OCR Text |
Show HL- -: STAN DA ID: THE SUNDAY UTAH. OGDEN, SUNDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 9, 1006. T&z: CoGzza:rz J24izjy avalanches, or ware blorked with snow and frown to death. This railroad waa projected by the Bvrtas In 1WI. But tha work was not begun until 1871. Thru countries Bwltserland, Germany aul :aly contributed aulialdlen to thenmanut pf llO.nW.QiK) franca for tha carrying ext of thla great commercial eutrrpriac. inly gnvr W.Udo.OOn franca, Germany SU.OtKi.Uid and fiwltxerland 31.00ti.0in. The work waa begun ly Louis Farce, s fiwlss who died of apoplexy while workIt takea aa expnai ing lu tha tunnel. 15 minutes to go through, and a alow train front 20 minutes to hoar. Thera la only one pair of rails, so that train go only on way. and a hall rlagi from time to time until tlia train romia out. Thera haa never been aa accident or a stoppage since tha tuanel waa bnllL lu tbe morning the train leaves Lnrerna and la la lillaa by evening. It goes te Uuaegg. where it aaceuda quite a height Here It paaara through arehrd tnaneli high aliore the lake. Coming out of the tuunela, .the blue take appear anew. Next follows a stretch of plain bctxrcea Arth aud Hlemcn. ' To the right I the Lake ef Lomera and the I eland of Rcbwanaa; te the left the etrange peaks of Mythea, after a short enrra round tha ReJI and tha lake at the flneat point, Brunnea. There If a long rid across tha plains with view of tbe lake to Fluelea. At Knb feld the gnat, heavy mountain loooaiotlra la attached aud the Alpine Railway begins. The mountain engine tug and pnfit ae It mounts to Goscbrnea. At thla h right tbe Eratfeldcn Ularler eppeerx; that leaping torranta, here foumlug wntrniai the pleasant fragrance nf deep pine he eale. Beyond Anuateg the Gotthard tatm a runnel to escape tha evalaMfim f At thla point the item Brlitenstoek. appear to flow upward; thla la hectm the train wluda here, there and The two moat difficult points art at Ilataberg and tha luefelsherg. Bat wonderful work f a splendid brlilgo. that awfhl railroad engineering, gap. It waa here that many of tke awat dreadful accident a occurred lu tha middle age. Beyond lo tha Italian Itfrontier. awa. of I eel no haa characteristics Green whlrlioola In the shada of aook and wood. On the left Moots Pratkae hare any exit; on tho right are I loping bills. The train sweep once more through tunuele. then white gorges, valley street! appear and disappear, giving way to mountain slopes and tuullwrry true. Ones more lerlno la heard gurgling, telling the Impatient traveler he la approaching MIan with Its great cathedral.over the Another handsome railway la Berness Mountain. At first tha pnth among lowlands, but uoou tha mountain euglue la atlacbed, and tha trala raouata higher and higher. Below are tha raj end leys, spotted with pasturing rattle Kwlss chalets. Here the people tend te da thrlr rattle during the summer, and In the winter. From Berne acraea to Interlaken the trala la carried valleys, uatll another steep ascent la mate aud foaming waterfall la heard. Than down a steep railroad, whence tha view over the Here Valley la free and open, to BrniHg and luteriakeu. it construction la the Eaga A more dine Ballroad, which goes from Thnole ts Coirs, and then to ML Murlta and Bonn ena. It la tbo work uf Mr. Henning, and wa completed only there yean ago a prlvata enterprise, It was started but tbb company did nut have the money to complete It, and eo tbe work wea Tatll rota takn up by tbe government time the coach road waa the only meanto of ceres to tha Engadlnc. From Cotr St. Mortis thr aacriit la steep. The la carried up tha mosatala acraea Idea, through several tumble end the gaping ravines. The two vledaeta ana viaduct on tbe left, Mebmlltrnohol tbe great Lendweseertridge, between Ac The uni rrnen and FlliMie on tha right. and. wna makes an ascent of 20 degree, raa sharp carve, spam a great gap aud aos ter a tunnel of 217 meter. The bum the left la 140 meters long, and It la at a height of 35 metera. The last of theae great mountaineering enterprises la tb TungfrauH Kallroea, startr planned by Georgs Bailor. tb work, but died noon after it warTOr gun. The Bernese Ballroad goes Interlaken through the lovely valley Kanterbrunaea and Grtndelwald up tne Kleule Kebadegg. 