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Show 1 THE RICH COUNTY NEWS, RANDOLPH, UTAH Rats Quite Hard to Exterminate Pifd Control Measures Are Removal of All Food and Shelter. All-Import- ty (Edited O. Douglas Wardrop. Editor o t Radio Merchandising. k (Prepared by the United State ot Agriculture.) If Fifl. 1 Hook-U- p for Double Ground, Spark Transmitter. While the regular form Of radio communication has been widely used in boy scout encampments, there are limitations which restrict its use to those scouts more advanced in the art. For h instance, the regulations must be rigidly adhered to, and special licenses must be secured before the sets may he placed in operation. The "air cannot be used indiscriminately for fear of causing serious interference with receiving sets for which the messages are not Intended. There is another form of communication which is suitable for scout camps and which is deserving of wider application. The double ground system has been little used in this country, although it was of immense value to the front line of the French army during the World war. The transmitter is so simple and well known as to require little explanation, for its most n Important unit is the spark coll. This instrument has fallen into disrepute in radio to a' great extent, not only because of its gruff and uncertain tone, but also on account of the poor tuning qualities of sets using spark colls. But with the double there is no tuning reground hook-u- p quired, and since it Is useful primarily for slow speed communication the low note is no obstacle. for In Fig. 1 appears the hook-u- p a double ground transmitter. The terminals of the spark coll are placed a fraction of an inch apart and a wire run out in each direction, where contact is made with the ground. The longer these two wires, the greater will be the possibilities for distant communication, although If they are about fifty feet each code conversation may be carried on over distances not mile. If Insulated exceeding one-hawire is used it may be strung on the ground, although if It isnt insulated it should be kept a foot or two off the ground by wooden stakes. The grounds may be in the form of iron pipes about four feet long driven deep into the earth ; the better the contact, of course, the better will be the results. In fact, a short strip of chicken wire, burled a foot or two beneath the soil, is ideal for the purpose. No connection should be made to piping systems, for that would destroy the possibilities of longer distance. In Fig. 1 is shown a sample receiving circuit. There is no tuning required, all that is needed being an WD-1tubes may amplifier. easily be used, with two dry cells for lighting the filaments. This arrangement is Indicated, and a single rheostat is used. The receiving arrangements are Identical with those of the transmitting system as far as the ground . wires are concerned. There is an unusual advantage In the double ground arrangement In that it is directional. Fig. 2 shows a typical arrangement of double ground outfits at a boy scout camp. There are, let us assume, one headquarters station and four outposts. The headquarters station is equipped with four grounds, forming two double grounds, wave-lengt- well-know- lf audio-frequen- 1 messages without bothering the other two at all. Of course, it is necessary to use the compass quite accurately, as scouts are trained to do, in placing the grounds. To Have Ground That Will Keep Itself Wet Most fans in honking up a radio outfit either have a pfior aerial and a good ground or a good aerial and a poor Almost always its a poor ground. ground. Here is A very simple way to make a good groiind, one that will keep Itself wet for a lftng time without hav- ing to watch it. Secure a piece of galvanized pipe inch in diameter and 5H h feet long, also a piece of pipe rs twy-inc- WlRl UAO-f-N -- A few very simple measures consistently employed will rid a farm or a community of rats, it is stated in a new farmers bulletin, How to Get Rid of Rats, by James Silver, biological assistant of the biological survey, United States Department of Agriculture. Many of the poisons, viruses, traps and contrivances sold for the purpose accomplish little real good. Rats are hard to exterminate, and regardless of the method employed, success attends only close application and persistent effort. The measures to be taken are the removal of food and shelter from the rats, poisoning and trapping them, and, certain conditions, fumigating their burrows. These measures should be taken not only by Individuals but by entire communities. Foodstuffs should be stored In containers, waste and garbage should be disposed of in tightly covered vessels, and no trash or refuse should be allowed to accumulate to provide food, shelter or breeding places for the pests. Barium Carbonate Is Best. . The most effective means known to the department for destroying rats Is by poisoning, wherever It can be employed with safety. Barium carbonate has been found the most satisfactory of the various poisons that might be used. The bulletin gives directions for applying it successfully. Trapping is equally effective, but requires more skill and labor. It is recommended where the use of poison seems Inadvisable. The simple and inexpensive snap type of trap, strongly made, is all that Is necessary. Where there are large numbers of rats a good many traps should be used. In fields, along ditches, banks and levees, around farm buildings and in dirt cellars rat burrows dug in solid earth may