OCR Text |
Show CACHE AMERICAN. LOGAN. UTAH Only Boulder Dam Is Higher Than This UNCLE SAM TO BUY CURRENCY PAPER STAR DUST Appropriation Calls for Expenditure of $600,003. 4 SUMMER Iay In the year build a chain of military posts to protect travelers over the pozenmn Truil. Accordingly Colonel Carrington, then stationed with his regiment at Eort Kearney In Nebraska, was oidered to establish, organize and take command of the new Moun tain District of the Iepurtment of the Platte. At that time the district had but one post In it Eort Renu, 100 miles north of Kort Laramie. Carrington was directed to move this post 40 miles west ward, garrison It and then with the remainder of his command establish three other posts one on the Bozeman Trail between the l!!g Horn mountains and the Powder river, one on the Itig Horn river and the third on the Yellowstone river. IMiti. North of historic Fort column of Laramie hi soldiers Is the marching along Roemnn Trail w hlch winds across windswept upland plains and then through dis'p mountain gorges Into the land known ns Absariikn, the Jlonie of the Crows.' This military force of harely 71m men Is the Second It.it t.tlion of the Eighteenth United Mates Infantry, setting forth on an expedition width will make that regiment former famous In the annals of the Ainorltan araiv. The Eighteenth already had an miusiial and a brilliant record. Organized Jane 2d, 1S12, It made Its hrst appearance on the rolls of the army during the second wur with England. Three years later It was consolidated with the Kifih ami Thirty fifth regiment of Infantry to form the Eighth Called States Infantry, thus losing Its Identity and remaining "lost" for 40 yeais. Ciider the proclamation of president I.lncoln on May 4, lstll, t lie Eighth was reorganized and the So that Is why we find the Second Pnttnllon of the Eighteenth marching north from Kort I.aramle this hot summer day 70 years ago. Erom the clear Wyoming sky the hot sun blazes down upon them mercilessly and a they plod along the dusty trail they look longingly upon tbe cool promise of Cloud Peak In tbe distance. Of the 700, only about "oo are veterans. Tbe rest are raw recruits from the East the host soldier material to lie pitted against such redoubt-ahl- e warriors ns the Smut and Cheyennes. 1. klly they cannot look into the future and see what Is In store ISir all of them in this strange land of Ahs.iraka the loneliness, the numbing cold of a Wyoming wilder, the hunger and the otlioi privations, and for sumo of them a humble death under the stabbing lances or smashing war tilths of the Sioux. Perhaps some foreboding of their fate has already come to them at that council at Fort Laramie when Red Cloud, springing into the center of the council ring and pointing his finger at Colonel Carrington, exclaimed: You are the White Eagle who has come to steal the road! The Great White Father sends us presents and wants us to sell him the road, but the white chief comes with soldiers to steal it be fore the Indians say yes or no! I will talk with you no more! I will go now, and I will fight you! As long as I live I will fight for the last hunting grounds of rny people!" So he stalked out of the cminc.l and prepared fur war, as did Man Afraid of His Horses, hereditary chief of the Oglalas, Crazy Horse and American llcrae of the smile snow-cuppe- 111 ; , if -n 31. .V3 . . .... . ... GEN. H. B. CARRINGTON Eigliteinth ag.ua mine into t lulling the Civil war the sered with the Armies of the West limit r t.rtint ami Itoseerans and Sherman and Thomas. Wiitten on its liattlellags were the names of Vickshtirg. Stone liner, MmTiees-boro- , , Chh kamaug.i, Kenes.iw lono-le u o ami Atlanta. At Chickamaiiga the Eighteenth was brigaded with the Sixteenth and Nineteenth ngimonts and, as a part of Thom. is famous Foiirtunth corps, its gallant stand in that hat tie helped him win the nil kn line The Hoik of Clot kaniniiga." Winn the Eighteenth was organ ied in 1M.1 the man appointed to its command as colonel was llemv I! Camngton, adjutant general of the Ohio unlit 1.1 for Mwei.ii yeais he foe the ontlireik of the Cud war Although he rose to the tank of brigadier general of volunteers (lining that conilict, at Its close he re veited