Show L A ke R JAP JAPAN USE SE agriculture interesting aej AN instructive ITEMS we vree haves have from a prepared prepare for the very IB lit tore eting outline yiew view of the th modes of ah culture 1 ture 7 and fertilizing in japan although tf be Japanese up to within the last lait few years haye have been classed among the barbarians barbarian er or th eath kath en nat bat ons one ai d may aay still be b I 1 heid held in i ch estimation by som BOB bt chrls chris mins wine their works and arts in many respects abou b for centuries past excluded frea frem all intercourse with the nation nations of entitle entitle entitle them ix lit respect to the tb more weighty components of true national prosperity and greatness to rank far aboy abare the vaunted achievements of those who haye hare with loud swelling willing word words paraded their birth and ani an edu edn cation in a christian caristina lanh land within the tb radius t the tuli full glory biazi blazi of f the nineteenth century dr II 11 maroa maros has haa nade aade a to the Mini minister jiten jiter ot of agriculture at 1 beun berlin OH ou japanese e hus husbandry bandry banary which is tull lull of interesting facts and eminently suggestive tho the th japan ese cultivator follows a routine which the ex pe clence ot of centuries bas baa kikta out ara ana kauh there is nothing about their system which indicates progress pro gress gresi their results result khow show thit that their actual state of t cultivation is far in advance of more civilized countries the area of t the tue japanese empire umpire is about the alde aide as that ct of great britain and ani ireland aud and ad contains a far larger population tiou yet great britain is alil olgea ged gea dot not only ta to import food from other countries 0 but to aiso also import lara iara lare ar quantities ties tiei of f fertilize fertl fertilizers liz ers erb to aid in raising railing eta ita cudby jofs japan on n the contra contrary rys ryo import imports nel nei ilar iler ber her grain nor min manures madures ures but bub eap exp sports otts otte considerable sid erable qua quantities of food this thib a is i the pres elt eit bt condition of japanese Jap aMese agriculture taken aa as a its to details are lot pot such dis eis s aoud b be carried out among aur ur peoples peo gleas pleas they bend beril the tae who e erlet ariet giss gies of a large majority of the population tiou to producing the greatest possible amount from froia a small snail area of roil roll the whole arable land of the country is divided u into plots of from fram two to aate UTO acres each and ana their agriculture would woula be considered by as a very mose dose system of gardewing gardo garde g aing xing the ile land laud is kept up to its greatest productive productiveness nes M and this is done by a system oc oe manu minu ramming ring am ard cult calt cultivation which may offer rome some suggestions to our own farmers in the first place the japanese Ja follow fellow deep tillage the arable soil bok box baz beveral several feet in thickness what is a wheat patch at one month is couver co averted ted in clr pirt inte into n a rice swamp the next one part of tue field id being belag and th earth thronia upon the other to make maue kt BB in elevated island fr for abe growth of sweet potatoes and other crops while the tue lower portion is ls flood flooded td v with ith water for the rice crop in this way the whale soil ia is frequently turned over to the depth ot of 2 or aj feet another pecullar peculiar peculiarity ity is ma bat the crops of whatever character are always grown in drills sown in this way they an receive the highest possible culture and special E each ach crop is grown with no lewerence deference ere lere rence to that whitall shall succeed it the system et of rotation aad bud fallows is unknown but bat the land is looked upon as ai a bank huch aich will honor any drafts made it if the drawer has only made caage a sufficient deposit a fikan finan manure tos toe ameant amount of manure on band baud determines the breadth of casid laad which the tha ja mancao pancao farmer farmen armr will BOW the peculiarity of japanese iltis litts husbandry bandry la that thab no animals are kept human hainan excrement forma forms the principal of il lu manure anure the japanese farmer does not hot airow alrow altow allow the crop to be eatha by cattie cattle and then return to the soil the manure from them bu he eats the crop himself with the tho help of his family and returns the manure directly to the soil the tha belh on 0 of the people prevents their eating any animal a toed food except bish tub and they eat the mollusks mol moi tusks or rbell fischli in great quantities and the tho manure from them thein is the only fertilizing mater maber at re returned to the land that does rot ROC come ot off of it on the firm firn human excrement is returned to the land from which the fod tod f od came carme and the bitis regularly return to toe country loads of human manure in exchange for the food which they receive aught 11 ht the country the greatest care is ex arc sed in preserving the night soil the cabinet or privy is an essential part of f the house of the poorest as well agot aa of tho tha wealthy A bucket or earthen vessel is placed where whereat it will receive the deposit and is provided with projecting ears into which a pole can be he inserted for the purpose of carrying the vessel at the towns and cities thousands of boats may be seen eyrly early each morning laden with high heaps of bucket full of the precious stuff stud which they carry from the canals in the cities to the country these boats comb coma and go with the regularity of the pos post it must be admit admitted tedo however however that it is a of martyrdom to be the tha conductor of a mail boat of this kind in the evening long strings of coolies arb ara met with oa on the road who having in the thil morning carri edthe produce of the country to the town are re fc home each with two buckets of ma I 1 fidure not in a solid adolid or form but fresu frest troa tho the a pr primma pricita ivita ot 01 paa maa aek ajr eio elo tio re which etton otton hav b brought mand tac fac t aured articles i ies les ailko liki i liko ilki oil lacquered goodgi bodi etc L ii a tance of 2 0 to miles from the interior to the capital are sent bent home again freighted reigh ted with baskets or buckets of manure manure in aeb sueh such cabes cages however care Is taken to ic Is leet solid excrements for the way in which the manure is treated trey ted we i better chaa to quote the language of this ini te fern tern tinn report toe the excrements are diluted with wilh water as 0 alker ar addition cf v f genry fifty at ki nd beir bein KH node mode ade I 1 flin thin and stirred until the entire m ss Is work ad d into a most