Show AN U kshwy ali Ant corll nd ita As long an expedition may be pent to explore the antarctic world tho following from good amply describes the character of the region the icebound ice bound character ot thae was is due to the of any brisk surface current I 1 the arctic region the gulf stream makes its genial influence falt wide breaking up alif producing a constant it is true we have very amity aud imperfect dal of w in the antarctic in very general fernn and irom theories oue thing ii ft there is a steady northerly and easterly drift current the pole in the direction of new zealand and cape horn which is follow at the rate nf from twenty to thirty live ugilt n rada on striking the coitt nf kouth america thia current bifurcate lie stronger ot ronger arm proceed iop north and the shores apt ru reducing the of these weaker continuing east and north pant tho course taken by an is ultimately ast by north and ita rate of travel ia about sixteen niiles a lay in the locality of cape horn where icebergs lake a more northerly course up to ati lude 40 when they easterly direction and reduce their rate of travel the bergs 11 being ched from the place of their formation by proceso I 1 ahall afterward allude to are floated away at a rate not exceeding three quarters of a mile an hour carried first to the westward and to the north and fast they are met with the first after their separation miles north of he barrier ahn fact seena to prove the existence of what id known aa tho antarctic drift current which flows towards the north closely with the edge of the ice fields we find the deep sa deposits to consist of very pure lirt lorn but aa the ant artic continent is approached the detritus from tho continent drop ped by the icebergs is mixed up with the il and combine to junua deposit ot blue mud on shows all the inin cral particles and rock fragments usually found in the neighborhood of land they resemble in many respect as mr murray las pointed out the deposits depo siti found in similar depths uti the atlantic coast of north america thus taken I 1 Q connection with the depths the leep SCTt deposits would enable and extent of the ant mirtic continent to be mapped out with rable degree of certainly be low almos procure 29 inches in the iris is a remarkable phe in the meteorology of the globe it secroy to obtain between the parallels of 40 and 70 sooth even in the summer months div ing rise to the mot violent storms from the wet and northwest the winds blow in cyclonically toward the south pole from the southern edge of tho antie in which the anuth baal fei asiat aa far as the ant arctic circle westerly winda blow with aire or leas urea and constancy at all seasons of the year our data as regards the winds within the antarctic cercle are extremely scanty but it ia probable that iu the mouths january february abil march the only season iu region has been visited alie winds blow east or west without anny great constancy extremes of weather are experienced ia rapiel and there is almost constant precipitation the beautiful display of the aura australia bare been noted by al antarctic voy argea the echi billens hae been observed chiefly about or within the latitude of GS south they dilfer from the same phenomenon in the arcitio regions in the length of the vertical beams being greater their appearances and disappearances being more fre and sudden resembling of light and from their being often quite colorless lieu tenant who witnessed 1 one very beautiful display thui describes it it exceeded anything of the kind 1 had heretofore witnessed its activity was conceivable darting irom atie zenith to the horizon in all directions ia the gortat brilliant coruscations rays proceeding from a point in the finith flashed in brilliant of light like of electric ia and reappeared again to vanish into ona body like an umbrella or fan up again to flit acroca alio eky with the rapidity of light they showed all the prismatic colora at once or in quick so remarkable were the phenomena that even our bailers bailors were constantly exclaiming in admiration of its brilliancy abe best position ia which to view it was wa s by flat llie deck and looking up the vegetable kingdom under eccli unfavorable physical chuji tion no 10 antarctic lamia there arc enormous quantities of belonging to many genera and species which auri the chief food for tho marine the ara found ia the surface waters anil collect on the sea aboul the latitude oca adouth and the aralio rr gions a pure white diatom accod ooze the oceanic light blue color ortho wa id near alio llio pack pare frequently founie to iw stained by dirty tint froia the organisms abounding there the marine animals prey ono upon thac other according to their petition in the scalo all being eventually hy the mintlo sros filling lne ocean iu bubli inconceivable on tho ice and in the water are innumerable beal three species were observed by alos and they varied considerable in their hiie and coloring their colom ranged from a dark gray fully marbled with depota and i of R much darker hue to albok uniform while the lafeat ia biz which were much laa autner oia than the smaller ei wera armed with formidably bv which anil froni the shape nf brails they resemble the polar f bar anil ahey are equally danger ous animals ta approach aha largest killed by the auder ros weighed pound aul yielded ag gallons af oil it wag nearly 12 feet long and G feet in circumference and ita nag bound to contain pounds folh the middle gina the wi leopard froni abe markings on ita burai well the white antarctic eul are so as ame that they may bo approached and killed with impunity then there are sea liona and aea elephants which have been teen iu great numbers anulli if la the sea liona of the female BPS fiercely their the lealea endeavoring to intimate iu by thur coara f de fiance the bathes seau n him bear evidence among of the produce howe knigt ini puri ant to our fisheries ia the whale whales have been by all ant arctic voyagers though their aum bera have more recently bean greatly by the activity of the whaling vesela aliey are almost exclusively cn backed species and clieny harui the pack edge bouie of those cean liy ilis specially to the bouth ff ilig were of normous nor H and so tame that alev did bot avin get out of the nay of the ships keel are also to be met willi penguins abound on sea and land their cry frequently being heard above the storm at places as remote aa aco niiles from any known shore they are very large birds varying in ize from ca to 75 dounda anil they on the crustaceous animals on being opened from tva to ten dounda of pebbles have frequently been dialoged dialo ged from iho stomach white petreta which frequent the pack and thus give warning on iho approach of any large body ot ice stormy petr eln and blue petrels are found in great f number ind cape pigeons onn gulli aud other oceanic birdd are alo met iu considerable condid erable ou robers jn fact sea and air are full of life the ice present the leoet interesting and characteristic feature of the antarctic regions alin yager on leaving the zine to penetrate into the afroz n waters of the far south would ri q lire to have a very crable knowledge atif navigation among ice as hii chief equipment itna in order to male any length of stay here lie would need a vessel of more than strength capable of an nip from the bat rams of alie dangerous floed alint ia the lite ot thee ice mandi and ica berga they are all shed tha parent icecap that the pole extremes of frost aud tha gradual projection of the icecap into the aea are the causes of aln ir disruption here for centuries perhaps the great icecap growa and moves like a living thing each season a fresh layer of enow h added to ita thickness which the rays sun converted into ico more or ies slowly the huge cumbrous mass ivr the lands and the valleys toward the sea grinding under ita enormous weight rocas and boulders which the i desive nature of ice it gathers up and conveys along it and this debris is eventually on the tea bottom the coloriti color iii of the bergs H magnificent the general laau closely resembles loaf sugar llie caven and crevices are of the deepest and purest azure blue at night they emit a luminous glow and thera are reasons to believe that many are to some extent phosphorescent re like the bergi of tha arctic jeaa they are bounded by cliffie on ail niiles some of them are more than IBO miles and como as many as four miles in circumference while heres four miles in diameter have aim been freen they auvo a uniform height of about feet vw per cent of their volume sub merged |