OCR Text |
Show THE BULLETIN Patriotism, Strife, Achievement Marked Our First U. S. Congress Meeting Just 150 Years Ago It Enacted Measures Which Gave Force to Constitution; Assured Bill of Rights; Established Federal Judiciary, Executive Departments, Tariff System and Financial Stability, and Set New Nation on Road to Liberty and Progress C IWNU Service). By RAYMOND PITCAIRN HORSEBACK, by stage- BYcoach, aboard the coast-wis-e sailing tossing vessels of the period, there journeyed, just a century and a half ago this year, some four-scomen, representing state then in our fedevery or '(fi!tty4jjrt S drywrfjJ. . f iVilftftrtfl. . .. fci'Jrty sesqui-centen-ni- al those travelers were whose names were illusthen as now. There were Among 0 many trious, James Madison and James Mon- roe, destined to become Presidents of the United States. Richard Henry Lee, Robert Morris and Charles Carroll, signers of the Declaration of Independence, were included in their numbers; as were also Rufus King, Roger Sherman and Pierce Butler, who had helped write the federal Con' . . tHnijAlMUfh... SfcfwW' ..... p. iHjfmt. AiyHn tJCIlflA- - CatttfNI Jyr- - J? $ S m f . MS. mm n s JS . fy .V-- m 7. ... .5.. A. - ...... !t v . - . m - a. mm m .. m . . . - . . ...... m - - a. freshly-refurbish- ed epoch-makin- months of !' m m m m By C. HOUSTON GOUDISS are inseparably linked in any FOOD ofand drink the nutritional needs of man. It is, therefore, in response to a fundamental need that we include some kind of bp v prape in everv meal, no matter how simole or how elab- WcM-acrernntain nrnt tho fnnH mav Kp For water which is as necessary to the human body as air. of Approximately the body is composed of water. The refreshing beverages inIt is found in the muscles, in clude fruit juices, fruitades and the brain tissue, in the various carbonated drinks, such as ginger ale and sarsaparilla. They are ef organs such as liver and fective in quenching thirst and neys, and even in the bones. their appetizing flavors encourage Every cell in the body is de- the drinking of generous amounts also contribute pendent upon water for its of water. They to the diet in pro values energy proper functioning. portion to the amount of sweeten ... m m m m 9. Page in the Journal of the First Congress of the United States for April 6, 1789, giving the electoral vote and certifying the election of President George Washington and Vice President John Adams. ... whole people the peaceful arbitrator in all questions touching the extent and sway of constitutional power . . . the great moral substitute for force in controversies between the people, the states and the Union." Enacted financial measures, conceived by Alexander Hamilton, which lifted both the nation and the states out of a morass of debt and bankruptcy caused by war and unstable government, and set the country firmly on the road to prosperity. "He smote," said Daniel Webster of Hamilton and his measures, "the rock of national resources, and copious , ds ily. Actually the first congress of the United States got off to a late start. It had been called for March 4, 1789, and, technically, began on that date; but delays, due largely to rough roads, made the necessary quorum in both houses impossible until early April. Once convened, the congress sat through three sessions, and in two cities the first session in New York, from April until September 29, 1789; the second, also in New York, from January 4 until August 12, 1790, and the third in Philadelphia, from December 6, 1790, until adjournment on March 3, 1791. .Conflicting Policies. Nor were its "works accomplished in that perfect harmony which their ultimate success might suggest. Bitter were many of the discussions, and caustic some of the personal attacks that marked the debates. During its sessions were fought issues that introduced many of the great party controversies which were to rise and fall throughout the whole future political history of the nation. The conflict between adherents of a strong central government and those who would alist have power reside in the vs. Hamilton vs. Jefferson actually created and consistently influenced our political system. But the inspiring pageant that dramatized the beginning of our federal government thrust into the background for a while all those lurking difficulties. This was the inauguration of George Washington as President of the United States. Under the Constitutional provisions of that period, the counting .of the electoral vote for President had been the first important duty of congress. Washington's selection was a foregone conclusion, and the count confirmed popular approval. He received 69 votes, representing the whole number of electors casting ballots. Votes for the second candidate, who was to be vice president, were more scattered, but John Adams had been chosen. It is interesting to observe on the list of those for whom electoral votes were cast the now famous name, Lincoln I This, however, was Gen. Benjamin Lincoln, a hero of the Revolution. More than 70 years were to pass before Abraham Lincoln was nominated and elected under conditions vastly different but scarcely less serious to the future of our federal union. On March 3,. 