Show I COL COLU ROOSEVELT HEARD IN BERLIN President Ex-President Lectures on The World Movement t UNIVERSITY AULA THRONGED Compared Modern Civilization n Is Compared With That of Former Ages Speaker Ages Speaker Is Hopeful for the Future of Mankind Before BeCore Berlin Before an audience of ot learned men and officials of high highmark mark Theodore Roosevelt lectured Thursday In the University of Berlin Every seat In the aula was occupied i and many hundreds of requests for admission had to be bo denied The distinguished dis American was Introduced to his bearers hearers by the rector of the university Isis His subject was The rhe V World Movement and he spoke In English Instead of In German as as he heat heat heat at one time tim Intended Beginning with an eloquent eulogy of the German race and Its achievements achieve ments the lecturer soon reached the main theme of his discourse and reviewed re- re viewed lowed the civilization and culture so far Car as we know them of the earliest peoples and their contributions to the modern world He then continued Modern Movement Movement Begins At last a little over years ago CO o the movement towards a world atlon Catlon took up Its Interrupted march The beginnIng of the modern movement may roughly be taken as synchronizing synchronizing- with the he discovery of printing prInting- and with that series erlea of bold sea ventures which In n the discovery cry of America and after fter these two epochal feats had begun to o produce their full effects In material and ind Intellectual life lire It became Inevitable that hat civilization should thereafter differ not ot only In degree depree but even In kind from all 11 that had gone before Immediately after after fter tho the voyage of ot Columbus and Vasco da a Gama there began a 9 tremendous reU re- re U ous ferment the tho awakening of intellect Intellect Intel Intel- lect ct went hand In hand with the moral uprisIng uprisIng- the great names of Copernicus Bruno runo Kepler and Galileo show that the mind of man was breaking the fetters that had cramped It If and for the first time me experimentation was used as a a. check upon pon observation and theorization Since then hen century by century the changes have ave Increased In rapidity and complexIty complex- complex Ity y and have attained their maximum in both oth respects during the century Just past ast Instead of ot being directed by one or two dominant peoples as was the case with all similar movements of the past the new movement was was shared by many different different dif dlf- r ferent rent nations From every standpoint it has been of infinitely greater moment than anything hitherto seen Not in one but In many different p peoples oples there has been extraordinary growth In wealth In population in power of organization and andIn andIn andin in mastery over mechanical activity Ity and natural resources All of ot this has been accompanied and signalized by an Immense immense Im im- im mense outburst of energy and restless Initiative The result Is varied as It Is striking Conquest of the World In the first place representatives of ot this civilization by their conquest of space were enabled to spread into all the practically practically practically vacant continents while at the same time LIme b by their triumphs in organization tion lion and mechanical Invention they acquired acquired ac ac- ac- ac an unheard-of unheard military superiority as ns compared with their former rivals To these two facts Is primarily due the further fact that for the first time there Is really something somethIng- that approaches a world civilization a world movement The spread of the European peoples since the days of ot Ferdinand the Catholic and Ivan the Terrible has been across every every sea and over every continent In places the conquests have b been en ethnic that Is there has been a new wandering of the peoples and new commonwealths have sprung sprung- up In which the people are entirely or mainly main main- ly of European blood This Is what happened happened happened hap hap- In the temperate and sub sub tropical tropical re regions ons of the Western Hemisphere in Australia in portions of northern Asia and southern Africa In other places the conquest has been purely political the Europeans representing for the most part merely a small caste of ot soldiers and administrators administrators administrators ad ad- as in most of ot tropical Asia and Africa and In much of tropical Amer Amer- ica Finally here and there Instances occur oc- oc Cl cur CIT r where there has been no conquest at atall all all but where an all alien n people Is profoundly profound profound- ly iy and radically changed by the mere Impact Impact impact Im Im- im- im pact of ot western civilization There are of course many grades between be be between tween these different types of influence but the net outcome of what has occurred during during- the last four centuries Is that civilization civi of ot the European type now exercises exercises exercises exer exer- a more or less profound effect over practically the entire world There are nooks and corners to which it has not yet penetrated but there Is at present no large space of ot territory in which the general general gen gen- eral movement of civilized activity does not make