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Show UTAH STATESMAN the ; News Notesin I; Its a Privilege Answer to Live Utah Qunfioni No. 7 now Is divorce obtained In So EPHRAIM High ranges practically Russia? all over the Mantl national foreat are Who said: Liberty end Union In exceptionally good condition at th and forever, one nnd Insepapresent time, and blue belli and other rable!"! llowera are out in full bloom along tha 8 Who wrote The Virginian? Ephralm-Orangevlll- e road. It la re 4 In what countries do the Andes ported. Sweet clover seed sown three mountains originate? years ago on East and Trail mountains 5 To what two brothers and thelx by the Castle Dale and Orangeville catsister Is the Invention of oil painting tlemen was found this year to have commonly attributed ; what waa their brought result!. UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO. MOSnation and country? COW Imperial Augerez Bronze, No. 6 Who la the Intercollegiate tennis a mature Jersey cow belonging 574006, champion? of Idaho dairy herd to the University 7 What makes n atlck seem to bend on the university farm here, has comIn water? milk test. In which pleted a 8 Why are they called dog days? aha produced 597.36 pounds of butter-fa- t and 9745 pounds of milk, giving her 9 What waa the name of the vessel In which Henry Hudson sailed recognition In the select class, according to' word received here. up the Hudson river? FARMINGTON Figures show that stone 10 Who laid the corner of the Davis county has expended $26,002.25 national capitol and when? on tha county roads up to date, with 11 What President was elected by than $11,000 to spend tha remainless house of the representatives? der of the year. Out of thia sum $500 12 Where did the United States will go to Kaysvllle and the balance flag first fly In the face of an enemy, will be expended In getting .some of and when? the country roads Into condition for What causes a lump In a per- the school truck thia fall. son's throat? ather IDAHO FALLS. Idaho, Aug. In the upper Snake river val14 What la the hottest place In the United States? ley was generally cooler during th 15 Who la the British open golf week ended August 20, accordlig to the weekly report on water supply In champion? this district issued Saturday by O. a not 16 What composer was only water-mastegovernment master of dramatic music, but was him- Clyde Baldwin, Some rain was reported durself a dramatist of great genius? ing the early part of the week. 17 Which continent, in proportion PRICE Ely Construction company to area, has the longest coast line? forces have begun construction work 18 Who wrote a famous diary In on the new $141,000 federal aid road shorthand, which was not deciphered project from Rolapp to Nolan. The for a hundred yeara? total length of the projected road ImLook!. There la provements ia 3.9 miles, covering some 19 Who said: of the worst road on the Price-Sal- t Jackson standing like a stone wall?" Lake route. most the of is 20 In what country WASHINGTON South central Orediamond cutting done? gon will bo given strong nad effective competition in railroad service as well aa an outlet for its products to the Answers No. 6 north through the proposal of the Great Northern railway ' to operate 1 Brazil and Argentina. over other lines and purchase or build 2 CapL James Lawrence. a new line from Bend to Klamath falls, 8 Eugene Sue. the railroad declared Wednesday in an4 Babe Ruth, 59 In 192L swering a questionnaire of the L C. C. 5 A combustible mineral formed regarding Its proposals. FARMINGTON Revenue by the decomposition of vegetable through matter. potato shipments at the Denver A Rio 6 A twig of bazel or willow zald to Grande Western station at Layton was have the property of Indicating the $16,000 less In July of this year compresence of mineral or water In the pared to the same month last year In Davis county. Up till the early part earth. of August only eight carloads of po7 Benjamin Franklin. tatoes were 1 vlet 2 now 865-da- y 18' 20-We- MOZAZTB. GK&Crr. By ELMO SCOTT WATSON ABOR DAT thia year bn a special significance, If we accept the statement of John 1L Commons and his associates In tlie book "The History of Labor In the United States' In which they soy "We place the beginning of the American labor movement In the year 1827 at Philadelphia. In that year and place, American wage earners for the first time Joined together os a class regardless of trade lines In a contest with employers. The contest referred to was a strike of bnlldlng trade workers for a ten-hoday and other Improvements In their working conditions, a strike which ended successfully for the workers. So Labor Day this year may be regarded as the high spot In a centennial year for organized labor and for that reason has more than passing Interest The day itself has a much shorter history, for It goes hack only 45 years at the most The Idea of a Labor Day celebration was first suggested In 1882; It was first officially proclaimed by the American Federation of Labor In 1884, but It was not until 1884 that It was first made a legal holiday and that only In the District of Columbia and the territories. The first suggestion of a Labor Day holiday was made In New York City Central Labor union In May, 1882. Its officers held that, although the country had other holidays symbolical of the military, civil end religious spirit, there was none which represented the spirit of the worklngmun. Accordingly It suggested the observance of the first Monday In September as a festival day with parades, picnics and speeches and staged such a celebration that year with great success. Two years later the American Federation of Labor officially recognized the suggestion by