to his rank of colonel In the regulars and with his regiment was ordered west for sen ice in the I11 dinn country. In the meantime gold had hi on discovered in Montana and the rush of gold seekers to the new- camps followed. Their route took them the choicest through hunting grounds of the Sioux and Northern Cheyennes, lands which the government, under the terms nt the Harney Sanborn tunty of ism, had solemnly guaranteed should he undisturbed by white Invaders Hut emigrants to the Northwest, as well as the Montana Argonauts, showed exist-eno- rtgi-nien- Moan-tain- A f-- CHIEF M AN-AF- Al ;XA q S HORSES the white mans uni.il disregard for the sanctity of tieaties with the red man. They slaughtered game waste-fulland the Indians, angry over the violation of the treaty and the destruction of their ptlncipal food supply, retaliated with attacks on emigrant trains, parties of mlneis or am other travelers through the forbidden country. Early In 18d0 commissioners were sent to Kort Laramie to make an other treaty with the Sioux and Cheyennes hut, without waiting to see the outcome of thpe negotiations, the government decided to y i V rt it; s''- ON THE -- 4 CAPT. J. W. POWELL the federal commissioners at Fort Luramle assuring the commander that a satisfactory treaty of peace with all the Indians of the Northwest had been signed! During the next three months Ciirrington sent repeated requests to his department commander fur reinforcements hut It was In vain. Not until November did any arrive and then It was only one troop of the Second cavalry, CO strong. In December about 10 reerults joined the battalion In the Mountain District and these had to he divided tietween port Iteno, Kort Phil Kearney and Port C. K. Smith, which had been established on the hanks of the P.lg Horn In Montana. Requisitions for ammunition were not answered and the allowances of the three garrisons were reduced to a point which made rille pi ac lice fur the recruits Impossible. In fact, the stupidity of the higher officials in handling the situation which faced Carrington and his command is almost unbelievable. "At Fort Laramie, when all was peace, there were twelve companies of regular troops, while at Fort Phil Kearney, where all was war, only four companies were allowed." Thus reported General Sanborn after a tragedy had shocked the whole country Into realizing how ironical was President Andrew Johnson's congratulatory message to congress on December 8 that treaties have been made at Fort Laramie and all Is peace in the Northwest! Less than two weeks biter, on December 21, tlie Indians attacked a w 1 FIRING LINE tribe, and Black Shield of the Of course, some of the officers are scornful of their foes A few months later one of them will he saying boastfulh (live me eighty men and will ride through the Sioux naWithin a ill'll, he will go out tion from a foit with 81 men and not one will return alive' Put the terror of that day Is still six months Now the onlv concern of away. their commander is to reach his oh jective and begin the work he has been commissioned to do. 1 I On June 28 the expedition reached Fort Reno, Carrington docided that It was not practicable to move the fort as he had been instructed to do. Instead he ordered the stockade repaired, left 200 men to garrison the post and pushed on toward the north. On July 13 he established his camp on the banks of the Big Piney creek, and two days later began building the post to which was given the name of Fort Phil Kearney. Within a week Red Cloud struck his first blow against the Invaders stampeding a herd of horses grazing near the fort and killing two soldiers and wounding three others in the party sent in pursuit of the raiders. From that tune on until Its abandonment in 1808, Fort Phil Kearney was virtually in a state of siege. Scarcely a month passed without an average of 1.7 fo 20 separate and distinct attacks upon parties of w oiidchoppers, herders or scouting details and in most of these one or two men were killed and a great er number wounded Not a wagon train could pass along the Bozeman Trail without being attacked. One day a messenger dashed into the fort with the news that one such train, en route from Fort Laramie was corralled by