'lb moonuln aides am moo; pink with the Alp roses and otheraaeradl tala flower. H ef and sleeper Bcbodegg, Klenle tbe engine to tbe cold a good vantage point for Ihe three el1mountains the Eiger, Moanrb and the i nngfran robed la tha pan robra eternnl snow. Another mountain engine goes to tno Eiger Glacier, where the brant. ilAao'h frau peers forth In full glory. to tn aimunlug railroad bns been ball! Elsmelr. . This was couildfred a b difficulty, for a tunnel bad to under a glaHer. Thera atlll remain ride, but the queatlou la answerad ?" will timrlata be able to eadura of thoer dixxy height. Tha root of tw fiiKlomlnc ,ilrprlw bF wfBi Tbo OA franco, or thrlr eltle with domed many onir viaduct a. At Berne there la a did atrel bridge aeroas tha Harm u the work of Otto Boole. The town of Geneva. Znrlck ana erru are also adorned with bandrom . stone bridges. Herr Homan Abt is one of tb grraw" Ha baa Improved Mwlis engineers. aud pin cogwheel i Sylvester March, eomplisked thla by making tha pin part of the rail. The wheel are ran" threw tlnirs during a rerolutloa. He this while building a railroad over ro Hart. Thin work wna dona In 8 ,1 lisxt bln Improved ayitrm waa area carries and Auatralln, Europe, Japan, Ilkcs leak. These arc only a few of tha road cnnatrnctlon. hut they aroew tn show that the Bwlsa hare conjTJT bulldiag thdr dannrlewa monntaln byescendln eels, chaining gap and teeprat bcighta with monataln cng one-ha- - ITII wo enjoy tb g nudeur nf iwllarriand and the aldlltj of lha L;ieople, It la their character we are inrrrd to adinlra moat. The Kwlas area atruua aad healthy rare, though In amF parta the unfavorable Influence of the fur' torjr and. allll morr, that of alrohol hart Biadr tlirmselro full. They an- a people; It la a common night in err a little chapel un the highest muunlala and a ahrlue along a forest mtb. They lore thrlr mountalna and thr (nr-dithree hare gireu them. The now! anrullniwd Kwlss iraHar.t often any to the louriat: "la there anything heller Ihna our nmuntalnair' They lor their gnrrrunieiit and art or let prtrnte enter prion aland In the way of earring tlieir country. All cluaara are Intrrrated lit polltiie and are well Informed aa to the lawa that gorrrn them. Keen the rlanaea enjoy the time aprnt at ami vuthe maneuver. Urn of lture give much of tlieir leisure to public affairs. It la thrlr chief ambition to hold eoma large political poeltloa. not for the emoluments, a thrae are nothing, hut for the rrrognitlou. One of the seven turn In thla gorerument has hern preeldrnt three times, lie era aa eminent phyalrtaa and held many minor offices before be wa made a member of the government council. Another nun. proprietor of a large hotel In Lucerne, gave up a auccreoful business to devote hiuialf to politic aud writing so public affairs. The Purina In education. Nearly am great all the cantonu hsve tlieir nnlverslllee, where atudeuti from many parta of tha world come to study language!, sociology and philosophy. They give the ama opportunities to both erica Kerry Urge town hee Its grammar and prepnratory school. Kouie of then tie free; In othcra they ask a small fra, and for thla pltlanca they are taught three or four languages. The Kwlss are kind to one another. aud the The hotels work when crowded, largest establishment, give much custom to the smaller holds. They are exceedingly kind to their poor. They have many nnsoctatlmia to supply people with etnpl) inrnt. The town aad ronton help the poor, ay thrlr doctors' hills and mil. If u errata ry. They iinvr splendid Invtitnlloaa for the aged and deddnit. Tha ainat marked trait la tlieir love for work. In Kwltaerlsnd: ineu. Everybody work women and rLlldrvn alike. If employment la alack, tie men g to other If they cannot work (it their own trade they do something