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Show CARE OF ORCHARD. h re- n l , Ml tllP .'!",. , Hewed by ,w,tn .nnern. ,K. . dm ike n UP trlP S . We to i m 'funlng 'wv ' "in win. ,1 them " mor"r ' c nstinngcr 1fl ti o thin - ' onv ? HMr ts lc,v- jupon ,n lies toco- we d, Irc.l the i o lnstinc.es wo n rtootl t.w.i.1 the "' i i w found ,1th nil" spindling i. r th nt growth cut 1. I' ""-K " "" 10"" rt o limb ',".' . "'re ready nSesnllf minther crop, iresoin I" '" '"' ir"l' S the fill ",on nf lh" X to I -I . handle Hi" lurMnJ 1 1-x itocl again In jet i A the tu en i thlrti ' ' P'" lh lnlintt f '" " n ftuitir i n Ictttcon cnch nd potal rows mm est th nrch i 1 ground wo , dotib r tv feet long .Injletr h in mat eh We ,M that the hnr s worked .idunl-is I"' we wuiitiO irrlniftli nung trim anil IS c n pn slide. An the row s 'f f I the tr over inreftilly I thorn el i ih r side thus rloush I s " them and ill n ir II ' ml nml kiep I easily nliout the trees In charda e Ii id nollicil that . alniiilo n s had liccn up-y up-y trees an I u on examlim-idthitth examlim-idthitth 1 hid avers poor oulng to the fart that af-intel af-intel In b hole thilr efforts ;l f th h I will' lull I Ian I till never been rultl-the rultl-the Ires were hinted Wo ahlle mui ( vmull not ilo he oul 1 il h r best, und aldrd wout ' ".till do more hi anon 13 iiltivntlon hail wond rnr we hniilicl In n rtran manure and Instead clones! out Ihr trees an wo Sear pi ired a heay i to a t II nbout the outer roots anl nix them to de-rlrom de-rlrom lh rim k and thus rfootholl und mnic storm wfr ! were u fill for upon e fnun I unlets extend-retl extend-retl in ti h the iniilH-h iniilH-h Jut of ih bnrnsnr.l mm ti-nu n I ft oil. i tint-; tint-; ouln I . latch the Man a or .11 Foil This o fount ii ihlrd jeai In iml'tak VI had allowed It in i Hi i et feet ami tellw fit i if It In sny n1 r- i poinctltiicH oull n i In no ho pro-"4 pro-"4 lh ' i drained all Ii rli it , x Imh outli t i err - 1 1 iu and three !" n h two rows of llonedili (nintn crop with lr l ii r (izk U(, ,. "tlili 1 in nome other " hm mi i rimer ullli T h in and cloer. ml" I h i i i.ic a Kno 1 ti ' mo I irr and nioitly 1,1 If ii miilcli, and 'H'X M tit inrenlho In oltre frar w moed nueker "Wins I n in not ,.,, 'imt ni . wantid to net- ""f'l ' iiicmiHtienr- ' ni o r, ti,iB !,,,,. ns m ' I ir c went Hi! up ilutiim Rrowth "flip ui thoie with ;.r"i tup prunlnR Ine In ,,f the tieew 52 I'm ,;"""'"" tr'uuto ",c rollr,n J"1" m . 1"",? '" do ex ,V a Klrn limit. L1,.11 it Hub nlinimt ' "IH' i Ioiib laliral re l Hiaped up d,,, ' 1 inidirwlth '' 'I whllllctteo ., ' ' Inn lieltiR rl, ii. in pievent or tv ",m ,nn liiK" n ' , I llsllll? ,"' i in Held corn, inh I hitdlj knew ,f tin,, an nicn- rt ,v "P HihlitR In lit,, 'to emii almut ui f r ' "Ulpilae lay o,( l'i oi n mil I rful , ' !nl 1 1 m irk lurlnir "'i' ok hard I fiflv , on and lie lalor "f rn per i net, 'L", ""I" Inn 'lnV fni " I n, ,,,PH "ero ,n,' ' "Bit. ami bran h " Apill w ncli t " Ini inllber n.tor fourths nf an oRine Slany nn , fl,her and In :Perl h, e i. moled mllcrj ' "K nl.pl idler ia ,, Khears i nl '"J Pulverbirl "and ' ' "Prlnu Ini- nir " and win )n len , , ,,MI", lltm- rtin, Hie llelnltj nf 'enilli ,r think they ankr " lent eater- per, k ml win, Iho find " all unneces- '" en ' ' m Riun our ' to 1 1 r w (Hon Da- 1 j, ir,'t Iho nnrket ' " lh own in Ia '' '"""IK Airrleul- lath, ' " iklittf mime nt , ,y ,ho lelalho I ti, i ," f""J In thlH milk I, ." "ini0 "lioaro ''"liie ., rtl" "'"' ""ll Mil In , 'tiniest. A nad n j, i1'0 lesiett of rl V'l Hkliiuiitik lJ"'arUon. im th- turn mined he purchase fle oinrts of whole milk or eight and nln- tonths quirts pf Kklmmllk nr two t ninrtK of round dteik at istj cents per i unrt In the whole milk he Audi m i minds of protein, In the aklmmllk CM poiiiuls and In the beef steak SCO noun la At Its market nlue the sklmmllk lontnins moie food aluo lh in either the beef-steak beef-steak or the whole milk li will be noticed that the protein contents of the whole milk and of the beefatesk nic pinctlcally the same Itememher that this lomparlson