the Sioux and in Imminent danger of being wiped out. Carrington immediately bite Pull, till) sad Ills nephew, who took part la the Eettenmin tight, have proved that Red t'lmul had no part In this battle. Instead, tbe ninlm-- h was planned and the Indian warriors were led by Crazy IIor-of the Oglalas and Plmk Shield of the Miidooiijnti. Similarly, Mr. Vestal's researches huve resulted In the truth about another famous buttle In the record of the Eighteenth, This was the Wagon Pox Eight near Kerf Phil Kearney on August 2, 1M',7. when CapL J. W. Powell. Lieut. J. C. and a force of 30 men heat off an attack by an overwhelming number of Sioux and Cheyennes. Wildly exaggerated stories have been told of thie fight how Red Cloud directed the attack of hit 3,000 warriors against the little detachment of eoldiere, crouched behind the flimsy protection of wagon boxee set In the form of an oval corral on the open plain, and how the hot fire of the eoldiere with their new rifles and plentiful supply of ammunition (7,000 rounds, in fact) exacted a fearful toll from their attackers. Powell himself estimated the lose of the Indians as Y. rYWY. Hppro-pil.itlo- V , 11 : gi . v,YV sV.V'c,. f Jen-nes- s C - w sent an entire company of the Eighteenth to the relief of the be When It arrived lenguered train. at the fort It brought mull from AGAINST THE SIOUX the wood train engaged In logging operations on Piney Island, a few miles from the fort and earring on detailed Capt. J. W. Powell with a force of 80 men to go to Its relief. Two days before Powell had been called upon for a similar duty arid had perfoimed it efficiently. Put just as the detachment was about to start out, Capt. W. J, Ketterman begged for the command of the ex pedition, pleading his senior captaincy as justification for the request. It was Fetterman who hail made the boast about riding through the whole Sioux nation with 80 men. Carrington, knowing his tendency to rashness, gave him specific orders to relieve the wood train, drive back the Indians, but on no account to pursue the Indians beyond Lodge Trail Ridge" and repeated those orders from the walls of the stockade as Fettermans party marched out The result is familiar history. Fetterman disobeyed his orders and was lured Into an ambush. Today a tall monument of cobblestones stands on an eminence known as Massacre Hill on the road between Buffalo and Sheridan, Wyo It bears a bronze shield with this Inscription : On this field on the 21st day of December, 1800, three commissioned officers and seventy-siprivates of the Eighteenth United States Infantry and of the Second United States Cavalry, under the command of Capt. Brevet, Lieut.-Col- . Wm. J Fetterman, were killed by an over whelming force of Sioux under emu mand of Red Cloud. There were no survivors." This tablet makes no mention of two civilians who accompanied the expedition, bringing the casualty-lis- t of the "Fetterman up to 81. It also errs in crediting Red Cloud with being commander of the Indians. Investigations among the Sioux by Stanley Vestal, biographer of Sitting J T 'tAcvv. uLvvni Owyhee dam. main feature of the Irrigation wotks of the new Owyhee ft'deral reclamation project on the Oregon Idaho border, Is the second only to the great Boulder dam. highest dam in the I'nlted States, It la 405 feet In height and creates a storage reservoir of LlJO.uoO acre-fee- t capacity which will serve 112, oou acres of land. sec-en- Sea Keeps Pushing Cape ITatteras Light Around Century Old Contest With Hatteras Continues. at least 60 killed and an unknown number wounded. But imaginative historians have boosted that figure to 1,500 killed and wounded! The truth Is that Red Claud, al thmigh present at the light, tank m active part in it. The IKK) Indian1 who made the attack were led by Crazy Horse of tbe Oglalas Flying! Pv and High Ilumii of the Mimcon jous, Thunder Hawk of the Sam Arcs and Ice of the Cheyennes. Six Indians were killed and six wound ed. The soldiers also suffered loss of six killed, hut the wonder Is that not nil of them were slaugh tered. outmimlieied as they were mure than !!0 to 1. 