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Show THE PAGE TWO News Review of Current Events the World Over Supreme Court Bars Reservations to Oath of giance Economy Plana for Post Office Department Are Announced. Alle- of emergency Items drought relief FIVE Justices United and highway construction. These J -- a decisions of the TWO other court during the weok are of great interest. One reversed the Judgment of the Circuit Court of Appeals sustaining the patent granted Dr. Irving Lunginuir ra-In 1925 on vacuum tubes used In dio and other processes. The patent is owned by the General Electric company, it was attacked by the De Forest Radio company, which contended that unless the Langmulr patents were set aside General Electric would have a virtual monopoly of the radio tube now in common use. In the second decision the powers of the federal trade commission to regulate advertising are restricthad ordered ed. The commission the Kaladam company of Detroit to cease advertising an obesity remedy as "safe" unless accompanied by a statement that It should be taken under advice of a physician. The commission held it had the right to protect the public in this way, hut the Detroit concern complained that the body was trying to censor advertising. In this contention it was upheld by the court. speech-reproductio- n AUGUST PICCARD, PltOF. scientist, and his assis- new record by ascending 52,500 feet In a balloon. They are convinced they reached the stato-spheand that their observations will be of considerable value. They started from Augsburg, Bavaria, being hermetically sealed In an aluminum ball suspended from a large balloon ; 18 hours later they landed on a glacier in the Alps of Austrian Tyrol. They nearly suffocated because their supply of oxygen ran short, and they suffered from hunger and thirst. re time Hoo- ver takes some cabinet member to the Rapidan for a camp week-end- , further plans for reducing the gov- d over-heaernment's are concocted. First came the Army and Navy and departments, then it was the turn of the Post Office department Postmaster Gen. Brown Postmaster General Walter Brown and his assistants were the guests and the "victims," and after the conference In the woods it was announced that a program had been adopted that would save $38,000,000 in the present fiscal year and that would produce many economies next year. However, It was emphatically stated that efficiency would be In- creased instead f diminished and that there wouli be no decrease In personnel. The statement Indicated that the department has felt the depression. It was estimated that due to business conditions revenues to the department this year would be below the original estimates. O F SECRETARY seems to be five-yea- year's Memorial day by President Hoover was delivered In the memorial park at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, where George Washington and his ragged troops spent a terrible winter 153 years ago, and where more than 3,000 of those patriots are burled. The exercises of the day were ImTwo thousand troops pressive. acted as escort to President and Mrs. Hoover and a battery from Phoenlxville fired the salute. In his address Mr. Hoover reviewed his past policies In International matters and outlined his plans for the future, especially concerning the reduction of armaments. The night preceding this, the President was the guest of the Union League club of Philadelphia at a banquet where be was presented with an oil portrait of him- THIS self. from ninny lands were present when International the conference labor opened In Geneva, but . the United States was not represented. Secretary of Labor Doa k appointed EXPERTS Miss Mary Anderson, chief of the woman's bureau, as the American delegate and she sailed May 12, with the special hope that the conference might adopt an agreement banning night work by women. But Just after Miss Anderson reached Europe Mr. Doak sent her a cable instructing her to stay away from Geneva and giving her other missions for the department. Making his action public, the labor secretary merely said the State department had deemed It "wholly inadvisable" to have any one from the United States government at Geneva, either in official or unofficial capacity. Miss Mary Anderson VfRS. HARRY PAYNE WI1IT-ney'- s memorial typifying the heroism of the men who went down with the Titanic in order that women and children might be saved was unveiled on the bunks of the Potomac in Washington in the presence of President and Mrs. Hoover, and many other prominent persons. Secretary of State Stim-sopresided at the ceremony. The statue Is the contribution of more than 20,000 American .women. n a tant, Charles Kipfer, established EVERY totaled $100,000,000, providing aid for stricken farmers and Jobs for the unemployed. Drought loans will be collected from farmers next fall, when their crops are harvested. States which have borrowed from the $80,000,000 emergency highway fund will rer pepay the money over a riod through deductions from their regular shares of federal aid. After deducting extension service and land grant college