:yj THE RICH COUNTY NEWS, RANDOLPH, UTAH Cabinet Members to Address Congress? to congress whenever matters of In. terest to their departments were under discussion Aid have the right to speak from the floor, would be very gratifying. In the Presidents opinion such an would contribute to arrangement the action of the legislaspeeding-u- p tive branch. If the privilege of addressing congress at opportune times when important legislation was under discussion should be given to cabinet members, the President believes many misunderstandings would be avoided and the harmonious .relations between the executive and legislative branches " . enhanced. would which Is a bill There pending provide that members of the cabinet should attend congress in a group on stated days each week. This the President and his advisers think Impracticable, but they do believe that congress will readily grant the authority for cabinet members to appear on the floor when desired by members. The President has been receiving communications from Individuals asking him to censor cabinet officials In Secretary their public speeches, Weeks recent addresses being used as the basis for these requests. insists that the present Chief Executive will wield no censorship over the members of his cabinet TX7ASHINGT0N. President Hard-ings views were disclosed at the White House following a regular cabinet meeting which discussed at some length the proposal recently urged by Secretary of State Hughes that members of the cabinet be permitted to speak on the floor of congress on affairs concerning their departments. The President thinks very favorably of Secretary Hughes recent suggestion In his speech af Ann Arbor that members of the cabinet be permitted to speak fa both houses of congress and keep In closer touch with the legislative branch on matters vital to department business. The President let it be known, following 'the cabinet meeting, that he shares the unanimous judgment of his cabinet that an arrangement whereby executive department heads could go OLLEGE i- ' .i ri k fraternities Greek-lette- are much discussed In societies these days of Increased public Interest In the higher Institutions of learning. The public Is discussing the colleges and universities freely their place In the American scheme of life and their measure of success In fulfilling their mission. Consequently the college fraternities are criticized and defended, since they are a feature of student life of large Importance. Are the fraternities an Influence for good? ' Are they a detriment rather than a benefit to the student? What are they? What Is their purpose? Should a boy Join or keep out? These are th questions asked by fathers and mothers and guardians. The titles of nenrly all of these societies are Greek letters, which usually refer to a motto expressive of the purpose of the organization. They are secret societies, with grips, badges, rituals and Initiatory ceremonies. Probably the fraternities should be put In four classes: General, local, professional and womens. In the first group there are about fifty fraternities of established reputation. Their chapters vary greatly as to numbers; the range Is probably from "seven to eighty. Corresponding to these are the sororities for women, perhaps twenty in number. Ibi Beta Kappa was the first society with a Greek-lettename. It was founded in 1770 at the college of William and Mary, and was originally a secret society. Other chapters were established. Owing to an early prejudice against secret societies, its secrets were exposed In 1831. The letters stand for Greek words, translated Philosophy Is the Guide of Life." Since 1831 Phi Beta Kappa lias been an honorary society In most of the large colleges and scholarship rank determines the membership. Women have been admitted since 1875. In 1825 at Union college a group of congenial students began the organization of n secret Greek-lette- r fraternity. They divided over the ritual. Some of them founded Kappa Alpha. The rest founded Sigma Phi In 1827. This was the beginning of the college fraternities of today. fraternities is Membership In the Greek-lette- r probably over 300,000. Alunni usually retain active interest. There are executive committees or councils composed of alumni, which are corporations and hold legal title to the property of the fraternities w'hlch is worth millions. Most fraternities own their chapter houses. Conventions are held with supreme legislative power. Conference has met annually The Since 1000 to act on questions of common interest.Thomas Arkle Clark, dean of men at the University of Illinois, has an interesting article with the tide, Shall I join a fraternity? in the American Boy. Mr. Clark was not a fraternity man in college ; therefore he Is able to speak from the viewpoint of the outsider. On the other hand, "he did join a college fraternity five years after graduation, has visited fraternities all over the country and has made a study of them. Moreover, as a college dean of men for more than twenty years he has had intimate relationships with thousands of undergraduates. Including the active members of many fraternities. Mr. Clark, in short. Is considered a competent authority on college fraternities. In general he approves them. Moreover, his article before publication was read to several college presidents and professors and high school superintendents, some fraternity men and some not. and approved by them. Here are some of the points he makes, pro and con: The young man entering college Is confronted with a good many problems which his father before him did not have to solve, and one of these Is the fraternity question; for though the college fraternity was In existence thirty years ago. It did not, to anything like the extent It does today, dominate college life and control the direct undergraduate activities. Its Influence was then confined pretty largely to a limited number of Small colleges In a restricted territory; its membership was not large, and Its members not closely asso-- , elated. fn speaking of the college fraternity I do riot wish to have It confused with the fraternity In the high school. Excepting, perhaps, in academies and boarding schools where the boys are away from home and need the training and the associations which come from an organized borne life and the responsibilities which arise from tringing these things about, the high school fraternity has been pretty generally a detriment both to the character and to the scholarship of its members. It has often taken them away from the