It has reached full growth la liable to remain undeveloped and will seldom have the stamina needed by heavy producing hens. Too great an amount of protein In the food before the laying period la apt to start the pullets laying too soon. An excess of carbohydrate or a feed of cereal crops alone also are conducive to too early laying. A good feed should have the protein and carbohydrate well balanced. A masb containing 15.1 per cent protein, of which 4 per cent we animal protein, fed along with tha regular acratch feed was found to give the best result In th experiments conducted with Rhode Island Reds and White Leghorns. Fed on this diet, the birds reached sexual and physical maturity at approximately the same time. Claw Guards on Toros to Save Injury to the Hens With s few cents worth of rubber tubing for each tom, turkey growers can solve one of their most seldom problems, that of haring heal severely lacerated and aomctlme even killed during the breeding season by the sharp claws of the male birds. Doctor W. A. Billings, veterinary specialist at the Minnesota University farm, suggests putting a short length of rubber tubing over each toenail of breeding toms. Inch In diamTubing Inch bole. Is eter with the variety recommended. A half-inc-h piece of tubing Is slipped on and left protruding over the a little beyoDd the sharp end. It Is suggested that the claw be smeared, with rubber tire cement or glue beThe fore the rubber Is put on. guards do not interfere with the gait of the toms and do nqt seem to annoy them In any way. The use-o- f these guards not only will protect the hens, but will make It unnecessary to nse saddlea or canvas , coverings for them. one-four- toe-na- il Small Eggs Hatch Poorly Hatching eggs, weighing less than 20 ounces per dozen, showed, In recent experiments In the etate of Michigan, a very poor hatchabillty and produced small chicks which developed slowly. Eggs weighing 21 to 22 ounces per dozen had a fair hatchabillty, but those weighing 23 ounces or more per dozen showed a good hatchabillty and chicks of good weight. POULTRY HINTS Cannibalism In cblcks may be due to lack of protein in the mash. A hens egg contains C6 per cent water, 10 per cent fat, 13 per cent protein and 11 per cent minerals. The cause of dead chicks In shell may often be traced to the use of hatching eggs. d Bloody eggs are due to a rupture of a small blood vessel In the ovary or oviduct, usually In the ovary. Experiments at Cornell university show that vitamin G In rations of young chicks will promote growth and reduce losses by death. The leading states In poultry production are Iowa, Missouri, California, and Texas, In that order. Iowa, Missouri, Pennsylvania, and Ohio lead In the value of eggs sold. Calt-foml- a, Paper clips can be used to prevent bleeding from scratches on the combs of laying hens and pullets which have low clotting ability of the blood during the first weeks of egg production. Grit Is an aid to the gizzard In crushing and grinding feed and should be before the birds at all s of a times. Not over pound of hard grit will be needed by a hen In a years time. three-fourth- In 1849 the first American poultry show was held In Boston. Annual poultry shows throughout the country Increased rapidly, and this tended to create further interest in Improved breeding methods. |