U mnde with toiind steak, one of the cheap i!ni.fe of meat nml tine of the inoil nutilllniia Whin we Kit to comparlnB milk with porter house steak the argument Is still anting ei hi favor nf the inllk fur porteihouse steak Is not more nutritious than munil stenk, but Is mu, h higher In 1 rlre Milk us a tllct hns hnweei, one draw back and that Is Its bulk The stomach nf Hie adult la not so conatltuted thit milk can be mado a sole diet It does not hold enough of It The proper method of iitlllrlnR milk Is lo combine It wllh bulkier foods Ileasons for Low Hendlnp. In horticultural prictlco nothing Is more Import mt Hun Mirtln a tree rlKht, sis Ihe Xebriskn Tanner liver) liv-er) person who came lo the West from liistern .States remembers the apple tries that we drove the wiRon under to pick the fruit off the lower branches by stnndlnff In the wagon box To illmlt Into such trees was the work of an athletk boy skilled In th art of illmhlnR oak trees on nlKhts we went coon liuntlnR, or. It a man esaujel to Pick the fruit he had to Ret a ladder with which to climb the treet There was tho excuse for planting such tr'cs In l.'nalern Htntes tint since piaturo Is scurie they mutt uae the orchard for n cow pasture and It Is neieesary to have the trees branch so hitch that th", rattle lamiol reach the fruit Our Eastern ameators were excusable on the Rround that they knew no bitter about heading fruit trees They lived In a timber lountry, and as they saw me iorest trees with high trunks they naturally aasoilated the Hell treo (fruit or any other), with ii timber producing pro-ducing trunk Then, too, the r.islern cllmite la damp, often foggy at nights, the hcit Is rarely up to 00 digues, winds an not so severe as on the prairies anl tho best of the fruit grows high up on the new wood In the toi s of the trees. All these clrcunistmcet made the Eastern East-ern plantei a "tall ttee man." Hut tho Western fruit tree plnntcr with none of those excuses and every lensou for following the opposite rouriw, often plants an nnliard as If the chief crop to be produced Is saw. logs from tho trunks of the trees' N'urscomcn often tell Iho writer that win n the deliver ver line, low, stocks trees the hujers complain, and sometimes some-times the nro oblige 1 to take hick n lot of trees and Rive the buver big overgrown trees, trimmed up Ii or fi feet from the ground, In order to keep bis friendship' The trees are plantei anil Dimmed up and up till In few Jeais the nrclinid Is n Mife cow pasture' pas-ture' Onlj last j ear we siw a large orchard In Nebraska which was In n stiff blue grass sod that offered .ts. lure for a herd of long-leggel Ilolstelu i owi, and tho applei dlscrwtlv kept something like .0 feet above the ground Another Inrge oung nrclnrd on a sunnj low i hillside not fir from Omaha, has the limbs started from trunks about as high ns a nun enn enmfortahl reach! It Is strongly suggested that this one Is In process of becoming a cow piaturo. Hut tlvese are extreme rase nr Vnn Peman the well-known po. mologlst, who has been engaged In firmers" Institute work In the Past, suggtsts thit even i;ist-,rn plinters nro changing their methods In Oreeno's fruit (Ironer, he sts 'Theio were frequent discussions b the best fruit Ltowers In both Miin. Iind and New rk about tho best plans for training apile trees A few believed In the old plarl of having high hearts, while ncnrlv all wero In favor of having them lower thin thev nre usually seen In tho orclnrds There seems to he no very gool letsnnx for till trunks on apple tieea The one moat fifiiuentl) advamed at the meet. Ings was that the gave opportunity for cultivating under the blanches Aiintlui was that the fruit could not dixitf the branches to tho ground as when the heads wire low 'The re isons for low heads were numerous and qult clearly slated The lower the heids the less pnrrhate the v.lnd Ii.ih upon tho roots and the lies likely the IreJfl are to be disturbed Low- hoods are easier spt tyed than those whkh nie high The fruit la moiej easll gatbertd fmm such trees Ihore Is less liability to Hansen! 