1791, the first congress of the United States came to a close in historic Independence square, Philadelphia, where the third and final session had been held. Effectively it had fulfilled its mission; devotedly it had supported and made of the Constitution a living force; dramatically it had launched on the seas of progress, a new and noble Ship of State. How that ship bore, through later storm and calm, the growing nation to a glory of prestige, of expansion and of liberty and g for its people unrivaled elsewhere on earth, remains today one of the grandest epics in all history streams of wealth poured forth. He touched the dead corpse of public credit, and it stood forth erect with life." Imposed, "for the payment of the debts of the United States and the encouragement and protection of manufactures," a tariff on imports thus introducing not only a productive and enduring source of revenue, but a perenc issue nial which has persisted to this day. Provided for and fixed the site of our present national capital-th- en an undeveloped tract along the Potomac, now the impressively beautiful city of Washington. They also enacted: Measures providing for patents political-economi- and copyrights, for the naturalisation of aliens, for a decennial census, the admission of new states, a national banking system, a mint, and our decimal system of coinage. Legislation encouraging and protecting American shipping so effectively that within a few years the Stars and Stripes floated hi every commercial port and on every navigable sea. Acts and appropriations providing for the salaries of federal officials, (including congressmen themselves) as well as for other "operating expenses" necessary to the young republic. But above all, they established a sense of security; a confidence, at home and abroad, in the new nation and the new ideal in govWhen ernment it represented. they ended their sessions, the fog of doubt and despair that had shrouded the great American experiment was largely dispelled. The sun of hope and cheer shone more brightly over the new land. had been wonders These worked neither quickly or eas- well-bein- Ia haI maa4 4 lants, and second, because the use 0 mese Deverages wiu iena lo duce the consumption of mint which is so important to their nu tritional welfare. Guard Againit Stateness The subject of coffee has been investigated from many angles by competent scientists, whose flnd- ings should be of interest to home- makers. The flavor and aroma of coffee are derived chiefly from a volatile oil, which is developed during the roasting process. But it has been established that this substance is rapidly lost from the coffee upon exposure to air. Moreover, each pound of coffee contains about two ounces of fixed oil which may become rancid in the presence of air. These changes occur whether the coffee is ground or in the bean. Since stale, flavorless coffee may have an adverse effect upon appetite, it is important to bny a product that Is protected against the air, or to choose one that Is freshly roasted. The homemaker should also buy coffee in small quantities so that it can bo used up quickly once it Is opened. After the coffee has been made, there may be a further escape of its flavor and fragrance with bom heat and steam. That is why coffee should not be allowed to stand, but should be served the moment it is made, and why it should not be reheated. Tea also deteriorates when it is stored for long periods. It should therefore be bought in small quantities and kept in air-tig- ht well-bein- fruit-flavor- ed al - me-up- s, ATTERN states-Feder- GEORGE WASHINGTON ViOAaneA 4Koa vent of food materials and makes possible their digestion and absorption. Since it is an essential constituent of the blood, it helps to transport nutrients to every cell this function alone10 requiring about pounds of water in constant circulation. Finally, it helps to eliminate waste prod ucts from the body through the lungs, skin and kidneys. The daily losses of water from the body must be replaced regularly or the consequences may be extremely serious to health. It Stimulating Beverages has been shown that headaches, The Questions Answered stimulating beverages are nervousness and indigestion may chocolate and cocoa. coffee, tea, Mrs. J. F. A. Numerous inves is fluids intake of when the result When made with milk, chocolate tigations with children indicate diminished below normal require and cocoa are rich in nutritive that thrii in a definite oonnprtinn ments. g values, though their luel value va- - between bodily and nes wun uie proauci useu. inocu- mental ability. A child with poor Classified Beverages late is much richer in fat than appetite and digestion may exhibit labeled poor powers of concentration, list- and products The quantity of water needed by cocoa, each person varies with the di- 