itself more or less lees felt This represents something wholly different from Crom what has ever hitherto been seen In n the greatest days of ot Roman dominion the Influence of Rome was felt fell over a a. relatively small portion of the tho worlds world's surface Over much tho the larger larg-er part of the world the process of change chang and development development develop develop- ment was absolutely unaffected by anything anything any any- thing that occurred In the Roman empire and those communities the play of whose whoso Influence was felt In action and reaction and In Inter-action Inter among themselves were grouped Imme at Immediately y around the Mediterranean Now however the whole world is bound to together ether as never before the bonds are arc sometimes those of hatred rather than love but they are bonds nevertheless All the Nations Linked Frowning or hopeful every man of I leadership lead ad- ad In any line of thought ht or effort must now loo lok beyond the limits of his own country The student of ot sociology may live in Berlin or St. St Petersburg Rome or London or he may live In Melbourne Melbourne Mel Mel- bourne or San l Francisco or Buenos Aires but In whatever city he lives he must pay heed to the studies of men who live in each of ot the other cities When in America Amer Amer- ica ca we wo study labor problems and attempt to deal with subjects such as life insurance ance for workers wage-workers we turn to see what you do here In Germany and we also 1 turn to see what the off far-off commonwealth commonwealth com com- of New Zealand Is lis doing When a great German scientist Is warring warring I against ag the most dreaded enemies of mankind man maD kind creatures of Infinitesimal size which the microscope reveals In his blood ho he may spend his holidays of study In central cen cen- tr l Africa or in eastern Asia ABla and he must know what Is accomplished In the laboratories of To Tokyo yo jU Just t as he ho must know the details of ot that practical application tion of science which has changed the Isthmus of ot Panama from a a. trap death-trap into what l Is a a. health resort Every progressive rog In China Is striving to introduce Intro intro- duce western methods of ot education and lI administration and hundreds of ot European and nd American books are re now tran Into Chinese The Influence of European governmental principles Is la strikingly Illustrated Il Illustrated illustrated Il- Il by the tho fact that admiration for them has broken down the tho Iron barriers of Moslem conservatism so that their introduction Introduction Introduction Intro Intro- has become a burning question In Turkey and Persia while the very unrest the Impatience of European or American control In India Egypt or the Philippines Philippines Philip Philip- pines takes the form of demanding demanding- that the government be assimilated more closely close close- ly to what It Is In England or the United States The deeds and works of any great statesman the of any great reat ethical social socia or political teacher now now find echoes in both hemispheres and In to every continent From a new discovery In science to a new method of combating or applying Socialism there Is no movement of note which can take place in any part of the globe without powerfully affecting masses of people in Europe America and ancl Australia In A Asia la and Africa For weal or or for woe the peoples of mankind are knit together far tar closer th than n ever before So much for the geographical g side of the expansion of modern civilization But only a few tew of the tho many and Intense activIties activities activities ac ac- ac- ac of modern civilization have found their expression on this side The movement movement movement move move- ment has been Just as as striking strIking- In Its conquest con con- con conquest quest over natural forces In Its searching Inquiry Into and about the soul of things Conquest Over Nature The conquest over nature has included an extraordinary Increase In every form of knowledge of the world we live In and also an extraordinary Increase in the tho power pow pow- er of utilizing forces of nature In both directions the advance has been very great during the tho past four or five centuries centuries cen cen- and In both directions It has gone one on with ever increasing rapidity during durIng- the last century After the great age of Rome had bad passed the boundaries of knowledge e shrank and In many cases It was not until well nigh our own times that her domain was once again pushed beyond the ancient landmarks About the year A A. A D. D Ptolemy the geographer err published his map of central Africa and md the sources of the Nile and this map was al almore more accurate than any which we had as late as as 1850 A. A D D. More was known of ot physical science and more of ot th then ruth about the physical world was guessed at In the days of ot Pliny than was known or guessed g until the modern movement be be- gan The case was the same sarno as regards reg-ards military science At the close of the Middle Middle Middle Mid Mid- dle Ages the weapons were what they had always been sword been sword shield bow spear and any improvement In them was more than offset by the loss In knowledge o of military organization In the tho science of war