funds, between $10,000,000 and $50,000,000 remains for the department's actual expenses. I fore- stalling these Rapidan camp operations by planning considerable economies In his department of expenditures, though tills la difficult without curtailing Important services. He will be aided during the year by the termination of two XJICHELE SCHIRRU, on Ital-In- n born naturalized citizen of the United States, was executed by a firing squad In Rome after being convicted of plotting to kill Mussolini and of other activities against Faclsm. Shirru admitted his guilt, but said his plans had been abandoned and he was about to return to America when ar- rested. T NVESTIGATION Qeneral PersHinq's Story of the A. E. F. come. conThe troversy fulls In the latter category. The charges are that Indiana's advocates have been too Influential and have somehow or other put "Indluna limestone" Into the specifications for too many government buildings. e llmentone-grnnite-marbl- of the American the Control of Cancer have given out a report asking hospitals and universities to In the organization of speclnl cancer Institutes, services and clinics throughout th United This States. effort, the report states, offers a hope of making more effective the present attempts "to reduce the frightful mortality from this disease." The report says cancer took more than 100,000 lives In this country In 1920, being exceeded only by heart disease as a principal cause Of death. 1 of the building material Industry, especially those phases of it Involved In the letting of contracts for government buildings, has been begun by the federal trade commission. It is believed that the inquiry will throw a lot of Senator light on the long Shipstead existing fight be tween the Indiana limestone men and the granite and marble men of New England. Such, at least. Is the hope of Senator llonrik Shipstead of Minnesota, who introduced the resolution calling for the investigation. The trade commission, announcing that preliminary work already had been started, said: "In this Inquiry the commission will investigate and report facts relating to the letting of contracts for the construction of government buildings, particularly with a view of determining whether or not there are or have been any price fixing or other agreements, understandings or combinations of Interests among Individuals, partnerships, or corporations engaged In the production, manufacture or sale of building materials with respect to the prices or other terms at or under which such materials will be furnished contractors or bidders for such construction work." Senator Shipstead said he Introduced the resolution because of complaints that such collusion between the purveyors of building materials did exist and because of further complaints, seemingly aimed at the handling of contracts by the EXILE from and pulsion from royal family 4 that country Is fate arranged ex- the of the for Queen Helene, the estranged wife of Carol. AcKing cording to Patrla, the official organ of the Zaranlst party a In Bucharest, decree has been Helena Queen urafted for submission to the new parliament confirming Helen's ex-Is clusion and declaring that she no longer entitled to the rights and honors accorded to royalty. Parliament Is expected to adopt the measure as soon as It assembles, and Helene will leave the country permanently soon thereafter, terminating her uncertain marital status of more than two years. Observance of the queen's saint day last Thursday was forbidden In an order Issued by War Minister and authorized by Premier Jorga. Helene divorced Carol while he was In exile In 1928 with Magda Lupescu. When he made a dramatic flying return to Bucharest last year she spurned his overtures toward a reconciliation and steadfastly refused to be crowned with (CoprrUht. 14)!. U (11 couatrU by tka North Amiiu Nmnarn AUiaaca. World riahta rMrvd. tndudiaa tb bcaadiaaTUa. ia pan pcohihtiau.) lUproductioa la vhoU -- WNU8rrk do so. In the afternoon, at M. Painleve's request, I called on him, and be also told me of the proposal to form a supreme war council and wanted me - to go to the conference In Italy. I gave him the same 1 ' IT V world. The people had hoped that the money would go toward lightening their tax burdens; but the war minister explains that only .$4,000,-00- 0 a year will be saved through the readjustments planned, and this amount, while hardly noticeable in any tax reduction program, will greatly aid the nation in placing the army on a level with that of Soviet Russia and other countries which maintain effectively equipped forces. SPAIN'S new gov- ernment Is far from being stabilized yet. Its troubles, both external and internal, continue to cause some uneasiness. Accord ing to tlie authori- ties in Andalusia martial law which was Zf proclaimed there several weeks ago may have to be Don Francisco lndefi- continued Aquilera nitely because of the turbulence of the Communists. Also, martial law has been reinstated in Elda, Valencia, where there was a violent revolt last December. The army, now under command of Don Francisco Aguil-erthe new captain