restraints of home when these were most needed. It has developed snobbishness, extravagance and social excesses which have been hurtful to the , jneral morale of the schools. It has had many r, S ' I i i i Inter-Fraterni- ty - I 1 r i1: S 3 ii K i " HE nt A do not know any chapter of any fraternity and I know hundreds of them which does not contain men, respected by everyone in the chapter and in the college, who are earning their living In college through their own efforts; but in general, unless the man concern 1 has some special talent, this i is not so easy to do unaided when in a fraternity of the evils of the college fraternity without any of its advantages. I iiave seen a good deal of the high school fraternity, and the product which it turns, out, and 1 am free to say that If I bad a son I should not want him to join such an organization. The college fraternity first came into existence almost one hundred years ago when college attendance and the conditions surrounding college life were very different from what they now are. In those days colleges were small, and" the undergraduates were housed in college dormitories or scattered about the town and fed at boarding houses. There was perhaps no thought in the minds of the men who founded the first Greek letter fraternities of developing a home and home life for their members. The main purpose was to strengthen character, to develop good scholarship, and to emphasize aud encourage certain qualities of friendship. Often there was a literary purpose. The men who founded the first fraternities were mostly very religious men who believed sincerely In the principles of life and conduct as expounded by the founder of the Christian church. . Fraternity rituals today still emphasize these principles and hold up to fraternity members the highest standards of daily life. The teachings of fraternities are distinctly, religious in their inllu- ence. and the secret work to which some of the enemies of fraternities object has nothing sinister or vicious in It, but is really of the most harmless and innot-en-t character. ; It was not until within very recent years, when the attendance upon colleges began to increase and the conditions of undergraduate living began to change materially, that fraternities began to expand and to emphasize as they had never done before the function of the fraternity in developing for the undergraduate in college a normal and a healthy home life. In fact, fraternities are not only increasing their own membership but they are doing everything they can to encourage the organization of new fraternities, so that every man who- - wants to join may have a chance to do so. Colleges, also, whose doors have hitherto been closed to the admission of fraternities are relaxing their regulations and are giving permission to fraternities to come in and ail this "because those who know most about fraternities tldnk their influence a good one. At the present time national Greek letter fraternities, of which there are perhaps fifty, are the organized force in college activities. They take the place that was once occupied by the college literary society which taught men to speak, which interested them in the politics of college, and which in general controlled and directed what went on in undergraduate affairs outside of the classroom But the fraternity does still more than this. There are very few fraternities now wldch do not have their own houses on every campus. These houses form centers of home life which do much to take the place of the life which the boy has known with his own family before going away to college. It often costs more to live in a fraternity house than it does outside. The food at the fraternity 'table is ordinarily better than that the student gets at a boarding house, and the general living conditions are more comfortable and convenient; one has to pay for these. The social life of fraternity men is more active and so requires the exclothing and social penditure of more money-fo- r pleasures. Sometimes the living conditions hnve been made too luxurious, for the doing of good i life Is excessive and 'work, and at times the the expenditure of money extravagant; but these conditions do not frequently or generally exist I . so'-Ia- as when out of it The roan who joins a fraternity loses something of his independence. Being a part of an organized group of men. he is not so free to do as he pleases as he would be if he did not have this relationship. He must submit to regulations, he must learn to adapt himself to the conditions of borne life, and to the idiosyncrasies of a score or more of people. He will often have to yield his desires and bis rights, perhaps, to the will of the organization, for those who go into an organization must be willing to do what will bring the greatest good to the greatest number. He must learn to get on with people, to give up. to be unselfish. to do that which will be most helpful and advantageous to his brothers. Many fellows do not like to do this, and sometimes parents do not wish them to learn, so that such men would make . poor fraternity men, and they would be unhappy and make their friends unhappy in the making. There is a tendency when a man joins a fraternity for him to be satisfied with the friends he meets within its membership, and so to narrow his Interests, to restrict ids acquaintances, and to undervalue the broader training which comes from ' a niore general contact with men. It is only the man, however, who will weak and narrow-minde- d fall into this snobbishness and who will restrict Ills acquaintances and his friends to the men whom he jneets within his fraternity. The number of such men is fortunately not large. But there are advantages in fraternity life and these I believe outweigh these possible evils or disadvantages which I have mentioned. The boy who joins a fraternity establishes himself In a home with many of the same duties and comforts of tlie home life to which he has been accustomed before going to college, and the fraternity house remains to him a home even after he gets out of He gathers around him immediately a college. group of friends who have his best interests at heart. It has been said by those who oppose the that his choice of friends is fraternity-system- , made too quickly to be satisfactory; that It is a very mechanical choice seldom based upon the principles which underlie true friendships, and that the friendship thus formed Is an evanescent But the fact that fraternity brothers In one. every chapter in every college where