1 where the trunks am proteited bv tho low" brum hes The ftathead boret will net work where tho trunk and I irgo brnnchts aie abided. It wis also clalmul lint It Is not necessary to illlllvnt3 close to the Hunks, bet iiise no grass or weeds of eonseqiienco tan Hrnvv In tllo shade, and It It not well to distill Ii tlir luge 10,1(3 liy Ihe plough or mi) other toitl "The plan of hiving the main hi unities to alt mmo out at ono pi iro w is tondemned because of Ihe great danger of splitting at the forks and loo open heads. The preferable way Is to have tho brunches route out from a central stent, alternately, and come from the beginning of the head to the top This divides the strain md balances bal-ances tho tree It also admits of such pruning ns will admit tin light and oil better than where all Ihe largo bianihes diverge from one point " In the new orchards of th West, especially es-pecially in those known as "commercial "commer-cial orchards" which nre plinted bj men who make a studj of fruit culture the trees are all headed low -IR to :i Inches from the ground All Iho reasons rea-sons for low IimiIm given by Mr nn Demon nro particularly applicable to Ihe West, and nono nf the reasons for high heads havo weight In this country. coun-try. In a country whero hut a annll per-(fntase per-(fntase of Ihe land Is occupied with foiett oi rock there, la plent) of farming farm-ing nml rihssIiir land without using foi those purpies the sin ill nrei uhu ally devoted tn the rami nrrhirt! Anl If it Is not neussnry to use iho m chant for imps nr pasture It Is not neccs sary tn have the heads start fiom the trunk at Iho height of nn ntdlnai) homo's baik or above Ihe leach of a cow In case low-lrunked Ireei nro hnded with fruit tho lir.iurhes euillj bend down so the tips reaih the ffipiinil. and Iho tre nie not broki n not iho fruit whipped off with Um wind. Th, ,Plnot , , B, , canrei , '"','" "PMvluit pump- thu ewt in rriting i) r. nj l tlteia nf fiuit trie will do well eri! '5 fn,'"n"m 't henllng thrm prop er'v In smie vnrlell.s there Is a !uint"n'?'7!J f"."" """ n m , .' U'r''' hrnit'hes from the Mil" point All but one of these mult spin' snnr,' or ,h' ,rw "' "Viitm. 1) no not hen ate 1 he tree w 111 right It- nmS l.T!,t"JM,.oot "h ""(''i "l" trunk. .oiP., h,","'l '"nd to tall Aim ,Uu n'l" ,DHd "m" '" cul l"' Aim alwiija t i,me four attonr h2'l:i?e" ?T out "liln two feJ" he ' ground, but nt t lhe snmo imlnt I!. ""' ' '' nf a null T?eT IMie cr" ? "I, nT1"1 f"IJ :c,',o0 "II "th-irs "th-irs it will reoulro freouont wnlka eS'' rV," .inu". f-haid the nr,; th":'!, l!rPS' ? penistoiue in a sjsuin of thin, low vear"w".,,,,,t! ,rult ,rft" during tho nit jertr vvlli be rewarded Thev will re. quire little pruning and give much at-ihaid at-ihaid satisfaction In futuie Sears The Birk of a Fruit Tree. In the birk and the lj r of tissue Iniinelliiely belie Mb It exists Ihe life of tho trie The arterial svstem nf tho I" IU wholly wlthUi a quiiici-liirh of lh- kiirfnte The leiilliatlun of hire almost self-evllcnt tiuths should ImpiesH on the fiult ginwet the lines sltj of keeplnt tl.- birk In tin most with tiuth that h H joung tuo be comes stuntil luilng tie flist ft w Hars of Its !lf- It Is mole piulltublc to dlj lip the tree and start with a voung. tliilftv one thiin tonnemiit to bil ig thu llttlo baik'bound tree buik to a vigorous vigor-ous rondltlou In a hiulthful apple tut the bark Is usuully bright and smooth the ou'er co.kv lijer It thin and ivtnl) placed and the iiimblum lay-ir lay-ir b neath Is thlcl . hen the glow Hi bemath becon s cuf'UUnt the mrk fpllts and ih ika, loosens uadlly uud Is thrown off b th- i.ipldly glowing trunk or limb beneath In oidlnaiy wheal-kiow Imr cln xiim . nii..t,t.i Joung lieu will milntuln this upiienr-anie upiienr-anie and londlllon foi n matter of six or ten juus with llttlo attention further furth-er than the usual cultivation given a corn lie! I. During this period of normal nor-mal Kinwth, howcvei. It Is tiauul that several foims of vegetal, lo and nnliual lire attach th"insclvea lo Hie tuo as a host and live on the sap and bark. Theso