Show DRINKS AND NARCOTICS ON wednesday evening january ath th professor james E talmage principal of the salt lake stake academy delivered a lecture in the sixth ward meeting house the object being the effects of seimu lards ante and narcotics the build lug g was crowded with an attentive audience who were deeply interest ea bd the speaker illustrated his subject by charts of the human thus giving a much better idea than could be conveyed with w out the charts the lecture confined a large amount of informs tion afon relative to the topic treated on nd we present the following synod prof of talmage said that he con the subject one of tion rather than entertainment it was of great importance to the world under existing circumstances and one in which sentiment has been substituted for hard facts and logical arguments many temperance lecturers have endeavored to work upon the sympathies of their hearers to gain their adherence and have drawn pictures of the results of the use of stimulants and narcotics I 1 shall present for consideration era tion only those facts that have been clearly developed and can be grasped by the understanding I 1 will here remark that habit is an important factor in connection with this subject by constant practice we may become accustomed to the use of anything even the most deadly poisons you sep see the child when it goes to the piano for the first time how clumsily its fingers move along the keys but after years y ears of practice you see developed the finished pianist whose delicate touch in no way resembles the early efforts you see the child at school when called to speak a piece for the first time how awkward and bashful he is but by the steady devel ment of practice in later years you behold the statesman whose eloquence holds his auditors spellbound some have said that habit is second nature it is not we have but one nature and habit becomes a part of that nature its paths are natural to us in whatever service we are in whether good or evil practice makes us perfect in this connection I 1 am reminded of the story of the bad boy whose mother had the habit of whipping him every day in order to keep an even account with his bad deeds no matter whether or not an offense was charged against him she gave him the thrashing on general principles one night her heart was more than usually tender and she omitted the accustomed flogging the boy retired to bed but not to rest he shifted uneasily about and finally came to his mother and asked her to whip him so that he could go to sleep whatever there may be in the story it is a correct principle that we can become used to just such things as these dr huxley tells a story to illustrate this principle the british soldiers obey the orders of their officers without question so thorough is their discipline ci the doctor relates that on one occasion he met an old soldier coming along with his arms full of parcels with a voice as nearly as possible resembling the tone of an officer giving orders he commanded attention the soldier instantly obeyed straightening himself up and dropping his parcels where he stood thus is our lifes training written in our very tissues in our very nerves the word stimulant is a study it has a meaning which we recognize in its very form it comes from the latin stimulus to spur to goad it was waa formerly applied to a spur or hook with which the horseman urged his animal to greater exertion it was also applied to a whip the term is now used to indicate that which gives apparent energy but who would think that a blow bouli give him increased energy it rather incites to more desperate action but no force or energy can be acquired from it there are some stimulants that our nature requires but these axe are not injected infected into the body by a system unnatural and injurious the stimulant that is best known among us is alcohol centuries ago the arab women used a cosmetic with which they thought to enhance their beauty when the habit was discovered the cosmetic was called al the deceptive or subtle thing it was thus properly named to te describe the hypocrisy which it bad been used to exhibit when the stimulant of which we are was discovered it was appropriately alcohol this liquid acts asab irritant ahn used in large quantities in small quantities it is an intoxicant the word into intoxication Is likewise worthy of notice it Is derl derived ved from the greek tk a term used to designate the poisoned arrows used in warfare war fiare these were of so deadly a nature that through the slightest wound sufficient poison was introduced into the body to cause speedy death it is an appropriate term by which to designate the deadly effects of the alcoholic stimulant for too often has this substance proved a poisoned dart and a cankering barb baab in the bosom of many an otherwise happy family pure alcohol is not found outside of the chemises laboratory it cannot be bought as a sa leable article it is a colorless fluid of feeble odor but producing a strong burning sensation if applied to the flesh not even the most hardened drunkard could survive the drinking of pure alcohol but it is present in all intoxicants in small quantities in beer there is I 1 per cent of alcohol the other 99 per cent is made up of other sab substances stances this proportion of