1 ot During the next three yea-'the Eighteenth's service on the plains it took part in many othei skirmishes with the Indians. Eron 1S70 to 1870 it was stationed lr different places in the South. Thet followed another period of servlet In the Northwe-- t until the outbreak of the Kpani'h American war whet it was mie of the first regiment1 to reach Manila in the Philippines If played a prominent part during the entire Philippine insimectioi and did not return to the Cnited States until Rail. Twice later it re turned to the islands in the Pacific In fact, seven of the eleven years between 1808 and l'iii'l were .spent in service outside the coutiiicnta' United States During the World war the Eight eenth was the first unit of the A. E F. to plant - colors on the French front; it was the first to capture a German prisoner, the hrst to inflict a casualty on the enemy and the first to sillier casualties at the hands of the enemy. The records it- Washington King Neptune and Mother Nature won by a washout I Thus might read the terse description h.v a modern sports writer who witnessed die recent abandonment of tlie famous hl.n k and white striped Cape Hatteras lighthouse. To keep a light burning on Cape Hatteras has been a struggle," says the National Geoginpluc society. In 17!N the first tower was erected. It w is two miles from the coast lint it took only 72 years of relentlc-'pounding of the Atlantic to reach the base of that sandstone pile. The recently abandoned light, a brick structute, succeeded the old tower. It was built only slight- - In the United States, being 113 feet from Its hae to the top of Its lantern, hut It was net the country's highest light. That honor goes to the light nt Cape Mendocino on the const of (allfornl.i. The squat tower Is Itself only 4.! feet high, hut It Is on u cliff about 37!l feet above high water. This light, of lii 1,1k to candle power, Is visible 2S miles. The country's most powerful const light Is located at Nnveslnk on the highlands south of New Yoik harbor. This Is a huge electric light of ptkKi.tkk) candle power. Since It Is only 24d feet above sea level, it can he seen only 22 miles out to sea, however. The proper elevation of lighthouses Is a prob letn. Lights must have a reasonable elevation above sea level to overcome the curvatuie of the earth; yet If built too high, they may be obscured h.v fog. 1,1 DRYS NAME COLVIN A8 $ jMovie Radio J By VIRGINIA VALE LOOKS ITlikely that more and more Paramount and IKO will merge in the future, which will mean another of those upheavals that take place every so often in the motion picture business. It's rather like shul'ling a p.uk of cards; the same men hob up over nt and over. And, curiously enough, Some of those men are not too competent. One of the Idg shots who gets important jobs, over and over, has consistently been a company wrecker. (Incidentally, lies Hot among the llirauiouiit-RKassortment!) Yet when one company lets him out, another one takes him on. Olivia do Havlland, who has climbed to the fop so rapidly slurs he appeared In "Midsum Nights in e r Dream," remarked the other day she had tied up her income In a trust fund, allowing herself only J250 a week, (wise girl!) and that, furthermore, shed spend her spare time between pictures In her home town, Saratoga, Cullf., because theres nothing like n small town where you know everybody to debate your ego. . Show Boat may be pretty Hard on your pocket book, because you're going to want to tee it over and over again. Compared with the stage play and the screen version made years ago, it comet out on top. A hardened movie goer who had never liked Helen Morgan, a man who had seen her at night clubs and on the stage, capitulated when he heard her sing My Bill. Another said he felt at if he'd never heard Old Man River till Paul Robeson sang it this time. Electricity Used. St A new series of historical slioris of the major seacoast Is under way, nnd its about time! e lights today electricity, alMost of us remember what we see Vs though Incandescent oil vapor, and X 'i 3 . on tlie screen, so this ought to be h oil wick lamps are still used ex' i the best possible method of teaching tensively In hat bur and river lights. t children history. The The lights are Intensified by large one, lenses. Both lights and lenses are "Snug of the Nation, dramatizes ' OSS