little plants and Bnlmnls uro few and Imonsplcuous al ilrst, but us the je.irs go by they become suflklcntly num-rous to havo a marked effect on the health and appeniamo of tho bark If iho poll nbout the ttvi has been fertilized fer-tilized from lime lo tlmo tho giowth i.iny be ro vigorous ka to wltbstnnit for a considerable period the attacks of Insect and fungous enemies Hut, piovlded th bark recclv s no special attention sooner or Inter their pics-enn pics-enn Is felt, and the effict Is noticed In the changed a) nearauic of the birk, the lessined vigor of the tree and the smaller pro liictlnn of fruit If this tomes to piss when the He Is ten jenrs old, tho nwnii lavs it to bad weathei, nnl If at t.vent sears tho vcrdht Is th.it .hi iri Is n! I and nothing noth-ing elso could be exeiled. The average productive life of winter win-ter apple ti cos win n propci Is tured for, Is about tblrty-nve sears, vnislng somewhit with the1 vnrlell.s. The lenson. or at leiM one nf thu reasons, whs this Is not true for Illinois. Ilea In the fail lb it no care Is i,lven the lurk of Ihe tree In n neglected orchard Ihe Inik appears rough'nod .,n the trunk and limbs, while Ihe smaller branches and twigs uauills present a dull lifeless life-less nppcarinc The old bark does not fall awiy rapldl), but clings for months, forming excellent winter quarters quar-ters for various forms of insects run-gnus run-gnus growths cover the limbs and branches and each tiee la a memgerlo of native sciles, bark lice. The lam-blum lam-blum laser lies lliln und Inrnpible of cirrslng an aniniint of sip surilclent lo grow a ciop of fruit even If strength enough hiil been cifrlcd up to make ii good ' set " In retnedsing suiliVn orchnrd, the flint woik should be. to ilean up tho bilk; not thit this alone will bring It bark to vigor and productiveness, but from tli fact that such trralnient will remove ninth of Ihe meat nctlve riusts nf Its pool condition In the ense nf a hitherto well-cnrcd-fpr orchard sud-lent) sud-lent) given over to total neglect. Ihe last part nf the trees to ahow the cli inge would be Hie baik, and so In bringing buik an nuhard from negleit It la the last part to ahow Improvement In the baik lultlvallon nnl fertlllJlng have much to do with the vigor of Ihe birk anil are the methods best adapted to thick-c-lngawiak dry ranibluni lasei If howe.ei, the hark Is 'n l vigorous con. illtlnn In this rispect and cultivation and foi ll Mr it Ion hav been the annual uile nf the on haul It Is qullo possible that pioduitlveucss Is bell g rnciltiicl to miim'S Ktov Ih mid In such an In- nice Ihe plan should be to slop fer Urine and bs doing no cultivation In-ur In-ur than June check growth and cause the cimhlum lasi to become moie llrm In texture I'rovlded nutrition and t ill tlvutlon arc right and the- Inst its and dlseises of Hie bnrk, It Is a cominiH-tlvily cominiH-tlvily Mmplo and Inexpi naive i roceduro In piinllcalls "Me'inln.ite lli'm Tor si itfs a nles, ovtter shall bark lice and wooly arhls, a tin I or rent k-iosene emulsion In June will kill ninety pel ctnt of the soung injects If such dlseeses as thnw of the apple lot tspe rave attache! Iho twigs reus ing dead and loughened hark, nr Ihe un know n dlseiso common on Illnonn, cnua. Ing bunches on Iho llmhs, t wln'er or earls spring wash thould be ustd Take ft imiinds of live llmo and slack with water. In which two pounds nf copper sulphate hive lieeu melted and add about 31 pounds or moro of fine sifted hardwood nshet The mnlerhls diluted dilut-ed to fi) gillons nf water should be sprayed on tlltpks and brined!, nslrg a imrse sprn This treatment clears off old hark dealross Insect eggs nnd fungus sroroa nnd has a tendencs to remove mnnv of the hurdy r,"nn Inaccls The effect on the bark Is very pronounced pro-nounced Huch a wash coata little and la believed be-lieved to be na ijTectlve In Us work na Ihe most ooMIs lice r.lnlf md patent washes II will prove prrifllnhle to care for th- baik for drled-t'p hirk-hnuul crrhards cannot pioduce valuable cuqs I'rof V. " (lucn before .Mlssls!pj! ! mowers' naaoclntlon. |