alcohol is the secret of the creation of a craving cravi ng for beer lager beer contains 2 to 3 per cent of alcohol cider 5 to 7 per cent california wine 7 per cent rhine wine 7 to 10 per cent port wine 15 to 20 per cent madeira wine 20 per cent whisky 40 per cent brandy 60 50 per cent proof spirit 50 per cent and rum the he strongest of all 58 per cent these liquors all intoxicate and it is by this means that the poison is taken into the human fauman system there is another preparation containing alcohol and one that is exceedingly cee dangerous in this form alcohol is sold and purchased under a folse false name and is used by some ignorantly and by others with a knowledge of its nature I 1 refer to the various bitters stomach bitters Pier cers bitters Ho bitters and all others all of them contain alcohol or they would not become so popular althey as they are among some people pierces Pier cers bitters contain 6 ay 1 per cent of alcohol never less yet its proprietors say it is a cure cur of the alcoholic habiel like all of It ite eclas chaee after one dose you need another and so BO on vinegar bitters has 7 perk per cent coltof of alcohol and is sold by a firm thit that publishes a temperance almanac to advertise the stuff so called temperance bitters have 17 per cent of alcohol quaker bitters 28 per cont cent and puritan bitters 26 25 per cent this would seem enough to make the pilgrim fathers ashamed even though they are in their graves plantation bitters have 80 30 per cent and in Ho bitters there is over 48 43 per cent of this latter kind there is a large quantity sold and used in salt lake city among certain classes richardson bitters contain 69 59 per cent of alcohol I 1 per cent stronger than the strongest rum many know that doses of aliese bitters are simply the drams adrams of drunkards though there may be some who do not understand this fact these bitters should be sold only under license regulations concerning the liquor traffic and not as medicine this alcohol produces a remarkable effect in any form there are many kinds of food taken into our system in a lifetime for instance meat contains a large proportion of albumen as do bread and other substances aces uces the white of an egg is about as near pure albumen as we can get we will make a tog test in this respect the lecturer here placed the white of an egg in a tumbler and poured all alcohol cohol over it now would you think that with the man who takes his morning dram the effect in his bis stomach would be similar to that visible upon this egg yet so it is only with bitters 1 it takes iskes a little longer time than with pure alcohol but the same result is reached dr beaumont of canada by experiments peri ments performed on a man who met with an accident by which his stomach was laid open has practically witnessed and described the proem process of the operations of alcohol in the stomach this man alexis st maxtin martin was injured so badly that thel physicians were positive that he could not live yet he refused to die and in his skilful treatment of the ewe case the doctor left a part of the body open so that he could watch the workings of the stomach and the process of the digestion of food he observed the operations of alcohol in fix st martin martins s stomach and ascertained effect was similar to that upon the white of an egg which you see has haa become shriveled and hardened to a leathery consistency when a chemist wants to keep the body of a snake or frog or anything of the kind he places it in alcohol which preserves it unchanged i form except that it is somewhat shriveled food thus treated becomes almost indigestible through the action of the alcohol its effects are also seen upon the organs of the body if we take the body of a man and remove the skin or aD covering vering a process shown by means of charts we find the muscles all placed in a condition to be of the greatest service remove these vad and look beyond and we have the ribs the costal and muscles and the abdomen take off another portion and the lungs lung or lights and heart are visible cut through the lungs and you see within them the blood vessels cut deeper still and you find vessels some containing red and some dark blood the red is that which is aerated and pure to be sent forth into the veins 4 while the dark is that which has been through the body and has been brought back to be purified remove the heart etc and you see the back wall of the body and the liver stomach intestines etc cut into the liver and you perceive a collection J 1 of blood vessels connected with the portal vein through which all the blood passes on removing a little more we lay bare the oesophagus hagus tube connecting the throat and stomach through which the food is carried not because it runs down but by the expansion and contraction of a tube some of us when we go to a circus laugh to we see the clown drink uphill but we can see the same thing in a cow or a horse when it drinks if we cut into the stomach we will find a knotted condition caused by numerous glands and in these glands is the gastric juice produced dr beaumont saw this in st martin and found that this juice was absolutely necessary for digestion he even took some out and placed some food in it which was digested or reduced to liquid form and brought to a