sometimes be fumigated with carbon bisulphide, or with the exhaust from a gasoline engine, such as an automobile or tractor. The exhaust Is directed into the rat burrow by means of a hose, and the entrance around the hose is sealed with damp earth. In seed warehouses and similar structures where sacked grain is stored temporarily, a liberal supply of flake naphthaline has been found to keep rats away. The use of these flakes where foodstuffs are stored Is not recommended on account of the rat-pro- Since 1 and 2 are both on the same line to A," there will be no difference of voltage and hence no signal in the telephones. How convenient! But with grounds 1 and 2, Station HQ is all set to receive from station 'C, whose signals were excluded in the first case. HQ and D" might, therefore, be carrying on a conversation, and at the same time A and B could start up and exchange some three-quarte- 2 Pi PC odor. . Cheap Rat Insurance, The Importance of Stations. . with a dopble pole, double throw witch connected so that either may be wed. First, suppose outpost "A to be ending. On account of the high resistance of the soil between the two grounds of station A, the electric currents must of necessity spread out materially in passing between one of A's grounds and the other. There is a considerable difference of voltage between the two grounds, as any scout who happens to get his hands on the secondary terminals will testify! Therefore, between grounds 3 and 4 of the HQ station there will also be a difference of voltage, on account of the weak currents set up by station "A.", The farther HQ" ,1s from A, the weaker will be the currents, and the response in the telephone receivers correspondingly weaker. But suppose HQ" were to switch over to grounds and 2. What would happen then? , Mb s ' ex- isting buildings as far as possible and of building new ones so that they are cannot be too absolutely a greatly emphasized. building is in the long run the cheapest rat insurance, and is the Jsest and most permanent means of rat ridEfficient rat dogs often help, dance. but cats are rarely useful against rats. rat hunts are effective three feet long. Drive the three-quartand furnish good sport to participants. inch pipe Into the ground about one Organized rat campaigns are very defoot. Fill the pipe with water and let sirable because without general comindividual places it settle, then fill It up again. The munity water in the pipe serves to which are cleaned up are constantly keep the smaller pipe full all the time exposed to reinfestation from adjacent and also keeps the ground wet around property. Assistance in planning, orthe smaller pipe. Dick H. Roberts. ganizing and prosecuting antirat campaigns will gladly be given by the biological survey In the form of diYour Receiving Sets rect aid whenever practicable, or by Must Be Kept Clean furnishing plans. Instructions, publicity material and sample posters with Cleanliness and neatness are important for efficient operation of a radio which communities can carry on their own campaign against this most dereceiving set. Dust should not be allowed to gather on the instruments structive animal in the world. for it causes leaks In the circuit. Dust between the plates of a variable con- Corrosive Sublimate Is denser develops short circuits, and Best to Kill Maggots collections of dust or soot on the antenna insulators make it easy for the The best authorities on insect pests radio currents to leak away to the of garden plants recommend the use of corrosive sublimate solution for the ground before they reaeh the receiving set. cabbage root maggot. W. P. Flint, One operator noticed the signals state entomologist of Illinois, advises gradually growing weaker. He over- treating the cabbage plant with a sohauled the entire set, carefully in- lution of one ounce of corrosive subbut this limate in ten gallons of water, applyspecting all connections, failed to locate the trouble. He began ing the treatment within three days to lose faith in radio. One morning after the plants are set and repeating to while dusting about the room his wife a week later. About cupful of the solution should be just happened to brush the dust off the spiderweb coils mounted on top of applied to the soil around each plant. It Is best to dissolve the corrosive That night the set the cabinet. worked to perfection, as It did when sublimate in a small amount of hot water before diluting to the above first installed. strength. If but a few plants are to be treated, the corrosive sublimate tabKeep Storage Battery lets may be used, at the rate of one ' in Proper Condition tablet per pint of water. The corrosive sublimate solution The following pointers will be helpful in keeping your A battery in prop must be carefully handled, because of er condition: Do not allow the bat- Its poisonous and caustic properties. come In contact with the tery to become completely discharged If allowed to on the as hands, It will cause skin, level maintain the the of Always also electrolyte (add and water) above the burns. Its caustic properties soluIt necessary to store the make the of usually plates, tops Inch. Keep the battery well tion in glass or earthenware, rather vessels. charged at all times, as It Is difficult than in metal to revive a dead battery which has been standing Idle for a long time. Ten Medium-Size- d Pigs Do not allow the electrolyte to bubof Acre Alfalfa One to ble over on to the tops of the cells. If this happens, reduce the charging In pasturing hogs on alfalfa, do not rate. Keep the top