proclaiming' the first Monday in September as Labor Day and urged all laborers to observe it State legislatures were asked to make this day a legal holiday nnd eventually 32 of them did enact laws making It such. Labor Day Is also an appropriate time for reviewing some of the history of the labor movement in this country and for considering some of the forces which have contributed to the establishment of organized labor in its present position in the social structure of this country. That these forces began to operate as far back as 1607 is shown in the brilliant essay with which Prof. Italph Henry Gabriel of Tale university Introduces Malcolm Heir's pictorial and verbal story of The Kplc of Industry In the series which the Tale Pageant of America University Tress is now bringing out In this essay he tells of that historic movement when In the Seventeenth century on the wooded banks of the James river a busy ' group of Englishmen unloaded from three small ships a quantity of axes and adzes, hoes and - firearms, including some small cannon. Soon after a redskin, trained to hunt with bow and arrow, bore to the Indian tillage up the river the news of the coming of the whites. The age of Iron had come suddenly Into contact with the age of stone. He then traces and interprets the successive stages of Industrialism In the United States down through JU'O years to the present age which he summarizes as follows: JT th time tho Twentieth century opened, industrialism had become a factor of first importance in American lire. The passing of the frontier and the completion of the greater part of the national network of railroads freed capital for Industrial development, and In America this capital was gathered Into ths greatest financial combinations the world has ever known. Large-scal- e production and the bringing of a succession of manufacturing steps under a single control, resulted hi an effiwhich made possible American competition ciency wl-.- h foreign producers who paid lower wages to tb-- lr laborers Scientific investigation was accelerated as laboratories became a part of ths equipment of many Industrial sstabllshmenta Nature wns ransacked In a systematic manner for every element and every source of energy that might be turned to the amelioration of human life. In the processes of Industry, the Iron man steadily the human hand. The automatlo machine controlled by the giant corporation la the triumph o' the age of Industry. But all too frequently ft the worker to a mere automaton who spends the years of his life feeding a senseless monster. Labor has pror pared with Industry, yet the wage earner has had many a difficult problem to solve. The growth of manufacturing put vast economic power Into the hands of a successful fev. Many of the Iron dukes were predatory. The employee at times for better working conditions and fought f- -r wages which measured his standard of living. T r two centuries and a half most Americans had owned a farm or a business; a relatively small part of the population had worked for hire. Ind'istrlal-If- ti brought to America a growing group o' men and women whose sole dependence was a Job. And s lob was not like a piece of land or a stock of grew g .otls In a store; It might vanish when times To pro-- t, bird and no one know why It had gone. economit himself against the vicissitude of hie ic position, the wag earner eought to orgnnlxe. In the 'seventies anil eighties he developed thec speccit-uir.Knights of Labor which, after claim-i,-fell suddenly Into, B membership of a million, r. Itcrse. Other orgnnlxntlona havs fol'owed and ha gained rawer far beyond that of tits Knights L cd r r. Mcwaaflrs. Tnn&az- r- J2K3T c& zAsasi. ths heyday of thotr greatnesa Tat, in America labor organisations lag In their growth behind those of England. Ferhape one of ths reasons may a found In the character of the Americas wags tarnlng group. Tho rapid exploitation of tho natural resources In within ths United States brought about on of tho world's Important population movements. Millions of Europeans crossed the ocean to chara in the opportunities which America lavishly offered. They built railroads, dug mines, and tended the machines In clattering factories. They brought with them prejudices and inherited national hatreds. Their first problem was to learn the ways of a now nation and to adjust themselves to a new environment. As n group, this polyglot mass did not possess common Idealism and tha workers that passed through tha factory goto as ths whistle blew spoke a multitude of languagea Tho organisation of such a group presented at times Insuperable It has never been fully accomplished. Again and again tho natural leaders of tho wage earners have risen out of tho group to become managers. Opportunity has not failed genuine ability. But organisation has coma, and has aldad In Improving tho lot of tho laborar. also between employer and employee has Increased ss ths chaotle early years of Industrialism have passed and ss the customs and Ideals of tho new Indulstrlal civilisation have taken shape. Meanwhile the United 8tates, passing tha middle point of tho second century of Itc national history, has become ths Industrial colossus of tho world. How that organization of tha laboring man came about and the varloua step taken In lta development la traced In the chapter on Organized Labor In Industry" which contains thla Introduction to the main theme of the Illustrated narrative In that chapter: la 1110, out of our population of ona hundred five million wags earnmillions, there were forty-on- s ers. Whatever concerns labor Is vital to tho wellbeing of the nation. Industry has advanced from tho small-scal- e local Individual enterprise to the gigantic