general. Is kept In readiness to suppress any uprising anywhere, of either Communists or royalists. Elections in Catalonia resulted In complete victory for Colonel Francisco Macia's party. The other day the Republican government issued a decree guaranteeing absolute freedom of worship to all religions. The pope regarded this as a clear violation of the concordat still in existence between Spain and the Vatican, and he sent a formal protest to Madrid after a conference with Cardinal Segura, the expelled primate of Spain. a, THROUGH Its chairman, J. the national crime commission makes a report asking all states to pass a uniform law regulating theft Information, ownership records and registration to check the growing evil of automobile thefts and the use of stolen cars by criminals. The committee also recommends the enactment by congress of the bill which makes criminal the transportation In interstate or foreign commerce of property stolen or taken feloniously by fraud or with the Intent to steal or purloin. The bill passed the house of representatives but did not reach the senate during the last session of congress. changed his mind appealing from his conviction and sentence for bribery, Albert B. Fall, former secretary of the Interior, has asked the Supreme Court of the United States to reverse the decision of the District His brief atCourt of Appeals. tacks the validity of the Indictment and the admission of certain evi- HAVING dence. ((c). 1921. Western Newsparw L'aion.l . . 4 A ja . Graves of Corporal J. B. Gre6ham reply that I had given Mr. Lloyd George. Shortly thereafter the Rapallo was held, resulting in an agreement - among the prime ministers of the governments participating. Great Britain, France and Italy. meeting Approved by Wilson. Tlie creation of the council did not meet with universal approval, tlie commanders of the British and French armies and many high officials in civil circles being opposed to It. Military commanders were afraid it would result In undue interference with the conduct of operations and in derision It was often referred to as the Soviet. The action of the three governments at Rapallo was approved by President Wilson, November 17, and tliut fact appeared in the press a day or so later. The President's action strengthened the hands of those who favored the council and probably became the Influence that saved it. The fact Is that If the French and British army commanders, In a friendly spirit of had made a joint study of the military problem of the western front as a whole end then had seriously undertaken to pull together, as though under one control, the supreme war council would never have been born. The supreme war council made a favorable start and gave the Im pression that a wise and conservative exercise of Its really unlimited powers would characterize Its acIt refrained from interfertions. ing directly with military com mnnders and operations and con fined itself largely to questions of policy, such as the of allied resources and the con servalion and distribution of allied strength. However, as time went on, the supreme war council as sinned greater and greater author Ity over military questions. Conflict With Wilson Ideals. As to the political situation, the undercurrent at the moment, as nearly as could be learned, showed a continued lack of accord among the different nations, which were not at all In agreement with President Wilson's Ideals. Each had its own aspirations and each sought to gain some advantage Some of the over the others. divergent war aims had to do with territory distant from France and troops were sent that might have been more usefully employed on the western front In a letter to Secretary of War Baker I Inclosed a memorandum which was a report of a conversation held by a man In my confidence with a British official high up In the counsel of Great Britain. The date of this conversation was October 24, 1917. "Perhaps it should not be taken too seriously," I wrote, "but It Is an Indication of the British attitude." Sees Difference in Aims. In this conversation the British official declared: "The European allies and Amer- ica are not fighting for the same thing. Mr. Wilson thinks a great deal more of his Ideas of people governing themselves, or a friendly John J. Pershing working arrangement among all many'a bent determination 193X to crutih the allies before our soldiers could arrive In sufficient numbers to dominate the battlefield. Faced Defeat With Allies. "I am especially concerned that Our estimates of the shipping for our troops should not be engaged Id actual fighting In France until troops and supplies as set forth In they are there In sucb numbers the plan by which a due proportion, and have made sucb thorough of combat and line of communication troops were to form such Inpreparation that their first appear-to crement of six divisions would reance will be encouraging both their own morale and to tne spirit quire by June 1, for the shipment I think It goes of 'M divisions, a total of over ,.r nonnia iiorft without saying that the Germans 2.000,000 tons. No one seemed to