clean to avoid run more than twenty to the acre, and leakage loss. then only when the plants are strong Determine the gravity range of your and well grown. If the field begins to particular battery and keep It within wear down take the hogs out and give tests with the proper limits by frequent plants a chance to grow up again. ' a hydrometer. With ten medium-sizepigs to the acre, plants will hold their France Requires No License. own throughout the season If the The committee appointed by the weather is favorable. If the ground French ministry of posts and tele- Is wet the animals are apt to spoil the that no alfalfa by rooting and tramping the graphs has recommended licensee be required for receiving ep crowns. paratus. rat-pro- Rat-proofi- two-inc- h one-thir- d Fig. 2 Arrangement of Transmitting Department one-quart- d well-grow- n one-ha- lf Principles Shown in Feeding Dairy Cows Adequate Diet Must Contain Mineral Ingredients. , (Prepared by the United States Department of Agriculture.) Experiments in nutrition during the last tew years have resulted in the discovery of new principles in nutrition, many of which are Important in the proper feeding of dairy cattle, says the United States Department of Agriculture. It has been found that an adequate diet must contain certain mineral ingredients, and also certain organic compounds whose exact chemical nature is still unknown but which have been called vitamins. It is quite possible to make up a diet from ordinary feedstuffs which will contain sufficient protein and energy, and yet be deficient in either minerals or vitamins, or both. There is every reason for believing that the whole subject of feeding for the maintenance of high milk yields can be very much simplified as compared with the systems of feeding now practiced, and also great economies introduced into feeding practices, by a systematic study of the vitamin and mineral contents of dairy feeds and of the relation of these to milk produc' tion. It seems probable, also, that the mineral and vitamin contents of dairy feeds may be found to have an important bearing on the breeding vigor, or reproductive ability, of dairy cattle. These studies are under way and results of considerable practical importance have been obtained, some of which show that dairy cows suffer from a shortage of lime unless they are fed much larger amounts of legume hay than is customary in many parts of the country, and that there is a vitamine In fresh, green feed which will probably promote the assimilation of lime by It has also been milking animals. shown that there are differences in the values of protein for feeding dairy Cooling Tank Essential for Producers of Cream Eiery farmer who milks a few cows should have a cooling tank of some kind. It makes little difference whether he patronizes a creamery, chees'e factory, sells milk or keeps it for his own use; a cooling tank is necessary. Why not capitalize the great storehouse of cold which lies in the ground? This can be done by simply passing the water designed for live stock first through a tank which will serve as a refrigerator for all products which need cooling. Well or spring water in most of the dairy states has a temperature varying from 55 to 65 degrees Fahrenheit, writes A. L. Haecker in the Illinois Farmer. This is about as cold as the average domestic refrigerator. By utilizing this cold water to chill down the milk, cream or other products we are getting refrigeration at the lowest possible cost. Millions of dollars are lost annually to the of this country purely on account of the neglect of milk and cream while It is held at the farm. Butter and cheese would be greatly Improved if every patron used a cooling tank. As a matter of convenience it is worth while for every farmer to be thus equipped, for it is necessary to have a place to keep the milk and cream, and where a refrigerator can be put into use the housewife will find it very efficient and WRIGLEVS and give your stomacb a lilt. Provides "tlie toll oi sweet In bmnaficiat form. Helps to cleans convenient. A cooling tank is needed In both winter and summer; in winter to prevent freezing and to retain the cream or milk at a uniform and favorable puipose 'Of destroying these larvae has Its limitation, since some substances used for this purpose destroy the fertilizer value of the manure, others are so poisonous that there is danger of poisoning farm animals and poultry, ivhlle others are harmful to vegetation when applied to the land After a careful study of a large number of chemicals, the United States Department of Agriculture has found that pound in powdered hellebore, one-haten gallons of water, will prevent the development of fly larvae In eight bushels of manure and possesses none of the objectionable features men' tioned above. Borax is also a satismanure in use chemical for factory which is not applied too thickly to the land. Too much borax In the soil will Interefere with plant growth when used. Clean premises, closed garbage cats, screened manure pits and outdoor fly traps will also pay in fly time. R. F. Bourne, Veterinary Department, Colorado Agricultural College. temperature, while certainly in summer It is needed to prevent extreme souring and the development of undesirable flavors. Cold is a wonderful preservative. We are told that the prehistoric mammoth has been preserved in the ices of the polar region for 50,000 years. When dairy prod-netor perishable foods are kept at a low temperature decomposition Is retarded, and with dairy products this means