corporation whoso business and plants arc spread over the nation and even tha globe, and various corporations have united In one way or another for economic or political purpose. In like manner labor hae forsaken Individual bargaining with an employer and hae united Into grant organisations for group negotiations concerning wages, hours or working conditions with aggregations of omployera Tho hostler once might haggle with the village liveryman, but the locomotive engineers have been forced to organise a brotherhood to deal with ths railroad executives of tho country. Labor organisation has paced evenly with industrial organisation. Tha history of labor shows that organisation develops under four conditions. (1) The worker must bs separated from the ownerrhip of the tools, or the means of production. (Z) Laborer in the earns trade must be able to come Into close contact with ona another. (3) Opportunity for especially gifted workmen to riso above their class must bs shut off, with tha result that these men, dented individual advancement, become leaden in th efforts for th Improvement of their class (4) Tha condition under which work Is done must be burdensome so that the nun engaged In th work feel that they have a common grievance. These conditions were not satisfied until after 1330, and then only partially until after the Civil war. There could he no effective labor organisations in of its Industh United Slates in tbs earlier trial development. The early artisans in general each carried on his own business The shoemaker owned his tools and his shop, bought his leather end sold his finished product. With tho coming of the first factories employees were gathered together under the same roof and worked fur wages with ths tools and materials of other men. Under tho Industrial conditions that prevailed before tha Civil war labor unions sprang up from tlmo to time but none were able to maintain nn existence over s period of years. Tbs rapid growth of tho nation that was still undeveloped gave opportunities of many kinds. Industry Itself wns growing and disgruntled employers might get better Jobe In new enterprises. Cities were expanding and ths laborer might set up for hlmsrlf n small commercial enterprise. The frontier always beckoned those who preferred being their own masters to working for hlra The shier tsembers of the labor group were always finding opportunities to Improve their dlffi-rultl- eu ' yi-nr- e condition. Following the Civil war th great labor o' "T Isations of the United States have developed, sfany foscea have operated to bring them about. Their Influence ha Increased In the development of Industry. They srs an Inevitable and an important ayZABOR. part of tho new industrial order. At first those unions directed their attention to tho bottormenf of the economlo condition of tho workers nnd this aim still remains foremost But of later yean ome unions have been paying particular attention to gaining aomo kind of partnership In Industry nnd may next reach out for a measure of polities! . , , control. , f .. . The complete story of the rise of organized labor in the United States as given in thla chapter, la an Interesting one. It goes back somewhat farther than the beginning established by Commons nnd his associates, to the time soon after the Revolutionary war when the shoemakers and printers on several occasions organised to protest and strike against the abandonment of the apprentice system which brought e depression of wages. As a result they were haled Into court on charges of conspiracy and these cases checked the growth of unionism In Its Inception. The year 1814 saw the first wage agreement entered Into by the bricklayers of Clnnclnnnti and this marked a definite trend In the labor movement. Social reform was one of the first efforts of American labor and so In the thirties we have the romantic history of the Utopian New Harmony (Ind.) experiment with which are associated the names of Robert Dale Own, Fanny Wright and her newspaper, the Free Enquirer; the Brook Farm experiment and Albert Brisbane and a similar community enterprise at Red Bank. X. J all of which ended in failure. In tlie 'twenties the first of the agrarian reformers cume to the fore with Thomas Skidmore as principal lender, and In the forties George Henry Evans proposed a scheme similar to Skidmore'. As early as 1828 labor entered politics when the first workingmens party In this country was organized by mechanics In Philadelphia, bnt labor as a separate party has never been able to figure After the decisively In national elections. nineties, organized labor did not officially enter politics as a separate party except In 1024. says Kelr. Instead, It has adopted the policy of Vote for friends, defeat our enemies.' Tills ifteans that labor studies candidates and their political records rad then, regardless of party, votes for the Individuals who seem to lean most favorably toward labor's desires. This policy has brought organized labor rich reward In the form of desired Among the first of these was the legislation. creation of a separate Department of Labor In 1913 and the placing of a labor representative la the President's cabinet The first secretary of of the labor was William B. Wilson, an United Mine Workers' union, wbo became a memiier of President Wilsons cabinet The pres ent secretary of Labor, Janies J. I 'avis, wns once an iron worker In Pennsylvania and a steel worker In Indiunn. labors participation In the national eonnclla and lta commanding position In America today have been due to organization. One of the first at tills was the formation of the National Labor union Immediately after the Civil war. The first convention was held In 1800 and Its