will make a very special effort to know where we were to obtain the strike swiftly and strongly against 1.400.000 tons of shipping In additons we were any part of the line which we un- tion to the 000,000 dertake to defend. In order to en-be then supposed to be using. It appeared almost certain then able to report to their people . couragingly about our participation that should disaster befull the aland also with the object of discour- lied armies under these conditions we would have to go down with aging our soldiers and our people them. as much as possible. I always felt certain, however, "In the matter of selecting corps and division commanders I con- that tonnage could be found for if the necessary presstantly feel that I ought to have our purpose were exerted to force It Into your advice and Judgment From sure use. Appeals were made continuall that you have said, supplemented by all I have learned elsewhere, ously and persistently In an effort the need for young and physically to get action on this vital question, months elapsed before strong men Is apparent and I am but several really tame. perfectly willing to go any limit it Taken as a whole, the apparentIn meeting this requirement progress of our prepara"It will, of course, necessitate ly slow tion In Europe also caused considpassing over a substantial number erable adverse comment. If1 not of our older generals who are very among the allies. Inquiries eager to go to France and who In dismay, were made directly by the military their own Ideas and that of the and officials as to why we did country have certain right to be not civil move more rapidly, to which But their occupation preferred. here In the training of troops Is. the reply was always, "lack of of course, a valuable contribution shipping." New British Offensive. to the cause and, whenever I can Immobilized by tbe mud of feel sure in the selection of the younger man that be actually has Flanders, where British attacks CHAPTER XX bad continued Intermittently from Soon after the first division en- the capacity to develop to a suffi- the end of to justify his being July to tbe middle of tered a quiet sector of the Vosges cient extent with rather excessive a man of greater ex- November, the peaceful aspect of the situa- preferred I toshall losses, tbe British commander in not hesitate." tion was disturbed by a German perience chief turned to a more southerly raid on an Isolated post of the Sixportion of his line for the final ofCHAPTER XXI teenth infantry November 3, 1917. fensive of tlie year. Choosing tbe A group was caught In a box barThe units of the Twenty-sixt- h Cambrat front on which to launch rage, and although the men made division, MaJ. Gen. Clarence Ed- the effort, careful preparations, Ina courageous resistance three were wards commanding, began to a Itbe concentration of an unkilled, five wounded and twelve 'll ve the latter part of September, cluding usual number of tanks, were made continued during October and the to captured. Insure a break through the eneThese were the first casualties early part of November, and were defenses. Tbe tanks and the my's area In had in our that the billeting occurred army to now assembled Infantry were to make an opening near Neufchnteau. through wblcb the cavalry was to I Inspected the division Novemand attack the flanks of the pass 1917. the found various and ber 11, Then French troops held enemy. a very in readiness organizations presented in the vlcinty were to creditable appearance. The officers follow. As to the question of comseemed alert and military and the mand of these combined forces personnel looked strong and vigor- when both should become engaged ous. Their Instruction had been It was to be left to the senior gencarried out under the direction of eral officer in who Brigadier General Traub, one of might be either French or British. and In the brigade commanders, going over these plans It seemed seemed to be well advanced. me that their Idea of securing The probable situation as to man to after tbe French power In which the allies would should begin participation was find themselves In the spring was rather vague. causing much solicitude. The GerDuring the day we first went to mans had captured Riga In September. Kerensky's power was at an visit General liyng, commanding end and the Bolshevik government the Third army,of who explained J. f the attack and was established, with Lenin and further details the He already made. Trotzky In control. The situation and progress his chief of staff were busy was such that Russia had become as far as as- receiving news from the front nnd irwfr.ifiiiMiiif entirely negligible to the allies was con- felt that ail was going well. sistance and Privates Enright and Hay. British Victory Spurs Allies. cerned. e An analysis of the possible The attack was made on a units serving In the trenches. The contestant showed front and the British had the dead were Corporal James B. strength of the would be able to advantage from the outset The Gresham and Privates Thomas F. that Germany a considerable number of di- sudden debouchment of the long spare