much in the way of better quality and price. A can of cream kept in a good cooling tank is worth a dollar more than the same can kept outside and exposed to the heat of average summer weather. The producer is more Interested in this dollar than anyone else. He may not feel that he Is losing the dollar simply because he gets the same price for his product, but this is only a temporary condition ; the Industry is losing the dollar, and he Is the most important and biggest part of the industry. As a matter of satisfaction it should be worth while to turn out a good product when It is nearly as easy to do so. The grading of cream and paying a differential for quality is rapidly coming into general use. In a little Jvhlle the cream producers will either have to get cooling tanks or suffer a big loss due to producing second The cooling tank is grade cream. sound, sensible, economical, and demanded by decent and progressive farming methods, and we should all be for anything that has so much merit. Profitable Business in Feeding Orphaned Pigs Farmers Now Realizing Importance of Good Sire cows. Powdered Hellebore Is Good to Kill Fly Larvae One 'Of the most common breeding places of the common house fly is the manure pile, which It Is not always possible to spread on the land frequently enough to bring about destruction of the contained larvae. The ad dltion of chemicals to manure for the lf Orphaned pigs that rob a hog raiser of a lot of good money every year can be made Into a profitable business with a Tittle extra work, if they are not orphaned too young. If they are purebreds it will be more worth while to try to raise them than otherwise, although it has been found to pay with any kind of pigs. Orphaned pigs at the Iowa station have been found to put on gains at a lesser outlay of dry matter per unit than the combined sow and suckling Inter. The pigs do well when fed whole cows milk for the first few days, followed by buttermilk later. It is estimated that an orphaned litter is worth from $1 to $4 per pig,' and ibis makes it worth while to use a 111 tie extra care. Some pointers in feeding orphaned pigs are: Be sure to feed them adequate rations; feed often enough and regularly; feed sufficient vitamines, allow sunlight and be sanitary; encourage the pigs to get plenty of exercise; give plenty of clean water, and keep the pigs warm in quarters. Guard Little Chickens Against Many Accidents Never place sacks of feed around the colony houses where they can tip over. Do not stand boards on the chick range where they can blow over. If anything blows over on a chick range it is a safe bet that you will find one or more crushed chicks underneath. Chicks Just naturally seem to enjoy committing suicide If they have half a chance. Fowls Molting in July Should Be Disposed Of Cull hens which molt in July; they are unprofitable to keep. See whether you cant get your county agent to give a culling demonstration In your district. The Department of Agriculture will help you If you write and ask for assistance. The bureau of animal industry haa the poultry work In Its charge. These are days of opportunity for breeders of purebred cattle. Farmers in general are realizing the importance s of putting purebred sires at the head of their herds. With this good demand for bulls it is poor policy for breeders having young bulls for sale not to give them good care and plenty of the right kind of feed. Improper feeding of the young bull Is poor eeonomy. The man out looking for a bull is not much impressed when shown an undersized bull, no matter how well bred he is. Better prices always are secured for those that are in good thrifty condition and of good size for their age. We cannot afford to sacrifice size in developing the bulls. Remember the bull that has not been well fed Is generally disappointing to the buyer. A disappointed buyer Is A stunted ania- poor advertisement. mal is not always satisfactory as a breeder. W. I,. Blizzard, Professor of Animal Husbandry, Oklahoma A. and first-clas- hnlf-starve- d - M. College. Iowa Demonstrates Value of Good Purebred Sires The value of good purebred sires in grading up scrub or grade cows was shown at the Iowa state college in an etxperlment starting in 1907. Native scrub cattle from Arkansas were graded up through the continuous use of purebred sires. The granddaughters had an average increase of 4.471.7 pounds of milk and 186.60 pounds of butterfat over their scrub dams. What Cow Should Produce. A good dairy cow should produce at least 6,000 pounds of milk or 200 pounds of butterfat per year. Many cows do not come up to this record of production. Cow Is Efficient Machine. an efficient machine, but her owner Is often a poor me cbanic. A pood cow is Get Rid of Scrub Bull. Tbe best time to get rid of the scrub bull U today tbe teeth and keep ' them healthy. LOOM Products Baby Carriages & Furniture Dealer Aslc. 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You may rely on it because one of the Cuticura Trio (Soap, Ointment and Talcum), 25c each everywhere. Advertisement. Got Away With the Pictures. An American motion picture operator, who had been taking fihns of the French occupied area of the Ruhr, vas pursued by the French, but escaped There the film was developed and two copies were Now the negative is sent abroad. stolen by French agents.- However, the operator had an additional copy and will make another negative. in his .auto to Berlin. , Preparation. Why are you studying all these forIm thinking of lineign languages? ing in New York. Gaga |