'breakfast cocoa" usually contain lessness or irritability, all of etary and with the season of the a larger percentage of the natural which interfere with the ability to year, much larger amounts being cocoa fat than products simply la- learn. required when the temperature is beled, "cocoa." The food value of coffee and tea high. But it is generally agreed Mrs. S. M It has been estab that everyone should consume sev depends entirely upon the cream lished that there is a much great eral glasses of water daily, in ad or milk, and sugar with which er loss of mineral salts in cooking dition to the water obtained from they are served. However, they carrots when they are cut in small foods, chiefly fruits and vegeta have an important place in the pieces than when they are cut in bles. Part of the need is met by dietary because their flavor and large pieces. Mineral losses can milk, and by coffee, tea, cocoa, aroma add greatly to the enjoy be minimized by cooking this fruit juices and various other ment of other foods and they give vegetable whole, just until tender. drinks which add a comfortable feeling of bo. OWHU C Houston uouaiu-i- CT pleasure to mealtime, serve as The stimulating principle in pickwholesome, between-meand provide a gracious these beverages is known as cat method of extending hospitality to fein in coffee, and the in in tea, Doctors may forbid coffee because guests. riTimm-i'a'ai- i Aside from milk, which belongs of some abnormality in health in a classification by itself, and which makes a stimulant unde fruit juices which are consumed sirable. But competent authori chiefly for their minerals and vita' ties hold that tbe effects of the mins, beverages fall into two moderate use of coffee by normal groups which overlap somewhat individuals may bo disregarded. those that are refreshing and those Neither coffee nor tea, however, should be given to children. First, that are stimulating. Anti-Federali- st; two-par- ing used in their preparation, Fruit juices are most frequently served as an appetizer at breakfast, lunch or dinner. Fruitades are useful as between-medrinks and when entertaining. Children like to display their hospitality to friends and this type of beverage, served witn a lew cracxers or simple cookies, makes an attrac tive snack. Mothers will find it convenient and economical to utilize for this purpose beverage crystals which come in a variety of fruit flavors. These make wholesome, refresh ing beverages at a minimum cost; the amount of sweetening may be determined by individual preference; and they are so easily prepared that children may do the mixing themselves. al Jt 1789. A Discouraging Picture. And while they jogged over rutted roads or through rough wilderness trails, undoubtedly they reflected, those early legislators, on the discouraging conditions under which they would meet For to any thoughtful man there was then grave cause for .pessimism. At home, freedom, it is true, had been won; but the spectres of state and national bankruptcy, civic disorganization and growing lawlessness cast their gloom over the land. The tional territory of 865,000 square miles had a population of less than 4,000,000, and milch of the country through which their horses plodded was still uninhabited. To the north glowered the threat of England, to the south the menace of Spain. In the west lurked a fierce Indian foe, and on the east sailed the navies of great powers whose friendship was never quite certain. Thus spread the picture as members of the first United States congress met in the spring of 1789 cheered and sustained only by a faith in the new Constitution that had thrust upon them such towering responsibilities. How well they met that mandate; how faithfully they performed their duties; how conclusively they demonstrated that the people could and should rule is attested by their achievements. Here is a partial record of what that first congress accomplished: Adopted and submitted to the nation the Bill of Rights. Now an integral part of our Constitution, those first ten amendments constituted not only an eloquent expression of the American spirnait, but the most significant libtional statement of personal erty, of tolerance and of the safeguards and privileges of the common man the world had ever seen. Established the first three exState, ecutive departments Treasury and War; then confirmed and supported probably the most illustrious cabinet our nation has ever known Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton and General Henry Knox. Set up our federal judiciary, headed by a Supreme court a then unique tribunal of justice. Designed to protect every citizpp against usurpation of his constitutional rights, it constituted, in the words of the historian, "the representative of the wisdom and justice and conscience of the t Houston Goudiss Discusses Beverages ot various Kinds; Explains Their Role in the Diet Body's Need for Liquids This precious fluid acts as a sol stitution. ' Later they were to be joined by such noted patriots