V I i, tlie writing of The Star Spangled protected by outer lanterns of glass. Banner, ami Its finished. Some of The earliest lighthouses burned the other subjects are Lincoln's k "tST wood, after which coal, candles, whale oil, kerosene, acetylene gas, boyhood, the fall of the Alamo, the ' f vci-f f " and elevtraity were successfully drawing up of the Declaration of introduced. Independence, the Louisiana Purchase nnd the duel between Aaron The first United States lightVv Burr and Alexander Hamilton. house In tins country Is nt Sandy Hook, New Jersey. It had been in Anna Sten, whose movie career operation 12 years when the Decof laration was went up like a skyrocket and came Independence The Prohibition party In Its nasigned. Its stone and brick walls tional convention nt Niagara Falls, down like the rockets stick, has are seven feet thick nt the base. N. Y., nominated I.. returned from Europe, wheie she Leigh Colvin of Mlule lighthouses have been built New York for President of the made a picture. No announcements of stone, brick, wood, nnd iron, most yet about her making any more United States. of the modern structures are of over here. steel or concrete. A lot of the movie stars of earlier The fiist United States lightBiblical Actor Is The title of American beauty nt house exposed to the open sea was days will he seen in the picture, Honored by France Hollywood Haskell Indian Institute, Law renee, that on Minots Ledge, a reef offi Boulevard; some of them have been slowly coming hack Paris. The French of the LeKan, has been bestowed upon Ar- Boston width had long terrified to pictures, others have merely lene McLaughlin, a Sioux Indian mariners. An gion of Honor. Jouhe has just lighthouse, been made a Chevalier of the wanted to. Lea trice Joy had a test maiden from Wakpala, S D. She built there in 1848, was lost in a the other day. And one company Legion of Honor. Jonhe has is pictured In her native costume. gale one year later, and was rehas been dickering with Theda llara, Arlene Is seventeen years old and placed by a tone structure which played the role of Chi 1st in hunbut she wants lots and lots of was completed o 1S00 and Is still dreds of medieval mystery plays a junior In the home economics in use. Surf nreaks against its tnienL money. dining the last tin years. tuise, and in stormy weather, the In the open air theater In waves dash almost to the lantern. front of Notre Dime cathedral Speaking of Douglas ly more than a mile Inland, but the last year, 127 Ooo persons saw "At the more prominent and danFairbanks, Sr., has just about desea Ins taken CO years to come This Jesus. him impersonate cided not to make pictures any along the seaboard, dangerously near it One reason for gerous points of the United year loud speakers will make more; all the talk about Marco the slower progress of the waves to livers, and lakes The and Its possessions, are loaudible every woul of Polo has come to nothing. He adthe second structure was the re- States True Mystery of the Passion" cated 525 lighthouses with resident mits that hes been- - away too long, peated attempts of the government which will be presented during keepers. The United States lightthat has progressed to fight back. One device to prethe Paris festival. Joube will lighttoo rapidly for him. vent erosion of the coast was Inter- house service employs 1,100 house keepers, only one of whom of Jesus. the role play . locking sheet steel piling driven is a woman. Fred Astaire has finally got things Into the coastal sands. A new steel fixed to suit him. Trom now on tower has been built another mile hell make just two inland and the battle Is on again. pictures a year. Sea Changes Coast. And Ginger Rogers The whole contour of the east(who's bad some ern coast of the United States Is very smart new constantly being chang-- J by the sandals named for sea which cuts away some beaches her, incidentally,) and builds up others. The average will have a chance force of the Atlantic waves In winto go dramatic in ter Is estimated at from one to some of the ones three tons per square foot. she makes without Cape Charles, Virginia, Is one him. She Insists of natures most active seacoast she doesnt that battle grounds. In 1827 a