D. all and Merle of Enright Hay, visions from the Russian front. line of tanks, closely followed by Company F. by my staff, in cothe Infantry, all without the usual The French took charge of the Careful study with the allied staffs, warning of long preliminary artilfunerals and turned out a formal operation had led to the conclusion that her lery bombardment, completely surguard In addition to our own. Tlie total number in the west by The tanks spring prised the Germans. services were conducted by the would be as many ns 217, not broke wide gaps In the wire and French General Bordeaux, who the possibility of the add- subdued the machine-gunests, came with his full staff and deliv- counting strength of 48 divisions from aiding the Infantry through tlie ered a beautiful oration over the ed Austria. The greatest number the defenses with a minimum of loss. graves. A large number of French allies could muster, The front was rather narrow, according to troops came Informally to pay their estimates, would be 100 divisions, considering the depth of the obfinal tribute. This joint homage to two American. A maximum Italy jectives. gain of our dead there under the fire of the counting could not be counted on to do more some four a half miles was guns seemed to symbolize the com- than barely hold her own, even secured the and first day, and a greatmon sacrifices we were to make In with the help of the eleven allied er result was prevented. It was the same great cause. on that front. divisions then said, by a serious check to tlie Ammunition Question Acute. Other American divisions might tanks at Flesquieres. The ammunition question again 1 In be if For some reason or other the Europe by May became acute at that time, despite possibly arrive according to French were not called Into action, our agreement with the French and they should was which doubtful, but but presumably It was because the their positive assurance that they schedule, would be too late to particiBritish cavalry, which was to prewould make prompt deliveries, but they in the pate expected early spring cede them, could not go forward their explanation was that we had campaign. At the slow rate of ar- as planned. The offensive continnot furnished the full amount of rival we should not have more than ued for two or three days longer raw material required. half of the 21 divisions promised with varying success. It was. how- In my early reference to the prospects of procuring artillery of 75mm. and 155mm. calibers and ammunition for its use. It had been expected that nothing should diminish our efforts at home In their manufacture, but when the probability of delay and possible failure of the French to furnish ammunition for these guns was reported to Washington my cable met with the complacent reply, much to my surprise, that "the French govern ment must furnish It, for there is no other way of getting it. At the present time there is not In this country any actual output of ammu nition of the type mentioned. None has been expected." Home Ports Overcrowded. The difficulty of providing the French with raw material was largely traceable to the lack of ship ping, and, of course, the unscientific use of what we had. The fact Is that the ports at home were overcrowded with all sorts of material and supplies awaiting vessels The French had over 000,000 tons uaC of supplies at seaboard, which they were unable to move, and were Doughboys in the Trenches In Winter-Titr- . clamoring for 150,000 tons addi- K . 1. - ,1- . . . tional steel rails. ,uy me war aepunment reaay ror ever, a decided victory, and, while As the situation In which we service by June. not as great as the British found ourselves regarding artillery In this war, where the battle ed, It gave encouragement expectto ammunition was approaching a lines extended across entire coun- allies on the western front and the no crisis. It became necessary to lay tries, and in which the qualities doubt helped to offset temporarily the whole question before the In- of the opponents were about equal, the depressing effect of the serious terallied munitions board. After a the strategical aspect largely re- defeat recently sustained by the full Investigation of their resources, solved Itself Into a consideration of Italian army. both the French and British con- the number and location of dicluded that they could undertake visions on either side. The situaCHAPTER XXII to meet our requirements, with the tion was of such a character that An mission headed by distinct understanding that their it was a question which side could Col. E.American M. House arrived in Frnnce plants must be greatly Increased In provide the superiority of forces toward the end of November for an capacity and that we should furnish necessary to success. In other Interallied conference. Other memraw material promptly. words, the outcome would bers of the mission were Admiral The late Gen. Tasker II. Bliss, upon the number of troopsdepend that W. S. Benson; Gen. Tasker II. chief of the War department gen America could send over. Bliss, chief of staff; Oscar T. Croseral staff, represented