as George Washington, our first President, and Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton, members of the first cabinet of the republic then in the making. But great or small, famous or obscure, all were headed for the one objective the federal building in the flourishing city of New York. There they would represent the people and the states in the new national legislature meeting under a unique and, as yet, untried Constitution. Two years earlier a convention in Philadelphia had written that g charter to replace the Articles of Confederation which had proved but "a rope of sand." Recognized today as one of the greatest state documents of all time, our federal Constitution was then regarded more as "an outline of government; a skeleton to be clothed with flesh and blood, and to receive the breath of life." To make this Constitution function; to establish under it a secure and enduring republic; to prove that government of, by, and for the people would work, was the responsibility confronting those first members of congress as they journeyed to the opening session back in the early . two-thir- Union. They were the newly-electe- d members of the first congress of the United States, on their way to the opening session whose America now observes. HMMi, s re eral WHAT to EAT and WHY kkkkkkktikkkkkkkkki f DuArronrmio standi of vege tablet and flowers may be I) EPARIH ENT ta diitinguiih between "stale" seeds and seeds material; with yards of short sleeves, 4 yards. No, 1705 is designed for sizes 12, 4, 16, 18, 20 and 40. Size 14 re materiquires 4 yards of al, and lVk yards of ribbon for bows. To line bolero takes 1 yards. Spring and Summer Pattern Book. Send 15 cents for the Barbara Bell Spring and Summer Pattern Book, which is now ready. Make yourself attractive, practical and 39-in- ch ty canted by seeds that have become too old to produce firrt-clacrops. It it difficult for gardeners to 39-in- ch becoming clothes, selecting de signs from the Barbara Bell welt patterns. planned, Send your order to The Sewing Circle Pattern Dept., 149 New Montgomery Ave., San Francisco, Calif. Patterns 15 cents (in coins) each. WHU Sarvlca. Affectionate Authority ISN'T the dress with paneled skirt and lifted waistline (No. 1716) a lovely thing for larger women to wear? It's so simple, so soft and slenderizing, with bodice that fits perfectly, because the shoulders are shirred and the waistline gathered. Make this of silk crepe, georgette, chiffon or flat crepe. Wear flowers or a jew eled pin at the becoming, deep v- neckhne. For slim figures, the bowtrimmed bolero frock (No. 1705) is particularly flattering, and it's new as tomorrow morning I The dress, even without the bolero, is a real charmer, with its high neck line, flaring skirt and tiny, tiny waist. Tailored enough for daytime, and yet appropriate for afU ernoon parties, too. Thin wool flat crepe or silk print are pretty materials for this. The Patterns. No. 1716 is designed for sizes 36, 38. 40. 42. 44. 46, 48, 50 and 62, With long sleeves, size 38 requires He makes a great mistake who supposes that authority is firmer or better established when it is founded by force than that which is welded by affection. Terence. To Correct Constipation Don't Get It! Why let yourself in for an the disoomfort of eonstlpatton-a- nd then nave to take an emergency mediclne-- if you can avoid batA by getting at tbe can of the trouble? If your difficulty, like that of minions. Is due to tack of "bulk" In the diet, the "better way" la to n. This eat KeUogg's crunch touted eeraal- -a natural food, not a medicinehas just the "bulk" you need. If you eat It every day. It will help you not only to get regular but to keep regular, month after month, by the pleasantest means you ever knew! Eat dally, drink plenty of water, and "Join the Regular." Made by Kellog gs In Battle Creek, eold by every grocer. All-Bra- AO-Br- an Ferrj packets are dated. Bat Seed firtt. nut pass rigid tests for germination and Ferry's Seeds vitality, ben buying your leads. look for this year's date-mar-k, "Packed for Season 1939." It's on the back of every packet in your local dealer's convenient display of Ferry s Seeds. VaivyJf mm SaaS Ca 84 Qrmwrt, In easy-to-ma- ke C Bell Syndicate. in their prime. To ktlp you, cB BaaS far haaOMBia FERRY'S - fit nw I got my name in the paper! Only Newspapers bring the news of vital interest to you Headlines may scream of death and disaster without causing you to raise an eyebrow. But if your son gets Us name in the paper that a real newal accident that this paper isn't It by prints so many stories which vitally interest you and your neighbors. News of remote places is stated briefly and interpreted. Local news is covered fulty, because all good editors know that the news which interests the readers most is news about themselves. Mow is a good time to team mora about this newspaper which is made especially for you. Just for fun ask yourself this question: How could we get along without newspapers? KNOW YOUR NEWSPAPER |