condition in which it could be absorbed attached to the stomach are the intestines remove these and you we see ahe the spleen and pancreas organs that have a demark lc able effect but whose office is not yet fully understood there are also the kidneys to remove all deleterious nitrogenous matter we have seen illustrated on the charts the organs in their natural state now lotus let us consider them til iu another way first take the stomach we have to eat a great deal in the course of a lifetime here are some figures representing the amounts which have been reached by careful experiments of course courno the calculation is based on an a variety of food if it was all one kind a larger quantity would be necessary if a 4 child were to have placed before lt it of the kinds of food named what it would eat in seventy years it would overlook something like this 30 oxen sheep calves tombs hamb 50 pigs if he used that kind hind of flesh 1200 fowls turkeys pigeons trout oysters pounds of vegetables pounds of butter eggs and ay 4 tons of bread if he were a tea and coffee drinker he would probably use gallons these amounts are given for the sustenance of an average healthy man to do this work the stomach needs to be taken great care of the effects of stimulants upon it have been shown by actual cases as I 1 know from my personal observation having witnessed the dissection of many men thus affected the inside of the stomach is of a delicate rosy tint tin tand and blood vessels cannot be seen A few glasses of beer cause Inflammation and the stomach looks as if red silken cords or a sharp knife had been drawn across it it looks something like the nose of a drunkard the painting of which is inimitable 11 once saw a man with a nose thus disfigured whom I 1 asked to bequeath it to me when he died that I 1 might dissect it he replied that it had cost him too much to paint to dispose of it in that manner one of the figures on the chart shows the condition of the stomach after its owner has been on a spree part of it has become decomposed the tissues are inflamed and become purple or red in color they are unable to digest food stid a man in that condition does not crave anything to 1 att at though he afterward becomes venous the stomach of a man who dies a drunkard Is baldly nicer balter ate dand is usually partly filled with blood men when they become subject to dellum cremens tremens tr emens have only a few patches of the interior tissue left it having been torn out by the alcohol one in this condition can live but a short time about five years ago I 1 was in saw an officer taking 0 drunken nian man to the police station I 1 became interested and watched them on the way a butcher Jut cher stall ww was reached the sight seemed to enkindle the feeling of hunger in the drunkard and he seized and greedily devoured some usages sausages the expression on his ados made him look like a wild beast devouring the entrails of an animal he fie waa taken to prison and his trial st ota for 6 next morning the hour when such cases are heard my interest brought we me there at the appointed time the man was dead J witnessed the disi dissection section of his body in the hospital later and his ulcerated stomach was fully as bad as that depleted depicted in this chart but it is not alone the stomach that Is ia affected by alcohol with moderate drinking blood vessels become visible in the intestines and as drinking of liquors continues they become decomposed in part under this condition a sudden movement a violent cough or anything of that nature may rupture the intestines or stomach and cause death in the kidneys whose office is to separate impure matter from the blood there is naturally little or no fat alcohol brings fatty degeneration of the kidneys so BO they cannot work and the matter that should be thrown off but is not gives rise to many distressing diseases the use of alcohol also produces hobnail liver in which the liver becomes hardened and filled with lumps lumm and the portal vein becomes contracted this retains the water wafer in the body and abdominal dropsy follows in many ewes cases the brain in its iti natural condition is most delicate in its structure those whose brains have become degenerated never have strong and healthy winds minds the brain is not the mini min 1 any more than the clothing is the body but the brain is an adjunct to the mind and if it is injured serious results follow the brain is provided by nature with means for protection in the skull and the effect of blows is partially deadened by the covering in which it is wrapped and re wrapped it also fills every cavity in the shuh skull there being no spaces left one seventh of the blood in the body goes regularly to the brain and with alcohol carried there by the blood a large proportion is taken dr cutler once examined a man who died in cremens tremens tr emens ile fie found on the brain several spoonfuls of a fluid smelling of gin and strong enough to burn bum carried there as alcohol if this stimulant hardens the albumen of the egg as you have seen what of its effect on the brain it Is analogous and the mind is correspondingly pon impaired thus the brain bisin is shri shrunken inken and pulpy and the head becomes to an extent empty this renders the brain liable to be shaken about and causes |