intimately intermixed fine pap I 1 in rainy weather the vessel 1 in cohered cob cot ered with wita a movable root roof rot to shield it from the rain in dry weather this Is i removed to allow the action of the tun and wind the solid iia lia grodi ento onto of the pap gradually subside side tide and hind fermentation en gets sets eta in the water evaporates by this time the vessel vesel in the privy is i again ready for empt tug lur A fresh quantity of water is added adde the le whole mass is again stirred and most intimately mixed together in a short abort treated exactly like the firof emptying the same game process is repeated until the cask or pan ia is full after the last lait supply of f ments menti and thorough mixing the mass is idt iet according to the state of the weather for two two tyro or three weeks longer or until it is required for use but under BO no circumstance is th the it man manure ure urb ever employed in the fresh state T the ike entire course of 0 proceeding clearl shows that th at the japanese are no partisans of the nitrogen theore and that they only care forth for As solid parts of the lug dung I 1 hey they leave the ammonia to by lle the artion action of the sun BUD and its volatilization by the wand but out take the greatest kr earest care to shie ehle d the toe solid i ingredients from being heing wasta or swept away I 1 by liy rain ac AS the peasant however pays his rent to his landlord not in cash but in a certain stipulated ted percentage of the pro produce dLCe of his fields he be argues quite logically that the supply of manure from froin his privy must ne be insufficient to prevent the bradu al exhaust on an oe of the soil of 0 bla hia farm notwithstanding withstanding the marcellous marvellous marv ellous richness of the latter alter and in spite of the additional supply of ma nurias matier matter derived froni from the water of the brook or canal from which aich he tie takes his big material for irrigation tion ile he pi pl ices therefore wherever his bia field is bordered ly by public reads footpaths foot paths ac casks or pas p As buried in in th the 9 ground nearly to the tir rim urgently requesting the traveling public to make ue use of tue the same to show how bow universally haily Lally the eco comical value of manure is felt kni ini ani apreci a abed afe ate ia in all ail a if classes of society in cipan from the hifle t to the lowest I 1 need simply state the fact tact that in all ail my lay wanderings through the country even in the mos remote valleys and IH hi the homesteads and cottages cotra cotta gei of the vry very poorest of the peasantry I 1 uever coula could Ai gistover disc Aise stover oven over even in the most secret and setla secluded corners corn rs the least trace of human e ments how very verj Ji different Merent with us in germany and in america ED where it may ba be geen seen lying about in every direction even close to the privies ebi eel I 1 need not mention that the th manura manuro hus bus left by benevolent travelers is treated exactly in the game saint way as the family tamil y manure ne ja japanese farmer prepares also compost eom eam pott As bo he keep no cattle to turn his bis straw etc tc into manure he la Is forced to incorporate this part of hist blit hl produce with the soil without 2 the method puis pursued tied to effect this object consists simply in trie trio concentration of the materials chaff chopped straw I 1 horse dung excrement gathered ga hered in lit the hi high b way ways steps stepa tops and leaves of turnips peelings pe elings of bf yama yams and sweet potatoes and all the offal of the farm farra are carefully mixed with a little mold up in sma J heap heaps i moistened and covered with a straw thatch I 1 of ofton en sa saw baw also in this compost heaps of bhella ad and of mus sies and anil snails sn aiila with which most moat oc of the mulcts and broods brooks abound and which in all parts close to he the may I 1 bo be obtained ia e tas tag compost i heaps are occasionally moistened and turned with the shovel antl anil thua the process ot of decomposition proceeds rapidly under the pow erful action of the sun I 1 have also of en seen the horter process of or reduction by fire resorted to when there was plenty of straw or where the tha manure was required requires ed for use I 1 e fore it could ba be got ready for use by the slow aloft er fermentation procesa sf 11 it will be seen fron from the foregoing that the Japan capanes esp farmer applies his manure manhire only as a top creasing sing and in the liquid form tle tae the ile in manure a u b bong fully ferm term fermented entea is brought into imme immediate diat e contact with the seed noh not on only ly witti without out injury but with decided berle belle benefit git fit to ita its early growth another feature which characterizes acte actori ibb iea their culture is the mahu ring with every crop eh rich sowing receives refet vea the nece sary amount of linure and a full return is expected from frona the immediate crop without reference to the next harvest vve lve have introduced trod this subject to show that for thou sands of years a a system of agriculture has been carried on mainly by the a aid ald d of humain excrement in the hope it ef in acing our leaders to add ald this elem element ent of fertl fertility ity to their farms there exists a sort of prejudice a against alast the use of night soil as a marit manur lre tre A beneral general knowledge of chemistry would aou d dissipate this thia and anti other notions human i ment as well as that of aniza anina als alB cout contains ains dins el em emata which are arc needed for the growth of the plant it matters nothing from what source these are obtained the wondrous processes going on within the plant wll wil convert hese these elements into food every thoughtful person persan irm uru san son will see that it ia Is maans mans duty when be he has taken taj th products of the soil soll for tor food to reburn return to it those port portions lons ions which are not act beeda needa ia in lma lua own system but which are ere ac at cording to the th operations operation of niti nature lie yol Tol dedla dedia hab anch a nate date as to demand their removal re moral an and add d which form vau van yau abl plantford plant food worms ibb baag AS and country gent Gest gentleman ieman lemas continue to t grace graze our table tabi having not only steadily tea llly illy lily maintain eit but materially enhanced their former friner standard 0 of f excellence during the pat past two or three tire years we ave regard them bero aa as pillars in the temple tempie of 0 the horticulturist and journal of rural and teste taste om one af f the oldest publication publications of f this thi i kind in the country Is also a moat wool accetta j ble bit monthly visitor r I 1 |