until fortune smiles on thrm. Thoiiannda go to itnly. France, Rnglnnd snd America. where they worh na hotel employes, hotelkeepers, confectioners nod engineers, and after they make a certain fortune they return home. The peasants are the The country Inula people In the world. to The ellniute ltrlf poorly t and the noil are adapted to till oc. cipstliin. Hut wb.it the Kwlea pennant in Isms In farming he makes up lu entile ami allied purherding. ehceHeiunklng suits. The fan MU ile Vaud Is the paraHe works din' of liie Swiss ieasuut. luird. Inn Hie return fn.ni the grain-a The him good living. give him his lumber for Ills forest gii'-This and wagons. houses, outturnsway and another he manages to Itiy something nslde for the dowry of his daughter and provision for lit son. In the raRtmi de Vi.lnl In the spring I hr-cotiie down from the poor pcae.111 mountain village, hrlnglng their rattle. to hildien and hniel.-ilt- l Iwlnuglnas. n.ake thrlr abode emung Hie vineyards. This work I often extremely dangerous. For lb vineyard have to he Irrig.-ilecarby conduit, and these are and ried to duty height, t cheese making nr valouhie means of to many of tbe SwImi pemnntry goals, while They in snpirted by tl the rows supply the milk and rheme In herd Is removed to the spring, when the Aipx, the herdsman drrnse hltnwdf In II bli finery. He selects hi favorite and handsomest cow. he ndorn her with n crown of fiowi-r- . and tie bis largest hell In her nock. Tha row In no proud of her pelf that she refuse to let any other row get ahead. Another carries the milking stool, and they nil wear clausing hell. Piugtnc the yodel, be drive lha gnat and cow up tbe mountain. Koine of these ascent are extrdnirly huxardo-.v- . The place are so steep the rattle are lifted with rope uni plank. A more daring man I the nmsrr, i - eum-Bi- belh-ver- a eotin-trle- hardest-workin- . iu-- aoim-tlin- g who aliinihlrs among rorhn and rrevnuea to gather fond for the rows and uillllnte for rheee IJks n cbatunla, ha maka bla ascent from hill to ere at, rata tha hay. ilea It lu bundle, and thea burls It duwn from the summit. Hi belongs to tllv smue rlaas aa tha mountaineer who risk their lira scaling Jagged rocks aud traversing treacherous glaciers with tourist to earn a livelihood. Other work at flax, which la no light tnsh. The flax lx left until the need nru grown. The pulling then beglua; it la laid in dry, aad la rnllarled In buudlea. The aectl nr removed by drawlug the tin through Iron eoinlta. Tlia women rlotig with the men work at hacking the llnx. They not only wear their owa clothe, hut Inereana the fniully atnn- - liy vn weailng the woof and warp In thi-l- i home atul return It to the neller. The greatest prlile of a peanaut girt lx lu haia a wardrnlie of linen she bn made herself; and a peasant man la exceedingly proud of 111 wife's areouipllalnurnt. The worn-- 1 ru In HI. Hall teach eery small girls to do tha handsome Hwli embroidery, so much admired by tourists from all part of Buroiw and Amerlea. Fire or ulx I non too yuung fur these children to be-glThe older one work all winter sell. Ing their fine work to he wholesalers, la summer time they go to the large ritle. and are hired to work hefnr the rrtrj-wher- shops to attract atmngvra. la the eaat-rr- a raulona many of the peasants work la tha silk factories part of the year. They ara either employed handling the Ilk looms or la milking tbe cow on thrlr mall farm. Tlieir leisure Is g'.rea I or watchmaking -- tha entire family la often engaged with this other aplrndld earring road was cut arms the Horneae Obnrlatid, making tha highest mountain passes accessible to the people of Berne and l.uccrnt. One of tbe most difficult nnd daring In the Rlmirion; It goes Into Italy, and wa the otHy mode of acres liefor tlic building of tha tunnel. The tunnel wan mil Iteguu until work. Henio-tt- . Hrnudnu A Co. It In na Thrlr chief recreation la found lu tha IKK, by the left bank of the Rhone, and II the Late and la fall tha Alpine cluli. early miles lu the world. It I 13V