us In the alAll eyes were on the eastern for the Trensury department; lied conference and reported the front. To allied statesmen the col- by, Vance McCormlck, chairman of the results and agreements reached. He lapse of Russia meant possible war trade board; Balnbrldne Colbv, had brought the latest data from grave political consequences; to shipping board; Alonzo E. Tavlor. home and his knowledge concernthe allied commanders It foreenst Thomas N. Perkins, war Industries, ing steel and mnnltions enabled bltn th? release of approximately 100 and Paul Cravath. to give valuable assistance to my divisions and the Increase In the (TO BE CONTINUED.) chief of ordnance In our efforts tc enemy's ranks In Belgium and find a solution to the difficult inn northern France to a Biblical Landmark nltlons problem. ance that could not be preponderovercome. Bethlehem Is located In Palestine, Baker Writes of Problems. To us it Indicated a race between a country southwest of Syria. The A Iptter from Secretary of Wai America's best effort to our village wns about five miles from Baker, dated September 10, bad fighting men Into France pour and Ger- Jerusalem. mi: REFORM 4 Ci Qeneral the great powers after the war, than he does of territorial or specific things going to this or that country. What be wants Is to smash the German military power and have a society of democratic But to Engnations afterwards. land, France and Italy these things are phrases, useful, perhaps, but of secondary Interest. "England wants to maintain ber colonial possessions to keep her position on the sea, and her commercial place In the world. We know what France wants Alsace Lorraine, as Indemnity and security for the future. Italy has definite teriltorial claims. Thus the governments of these countries think a great deal about what they want for themselves and less about Ideals, unless these Ideals are Incidental to success. So there Is no clear unity among the allies In Europe and America." CHAPTER XIX Continued. admitted tliut such an organization might serve to unite the allies In common purpose, but that the conduct of operations by the combined armies should be under military direction. I got the distinct Impression that while he was seeking to secure greater unity of action, he also sought some means of controlling the activities of the British army. During previous months that army had been enIn almost continuous offengaged sive operations, practically single-handewith very heavy losses and few compensating advantages. Mr. Lloyd George went on to say that there was to be a meeting of the prime ministers at Rapallo, Italy, and that he hoped they might reach some agreement that would result In a council such as he had In mind. He thought that the United States ought to be represented at this meeting and suggested that I should attend. As the purpose of a council seemed to be more for political than for purely military control, I told him that It seemed best for me not to participate without some Intimation from my government to I him. and retrenchment In army of Japan have been decided upon by War Minister Gen. Jiro Min.imi, Chief of Staff Gen. Hanji Kanaya and Gen. Nobuyoshl Muto, Inspector general of military Tlie army personnel education. will he reduced by 25.000 and the savings will be devoted to making the army the best equipped in the recently been received, and bis gave me an Idea of some of fol- problems. In part he wrote aa only DIRECTORS Dy EDWARD W. PICKARD States Supreme court have ruled. In tlie case of Prot Douglas C. Macintosh of tlie Yule divinity ichool, that a foreigner who seeks Amercitizenship ican must take the oath reservano with tion about taking for the Justice up arm country In time of Sutherland war. Macintosh re fused to swear allegiance without limiting Ills obligation to bear arms, and therefore Is denied the right of naturalization. The same decision was mode In the case of Miss Marie Averill Bland, Both she and Macintosh are Canadians and both saw wartime service In France. Justice Howard Sutherland, who wrote the majority opinion, held that the cases properly came within the principle laid down In the case of Itosika Schwlmmer, pacifist leader, who was denied citizenship on virtually the same grounds. He discussed the broad omnipotent war power granted congress by the Constitution, saying: "From Its very natnre, the war power, when necessity calls for Its exercise, tolerates no qualifications or limitations unless found in the Constitution or In applicable principles of International law." The conscientious objector," Justice Sutherland added, "Is relieved from the obligation to bear arms In obedience to no constitutional provision, expressed or Implied ; but because, and only because, It has accorded with the policy of congress thus to relieve him." Chief Justice Hughes, Joined by Brnndeis and Justice Holmes, Stone, dissented from the majority opinion. government Itself, that specifications for buildings were so framed that they unfulrly limited the sources from which materials could Thursday, June 4, NEPIII. UTAH TIMES-NEW- u .'. s- six-mil- n ZSL3 |