fraternities exist nre not only- close friends while they are in college, but remain so throughout life, tends to disprove such a statement, A fraternity mnn is seldom dissatisfied with the friends he has chosen. The ideals of life formally set before the fraternity man, and these as I have said, are practically always based upon Christian principles, are the highest possible. The diameter of the men who were responsible for the founding of these organizations and the character of the national officers who are now in charge of fraternity affairs in each organization will substantiate this fact. The interfruternity conference, which for the last dozen years has done more to bring fraternities and fraternity men together than any other ngency, and which is constantly suggesting nielli oils in the fraternity of developing good scholarship, of strengtiiening moral principles, and of encouragwith its ing loyally to tlie college and officers, is composed of a most representative group of business and professional men lawyers, doctors, ministers and the best in the country. - ' - - -- Mr.-Hardi- sensational adventuring Into national parks finance of Senator Italph H. Cameron of Arizona last February, when he tried to kill the entire appropriation of $88,000 for the Grand Canyon national park, has come to an end with the acceptance by congress of the conference report appropriating $75,000 for the next fiscal year. The bill has been signed. During these months Senator Cameron stood out alone against the entire United States senate, in fact against all congress, showing himself the aggressive enemy of national park Wa have spent too development. much money already, he said in his speech, for isms and fads and chasing rainbows; and, so far as I am concerned, If I can stop It I am going to do it." He explained that one could reach the Grand Canyon by county highway, or a privately-owne- d railroad, and hotel. stop thee in a privately-owne- d You can go there in any way you want to, by vehicle, horseback, automobile, Pullman car, special train, or otherwise; and why should we in the United States senate appropriate this money when it isnt needed? Senator Cameron succeeded in holding his position against the unanimous sentiment of congress and the nation OCfflT7F6 - mms n because he Invoked senatorial courtesy. As the plain people outside the senate would put it, he made it a personal matter. The final compromise, laboriously reached, restored practically everything In the original bill except the money for roads and trails necessary to enable people unaccustomed to wilderness hardships to see comfortably the amazing spectacles visible only from the north rim. Though the north rim Is also in Arizona, the highway entrance Is from Utah. The north rim groups with Zion national park and other great plateau spectacles, and Senator Camerons compromise, therefore, 1s all at Utahs expense. The bill as passed provides that no part of the appropriation shall be spent on the north rim. Frelinghuy serfs TARIFF X Senatorial Courtesy Grand Canyon r . Scientific - of the powers of the to recommend to congress rates of duty based on in conversion! costs in this country and abroad was advocated by Senator Frelinghuysen of New Jersey,' a Republican member of the finance committee In a speech in the senate. He introduced his bill in the form of an amendment to the Broadening pending tariff measure. Senator Frelinghuysen declared that his plan, advocated by an organization composed of manufacturers, farm organization leaders and others, would He insure scientific tariff making. said that tf.e pending bill, although he had a han is drafting it and favors it. Is not a scientific measure. Under the terms of the Frelinghuy '3 r A ; Tariff sen amendment the tariff commission would be enlarged to ten members, with salaries of $12,000 each, and life tenures of office. Not later than December 1, 1923, the commission is ordered to report to congress the results of investigations into conversion cost differences and to recommend the rates of duty necessary. The amendment provides a fund of $1,000,000 to carry out the commissions extended ; duties. The determination of rates is properly a subject for expert study and consideration, Mr. Frelinghuysen said. It ought to be in the hands of a sufficient body of men equipped to give It specialized study, and having the authority to make- - exhaustive investigation and report to this congress scientific conclusions. He said the amendment which he proposed would vitalize the tariff commission and extend its powers. He would remove .the members of the commission from personal anl party pressure by establishing a funda-mentprinciple for fixing rates, and it would give them the time, the money, and the authority to frame such a bill as would afford actual, not merely supposed protection to American Industry and American labor. al One in Every Seven Officers Must Go one in every the regular army must be turned out into civil life by January 1 next, according to a preliminary estimate made at the War department of the effect of the compromise icachCd by senate and house conferees on the army appropriation, Approximately qeven ' - The unofficial study of its provisions indicates that 3,000 or more officers must be dropped entirely within the next six months. Of those officers to go the great majority will be from the line and many others probably will be demoted me grade." The compromise bill provides ft- a total of not exceeding 12,)00 officers after January 1, 1923. There 'are now In the service 12,822 ficers of ail grades. The following reductions in totals n present strength must be made un-lthe bill of January 1: Colonels, ICO; lieutenant colonels, 94; majors, i30; captains, 1,258; first lieutenants, In addition tlie following reduc-- j j 71. lions In each of the staff corps are provided for: Medical corps, 149; dental ce-p- s 77; veterinarians corps, bill -' - . 34; medical administration corps, 66; chaplains, 51. As the bill is read at' the War authority Is given either to carry 800 officers and extra numbers in grade until absorbed by the natural losses in each grade or to demote that number one grade each. . Recent annual examinations are known to have disclosed the effects of strenuous service and heavy responsibilities In France in the physical condition of many older officers. It Is regarded as likely that such men will be retired for physical disability, although their knowledge and experience gained overseas Is of the greatest value to the army, , , . v I - .