largest r re or tourist gone spring, after tha I while Uotthard the long, only tl. ill,. out start before they come, large parties It eonnlrln of two parallel tunueln, aud to ascend the steepest mountains. Thrlr cost tfii.lNXi.iMhl francs, or 13.8iilaai. during often results In death. Mrveral Much of the tunnel I built at grant families, or groupa uf young people, go height. A different sort of engineering In off together climbing, romping nod send era at Mvirlugen. along tha gorge of tbe lug thrlr folk airs up tbe mountain Aar. where galleries have been made height. through the ootid rock, and rarrlrd on The general outlook of the country I tha length of the Iron stanchion aero The prosperous. bring thla Mrlii nrht. shout by being successful hotel keepers Nothing I too difficult fur the people to nd engineers, attracting thoiiannd to easily. Now It la tha with a tlieir beautiful land. Tbe pet nts, though simple liver, are usually happy. Iteeauae light area that spam a grout chasm; there I a tunnel that pierce the bowel they are mailers of their small farina, .of the earth, and a narrow ticswl leap Hvslsa llallesada. a daring bright. Ingcnkma as these conAmerlra ha always been Interested tn struction ara. they are built with great If thr roadway I ilidiry. railroads, and I rocognlrcd among ail rare nnd uialaucln-- . It I protectiiallon as hailug the greatest line of ed by a solid way. If Ihe path la nnriow rsllroHda and I he ablest engineers- - Hut mountain side, a wall la our country has a rloae rival to the nnd built up anil sometime for mi en. rairlrd nlorg, Kwlss. who have made the Burst railM'hcre the ascent I exceedingly steep. ' road I way. the great number of mountain built straight, lull la carroad and essayed many of the most ried lig sag up the mountain height. A teats lu engineering. The Alp are handsome cairl igc no I la Imllt along tbe from Kursnaelit to a hlf'lng to Switzerland. and for m my at a dntzv height, giving a reasou. They bale protected thr Hwl ut lie-llie lake anil the inoiiii-laiof from Invasion, made different people let on. The roadway at one place heterogeneous and forced adcc, lists and i rnrrhxl thr- ttgh thr uniintaltis. The engineers to conquer and chain the nuiM with gunpowder In w.ia lln!ug della ut mountains. Aa a rccugnlxd an a v.ai a to niiikc an atllerv. tbority un Kwlss engineering any: "The supported by the u.ilnral aides uf tbo struggle with niiliire has developed In the Hwlsa a tprdal Insilm-- t for self preservation and It onltome -engineering '' Nowhere Is thl so weil a Beale illustrated or on d uiagulll.-en- t to as In thr roadu tliey hate uppjitiitT!. Tmih-roioier the rortiify till the can l c ciwr; Huiulalu passes. Koine of these were nr anmnd wiitimit (lie :! of made, or, at least, beg in, by the Homans In tart avN. ir milrtTjjSMiiii! more than 2, 00 year ago. Tbe r omlna Klufer h the iuom iroi!t ih!f tin; nf of their work are seen arrix Ihe pt. ihi yojtr for munhnmin growlnc. 0:1 nf tim Gutthard; they built tills mJ so irav trlcs iilmiit 1'hriKf riiim lime. could cross the mnnotaln pai nc ! pi i In are eiocre-- with the nlntrr Into from cold Swltaei nnd runny lialj. t. :i rtrn protection oisulmit Having dared the r iiiiiult of the High fr v.vw. nnd u Mnnhntitn liih:i'and fonnd that thl nut n an It lock, al n.iuy nn nina licit by neither gou.1 g..., they found to b cot. Sev-- , tfnrdin-pel men to wort to king n up ;lr rrl militate for ami atjaliMt a mountain iWr. tlii-im ;i j ,1 ctep. Th flnt and nnmt .o to he coiiMdon'il k the Emperor of I ra.. uinuj :hh tha munhrooiMii aro to - l. g Kw'tacr.a- -. I sl'M wii frini n th' noM lie of the rikn. m I to nuke arcicloser ohrainnhli. the dlffiT.