Show IT AJ IE I ll v M SS F a. a S r r r L t t y o 9 Bay of St S1 Anns Arms Cape Br Breton ton I p Prepared by the National Geographic So Society cl clety ty Washington D D. C C. Close to home yet Jet less known to Americans than many parts of Europe Cape Breton Dreton Island a part of Nova Scotia Is far from flom being the Uie few acres on of snow that Voltaire contemptuously dubbed It In the days nS's when l Franco France and England were at each others other's throats over It It Is barely an Island and for all practical purposes may be considered considered consid consid- ere ered the easternmost point of Canadas Canada's as a's mainland Perhaps man ninny many who have not seen this lan land think of ot It as Voltaire did but It has Its fruitful apple orchards and a n thriving general agriculture an and growth Is remarkably rapid once ve vegetation vegetation vege vege- e- e tation Is started It has too all the Ingredients lents for In industrial success In Inthis Inthis inthis this Steel Ago Iron Ago Iron ore coa coal and limestone And unlike those of the competing producing Iron regions of North Korth America Cape Bretons Breton's materials materi materi- als ais are fire at the waters water's edge where the finished pro product can be han handled le most cheaply oo The ports of Cape Cale Breton are closer to Europe and Africa b by hun hundreds reds of miles than an any others on the North Korth American continent and surprisingly ly to those who have not closely stu studied le their maps the distance from Cape Breton Dreton to Rio Hlo de e Janeiro is less than that from New Orleans to Rio Hlo A less material but ut important asset of or Cape Breton Dreton Is Its Us scenery an and cli cli- mate Relatively el few American tourIsts tourists tour tour- have discovered the time Island Islan yet ct but out those who have swear by b Its Us charm Its summers are pleasantly cool and Its Us winters thanks to the proximity of the Gulf stream relatively relative relative- ly Iy mild A principal pleasure feature an and beauty sp spot t Is the Islands Island's s 's Inland sea the beautiful Bras Dras dOr d'Or r lakes a 11 paradise for yachtsmen Cape Bretons Breton's history Is old ol and full Un Undoubtedly l her coasts were frequented frequent frequent- c ed 0 by Norwegian rovers as early emly as ns the Tenth century and we even Jm e cave It on the authority of the Flemish geographers geographers phel's that the Island Islan was discovered an and acid named by br Basque Dasque 1 fishermen shermen who crosse crossed the Atlantic in pursuit of wll whales a hundred years before the YO voyages voyages voy voy- ages of Columbus us e eIt John Cabo Cabot's s Landfall It is from the YO voyages abes of the however that Cape Cale Breton dates ates her history The highland to the north of the Island is Is' Isnow now generally agreed to have been the lan landfall full of John Cabot time the the first sighting of North America of which we have I c record Peter Pete l' l Martyrs Martyr's Martyrs Martyr's Mar Mar- t tyr's rs account of the theo o voyage age of th the younger Cabot In HUS when the Island Island is island Is- Is land was claimed In inn the name of Hem Henry shows that a landing was made on these northern shores at least leasta year before Columbus touched touche upon the mainland of the continent Standing ln far fur out In the Atlantic the most easterly extremity of the Dominion Doming Domin ion lono of Canada Cape Breton owes much of her colorful history to her hel geographical ical position She reaches out III Into to the theOCIan oc ocean OCIan an trade lanes lunes the landfall of westbound west shipping today as In the time of the u Two wo centuries ago her commanding position with reference to the time trade of the St. St Lawrence and the West Indies made Cape Breton an Issue in world politics an all Issue sometimes disturbing th the peace of Europe and upsetting the till treaties of the powers The fhe fortunes of the little island inland now un under er the ther r red d cross of St. St George now under time tIle gold gol HUts HUt's of France are ore a part of the continents continent's history the history the the greater part of it a n war history The stor story of Louisburg a fortress 23 years rears in the building at ut a cost t of six millions of dollars more dollars more than lion four times that sump sum In the value of our money money its its two sieges seges an and Us lis final demolition Is the known best chapter of Cape Cale Bretons Breton's Bretons Breton's history The fortress became not only the base of French naval power In America AmerIca America Amer Amer- ica but with outlying ng posts at St. St Peters