prinwork-da- y cipal effort was to bring about a shorter eight-hou- r for labor. on secure day to and program By the time the second convention woe held la 1807, It was apparent that this union was going to depend upon political power to attain lta ends end as a result It soon lost ground. Although the Knights of Labor, founded by Uriah Smith Stephens In Philadelphia In 1SG0. once rose to a membership of a million members. Its power In tlie 'seventies and 'eighties soon began to wane and It gave way eventually to e young craft union, Inter famous ns the American Federation of Lnbur. One of the fcundiTs of the organization In 1881 was Samuel Gontners, of whom It has been said, Goto-lie- n gave tie American labor movement a bruin, s soul and a clenched fist. lie must be ranked among tlie great executives of his time." It was during bis presidency that labor rose to Its great ness, the gresinose which Labor Day celebrates er shipped to 100 carloads last year at the same station. These 9 Schubert. figures. were announced at the farm bureau office by Mr. Mathews, crop 10 Tlie Amazon. tester. 11 Commodore O. n. Terry. MALAD Enelda countys newly or12 Rev. James Owen Hannay. ganized board of fair directors met 13 The northeastern- section, known Tuesday evening and appointed the as the Archacn area. various committees and supervisors for the annuel fair to be held at Malad. 14 Uncle Toms Cabin." September 22, 23 and 24. Estimates of 15 Cambridge. the various expenses were submitted 10 William the Conqueror, when he and a budget adopted. directed that at the ringing of a bell PARK CITY In 1926 the state rankand all o'clock at at eight lights night ed first In silver production, second in fires be extinguished. lead, third in copper, fourth In gold 17 An engine and second in the total of mining divwhich dispenses with the usual Ignitidends paid. NAMPA Interest in the ing devices by rendering the air charge 8- 1884. - internal-combustio- n Incandescent by compression. 18 Gen. A. 8. Jolinston. 19 Plattsburg, X. Y 1015. 20 North Carolina. cutoff, Sport That Requiret Nerve and Quickness Though yon may have never heard of this sport nnder Its proper name, the quintain, you may have seen the apparatus described, especially in connection with stories of medieval and later sports in England. The quintain Is an apparatus used In military sport or as exercise by men on horseback. It is simply an nnrlght post with a crossbar at the top that turns on a pivot One end of thla crossbar is flat; to the other end Is attached a bag of sand. The horseman rides at the post to strike tlie flat end of the crossbar with a lance and pass on before the bag of sand can swing around and strike him on the back. To engage In this sport requires more than an ordinary amount of horsemanship, as well as a quick eye and a steady hand. which will give southern Idaho a direct highway to California, is being revived, Governor H. C. Baldridge revealed In an address before the Nampa Kiwania club. The proposed highway branches off from the Qld Oregon Trail at Caldwell, Idaho, passing through Oregon and connects with the highway at Nev., shortening the distance to California more than 500 miles, the governor stated. IDAHO FALLS Large and splendid crops of grains, legumes, alfalfa, potatoes and sugar beets In the Idaho Falls section and In Salt Lake valley are reported by W. Carpenter of Spokane, assistant director of tbe federal farm labor bureau, in the United States farm labor division report for the last week. This report was received' at the local chamber of commerce office Friday. PRICE Expert inspection of meats, farm and dairy products which are Wlnne-mucc- a, a consumed in Carbon county will be come a reality If either the resolutions which were circulated last week nr new ones which have been presented to the various clubs and civic organizations by K. F. Lueder meet with favorable action when presented to the meetcounty commission at l Railroad Grades ing Any railroad grade of 2 per cent or over Is uneconomical. Grade revision has progressed in this country until there are fee grades of 2 per cent or over. The Denver A Rio Grande has 12 miles of 2.4 ier cent grade westbound from Helper, Utah, to Kyune, Utah, and a 2 per cunt grade from Soldier Summit, Utah, to Tucker, Utah, a distance of about fifteen miles. August-25- . on an average of users for each water meter In the city, Nampa has a present popu'stion in excess of 10,000, figures on file with the city engineer show. More thun 13,000.000 gallons if water was used by the city In July, NAMPA four and one-ha- Based lf and, with news houses going up constantly, demands are becoming heavier on the city wells, which soon will he supplemented by additional shafts. PROVO Utah cannot hope to eliminate waste In fish propagation withThe candle Ush Is still being used out the establishment of rearing lakes and ponds. In the opinion of Mark Anby the Indluns In some parts of British Columbia for Illuminating pur derson, vice president of the Utah Fish and Game Protective association poses. After patching the candle fish, In shelIndluns a them the EPHRAIM During the post scuson .place dry, tered place and wuit (111 they have Hyrum nnd Karl Seeley constructed shrunken and all the water has eleven reservoirs on their luuihinj from them. They then set the range In the Kitchen," at least six o! head or tall of llio fish alight nnd use which contilned water on July 30. By the rnrcasN as they would n torch. these Improvements they have bestf There Is so much oil In the rurcsss alls to utilise much mere of ihc i tiiHt It produces a bright, atcuy 'luins lambing range this year than In (hi which burns slowly. past - Use Fish as illuminant evnp-orate-d |