and In military leadership since the days of Hannibal and CaesarA Caesar A hundred years ago when when this university university university uni uni- was founded the method methods of ot transportation did not differ in he the essentials es essentials es- es from what they had been among the Ithe highly civilized nations of antiquity I I Travelers and merchandise went by land landIn In wheeled vehicles or on beasts of burden burden burden bur bur- den and by sea In boats propelled by sails or by oars and news was conveyed as It always had been conveyed A graduate graduate graduate grad grad- of your university today can go to mid-Asia mid or mid-Africa mid with far tar less consciousness consciousness consciousness con con- of performing a feat of note than would have been the case a hundred years ears ago with a student who who visited Sicily and Andalusia Moreover the Invention and use of machinery machinery machinery ma ma- chinery run by steam or electricity have worked worked a re revolution o In industry as great as the revolution In transportation so that here again the difference between ancient and modern civilization Is 18 one not merely of ot degree but of kind In many vital respects the tho huge hug modern city differs more from all preceding cities clUes than any of these differed one from the other and the tho giant factory town Is of ot and by Itself one of ot the most formidable problems of ot modern life Steam and electricity have given the therace therace therace race dominion over land and water such as It never had before and now the tho conquest conquest conquest con con- quest of the air Is directly Impending As books preserve thought ht through time so the telegraph raph and the telephone transmit it through the space they annihilate and therefore minds a are e swayed one by another an- an other without regard to the limitations of ot space a and d time which form formerly ry forced each community to work In comparative isolation It Is the same with the body as 38 with the brain The machinery of the factOr factory factory fac fac- tOr tory and the farm enormously multiplies bodily skill and vigor Countless trained are at work to teach us how to avoid or counteract the effects of waste In the Realm of Intellect The advances In the realm of ot pure Intellect Intellect intellect Intel Intel- lect have been of equal note and they have been both intensive and extensive Great virgin fields of learning and wisdom wisdom wisdom wis wis- dom have been discovered by the few and at the same time knowledge knowledg-e has lias spread among the many to a degree deg never dreamed of before Old men among us have seen In their own generation the therise rise of the tho first rational science of the evolution of life The astronomer and the chemist the psychologist and the tho historian historian historian his his- torian and all their brethren In many different different dif dlf- ferent fields of wide endeavor work worl with witha a training and knowledge knowledg-e and method which are In effect Instruments of precision precision pre pre- differentiating their labors from the labors of their predecessors as the rifle Is differentiated from the bow bon The play of ot new forces Is as evident Inthe in inthe inthe the moral and spiritual world as In the tho world of the mind and the body One Danger of Civilization One of the prime dangers of civilization has hns awa always s 's been Its tendency to pause clause ause the loss of the virile fighting fig virtues of ot the fighting edge edg-e. When men get too comfortable comfortable comfortable com com- and lead too luxurious lives there Is always ays danger lest the softness eat like an acid Into their manliness of fiber The barbarian because of the very conditions of ot his life is forced to keep and develop certain hardy qualities which the tho man of ot civilization tends to lose whether he be clerk factory hand merchant or even a certain type of ot farmer Now I will not assert that iii ht modern civilized society these tendencies have been wholly overcome overcome overcome over over- come but there has been a much much more successful effort to overcome them than was the case In the early carly civilizations This Is curiously shown by the military history of the Roman period as compared with the history of the last four tour or five fio centuries here In Europe and among nations nations' of European descent In the Grecian and Roman military history the change was steadily from a citizen army to an army of ot mercenaries In the days of ot the to early arly greatness of Athens Thebes and Sparta in the days when the Roman republic conquered what world It knew the armies were filled with citizen soldiers But gradually g the citizens re refused refused re- re fused to serve serve In the armies or became unable to render good service The Tho Greek states described by Polybius with but few tew exceptions hired others to do their fightIng fighting fight fight- ing for them The Romans of the days of Augustus had utterly ceased to furnish any cavalry and were rapidly ceasing to furnish an any Infantry to the legions and cohorts When the civilization came to toan toan toan an end there were no longer citizens In Inthe Inthe Inthe the ranks of the soldiers The change from the citizen army to |