Ingonish and St. St Anns Anus the resort of privateers that Infested the time New England Englan coast const nn and the time haven hu to which they conveyed their I spoils Upon the outbreak of war Wal between France an and England In do 1744 liH to the colonists of Massachusetts and New Hampshire the re reduction of this stronghold was a highly attractive project Capture of Louisburg The first siege un and capture of Louisburg Louisburg Louis Louis- tur burg II by the little band ban of New Eng Eng- and militiamen men under Pepperell with the West lr le din la fleet un under er War War- foreshadowed the Amer Arne American I icon ican Revolution 5 S With the closing of this refuge ol of Atlantic privateers ateer marine I Insurance on Anglo-American Anglo vessels fell at ot once from 30 to 12 2 per cent Subsequently Subsequently Sub Sub- s the island Islan was restored restore to Prance France and again the fortunes of war made it permanently a British pos pos- session The giant fortress of Louisburg was demolished In favor or of the time newly fortified fortified for for- titled base hase at Halifax a Halifax a military necessity necessity necessity ne ne- ne- ne that is deplored by 0 the visitor of today tollay An And yet ret In In all Its desolation ono thrills to the thc glory glor of Its past Here are arc the remains of the thc Dauphins Dauphin's gate yonder can be traced the time bomb proof casements of the kings king's s 's Bastion an and on Din one olio of these grassy mounds stood the time citadel where fair fall la ladles ies and n gallant gallant gal gal- al lant gentlemen of France glace graced the grau grand ball on that fateful eve of P Pepperell's arrival In Gabarus Bay Day Not until when the Island be became became became came temporarily a n separate colony w with Its own governor were grants of land to settlers permitted l. l To It In Inthe Inthe Inthe the late years ears of the Eighteenth and the time opening of the Nineteenth century century cen cen- tur tury came a great number of hardy y Scottish settlers In this way the Island Island Island Is Is- land became as Gaelic as the most Gaelic part of Scotland Though there are considerable erable French Acadian la settlements a more mOle or less cosmopolitan itan population In the vicinity of the tho mining districts ts am and many descendants descendants descend descend- ants of Cf the time old United Empire Loyalist Loyal Loyal- stock the F. F F. F V.'s Vs of the time provinces provinces provo inces Ines Cape Breton Dreton Is still predo predominantly nl Highland Scottish In in Its pop pop- The finest scenery In the Maritime provinces Is to be found In northern rn Cape Breton an and through the time lovely Bras Dras dOr d'Or Lal Lake e region regon of the Interior Bras dOr d'Or Lakes Most striking of the islands island's ul physical features is this Inland sea kno known ri In Its two sections as the Great and Little Little Lit Tilt tle tIe Bra Bras dOr d'Or Lakes I Widening out from Its Its- two Atlantic entrances It extends In In Its 4 0 square ml miles es of area ara through through the h the heart of the Island Island- nearly a thousand miles' miles of Interior coast line coast bordering or eling all f four counties and amI forming in In enchanting encl succession on wide wille harbors Island Island dotted bays and deep like fjord channels A ship ship canal anal at nt historic historic- St St. Peters across cross th the ol olIn old In Indian inn portage of Nicholas Denys Deny's time connects the lake lale waters with the Strait of Canso This Inland waterway water was of great strategic value to the French French as at a later latel pero period It wa was a ri n valuable means of transportation transportation Indeed the only means menns of transportation at first first to to the time Highland Scottish settlers Today Today To To- day it affords s easy access to the markets of oC the S for the farmers farmers farm farm- ers of the Interior no Jess less than a natural playground for the people of the Industrial centers The drive along the north shore of Capo Cape Breton Is surpassingly lo el lovely Inn Landward there are arc ever the hills near and remote the green mea meadows of oC farmlands abounding in milk and Celt Celtic hospitality seaward the time Atlantic Atlantic At At- lantic and In the distance sheer out of th the ocean towers Smoky Once seen the view ln looking southward southward south south- ward from Smoky is never forgotten Headland after headland In outline reaching out to the eastward plaster cliffs dazzling white against the time distant distant dis dis- ls- ls tant blue mill and 1200 feet below the thelong thelong long lung roll of |