lightwant to be nothing house was built 700 feet from the but a dancer, and shore. It was deserted In 1803 beshes right She should have a cause tbe site was undermined by chance to show her other talents in erosion. A second tower, built the acting and to develop them further following year farther Inland, was In pictures. also undermined and abandoned. In 8'i5 a third tower was built ODDS AD FA DS . . . Harriet HiU nearly a mile from shore. This towhard util traxel to California soon a skeleton er, iron structure, is to play one of the leads in Count still in use. fete . . . Gineer Rogers has written 7 Can't I nderstatid (Thy lou a song Neptune has been no respecter Cant Understand Me; did both of geography In wielding his chief words and mime . . . SUia Sidneys weapon against lighthouses eromaking a picture in England, and besion. The Cape Canaveral light on urged to stay and make some more ing the east coast of Florida; the . . . Errol Flynn almost got deported Hunting island light. South Carobecause he forgot to renew his lisa lina; and the lights at Cape May , , . Since James Cagney just wont New Jersey, and Sand Island, AlaTwo thousand delegates to the American Red Cross convention in make new pictures, his old ones are bobbing up again, end theyre still bama, are among those that have Chicago saw Red Cross Nure Mrs. I'isbeth II. Vaughn of St. Louis resuccumbed to the seas invasion. good . . . Edna May Oliver is having ceive the Florence Nightingale award for her long record of nursing a grand location, her fusi in a long The abandoned tower on low lyservice. She was presented with the medal by Admlial Cary T. Grayson, tune. national chairman of the oieanuatiun. ing Cape Hatteras was the talles 9 Western Newspaper Uni- - AMERICAN BEAUTY Most 1 kY, A X f I 7 fir-.- rK , x J t? s n::. A I X !, iron-fram- e de-p- picture-makin- Red Cross Nurse Highly Honored x Mas-acr- -- breech-loadin- CAPT. W. J. FETTERMAN nsldngti'ii Dm lag the fl.cnl year hi'glimlug July 1, the tiiMsuty evpixlh to print nlmut t'T tuns of niirency paper. Cuidi'acts fur th .Vein's supply of the ilisllm the pu per used for primed curiency have been swarded. The current culls fur the expenditure of bout Jilts mo. Under tlie terms of the contract, which will cov the full requirements of the treasury, tlie government will pay 37 cents a pound for paper that has a 75 per Cent linen nml a 27 per cent cotton content. Two yeais ago the contract prke was 3U.25 cents per pound. Lingo HI1111111I replacements for the paper currency In circulation are necessary. In recent yeais paper currency has not worn out in Circulation as quickly us before. The average dollar hill now lusts nine month. The higher the denouilmi-lion- , tlie longer the life of the lull; on the average Lillis above a dollar endure a year. It costs the Treasury about seven mills to manufacture each hill. Having some time ago cut down the siz.e of the hills, the treasury Is now saving about $2,5Ki,OoO annually on the cost of the paper. For the coming fiscal year It Is proposed to print about t.(kS),0(S sheets of paper currency. The production of dollar hills will require nearly 43,(kkl,(ki0 sheets. Replacement of damaged currency Is a continuing process. Federal Reserve hanks examine paper money reieived from commercial hanks; those that are not fit to go Into circulation again are canceled and each hill Is cut In two lengthwise The lower halves go to the division of loans nnd rurreney by pireel post. On reeeipt, each bill Is Inventoried, and the federal reserve hank is notified Ly wire, after wliiili the upper half is forwarded to the treasurer of tlie United States. A count Is then made, and all halves are delivered to the destruction committee, who destroy them nt the bineuu of engraving and printing. j Photo by D. F. Unrry CHIEF RED CLOUD of the War department shew that the Eighteenth suffered the greatest loss In killed arid wounded of nnv regiment in the American army during its service overseas. Put, distinguished as is this more recent service, in the regular army this regiment Is known best for lls tragic history 70 years ago when it fought thp Sioux and rhecennos in Absnraka, the "Home of the ('rows it Western Neccstae.r I n on Jb; |