-i.Thin ypMMii m prodtic la t!e Phajfe nf Hut luniiy of 'V- li1,,-englni-- r i hin, ilritMl, ohlnua hrfeka. ml rovron I u.lt r ' v Ihe niomiluln "iv frcer cMtctitiicntltia with kirii of dllTcn'Tit I or funno home made. iine l hi A. j with I'M'n Kji;IP'h j lrltlfb I'riHiiiiif and nnii tiu- f ti1 Knjri'Jii from Franca In the rmlrnviir f PlUJc f h..! ui I.:i parted th tvuit. In 'hi ft :tk fhr f NtJii frM a f. the cm till ill (ij ti to St. M'i ns lira cf (.:ptodate tuuahnom faim. wood-earrin- well-to-d- brl-lg- nt mug-r.itl- n 1 - am-l- i 0-- rock. Thl celebrated cliff road was for many years considered a masterpiece In KwIns engineering, but It baa nuw been overshadowed by many of tbo audacious mountain railways. Thera was a time when even tbe brave hwisa people would not ascend the Klgt; tliey feared nature's bold sentinel and Imagined tbit evil spirits lived on the summits. Tha first to ascend the Hlgl were scientists, and they climbed those heights la search of curious plants. There are two railroads np the Ulgl now. The l line starts at Arth, on the Lake of Zug. and, paavlug through the Goldan, ascend through thla gap. aa dors also Ihe Vltsuan line. The Rigl wu the first uiMintulu railway hnlit, and wr opefte.l in 171. It comes from Vltaiinn over rooky ridges and green slopes. Both lines ineot si Ittgl KtaCcl, a slight, graceful dip In the northern ridge, between ihe lliiiaiiH-nnd tbe Kulm. At tbe hilght of 4.7UO feet I the hn'fwny at. Hon, known Hlgt Kaltwnl. Thla railmni meters long and In rarrlrd way l up grade of per rent. It was lieguu lu ItaH nnd finished In 1K71. It was the work of three able engineers Olierit Wolf. N. Itiggenbarh nnil . Zachokke. It rl the Idc. of protmtlng the train Willi enga pinned Into the iics nf the rail la the work of gn Amerb wood-earrin- g tt-M- Artb-RIg- Men h. nshlligion work aerr.-- raU-ros- alg-xe- g Aero the lake In the Burgenstoek, with elevator at an elevation of 4.fn feet almve tha wen. Near at bnnd are the broad expanse of rolling meadows on the wide of the mountains. I'.elow are three shimmering lake, with the faint outlines of several town nestling along the border uf the lake. The eye lifted heavenward from The plains takes In with a broad sweep many mountain immlta. Including tbe Mourh and the Eiger. A more difflcnlt piece of engineering In Ihe rilnl'i Itsilrcad. The to the lop Is a feet, or 3.251 metres. It I nearly three mile In length, with an average grade of 3w per cent., and make n I be who luil.T llie Mount In lKVt. and bis Hallway aa model for the Kwlaf enenhiur posigineer. llie Klgl bolds tion II Ilea larire-three lakes. It la not a single moiinliiln, a la general'y iuMwed. but a flattened pyramid, from who.- - Icight several peak appear. The ihe northerly Kilim, nuil highest this peak. 5.!io fei-- t In height, ere a rnm'ier of sumv-cuere- -l inniiutam. The Klgl His hdch. in the The Kulm la the wntch-toweaoii;li and of. r uiagntflernt panorama. Ii W annw-rnppe- d ung-fm- nw-e- uerer-endln- SUCCESSFUL it l ! j irrT-iiJ- w-- i . r t !S mu.-bul- . i lt .iij-- l : ui-.i i !t - . l K 1 V a- MUSHROOM FARMING. .Aftor the pawn. rh!rh rorreepondu to nettl. ili ! iii in which the fuuhroina tire to he are the next conrhWn- tmn. TLif imiet bo made of the lieot tiiAinro. which nil fondan e aa pieces of wivnl. old hnvo bren raref:lly re I'.iety tin1iiiose! iron In any forru la a rent I'l.itri the imiahnn'in giowrer, aa u pitch k poe of imn that has I pcu et iikxkrd In a bed. la always found to lie ,j ,i The r.' k:jf of the beds la two feet - m the base nml the earn hi the whole bed wilt he found to be B an by thin white threads thickened lu with placet branches of liny white globular weJllngi which afterward luto tnitataroonin. In the French mush mom meet Jhe g rowers fa tor a covering of wet sand in place of moM Ttie bed require waterlnr. the eorerltup of ntraw :il nckbi bring anflkdent to itrotert the dclk-nifuil from tbe effect of Inter-w-cte- d dire-tlon- anh-atai- . i . n- -i , cold. hHir'D. t m i.i,r1:ng Wlvii fr crttif'illjr n tur.de til Mr 4.rr.e '.kii to Ih.ii , gp.ecra. w ...u-c- ,, ' 1!.. to run. D I Father polnL Is i!mli the luat of ji'., rli the roi-'co. iiirteil In amall IkilHpe it it.' jtize of a Inre walrnit every ma ii ms throMshont tbe bed. and i the crcd with mold about 4nje ana. a fc.ilt layer of deep and iim i ; anxlnus time foe the cl tnnst he watehe.1 t.u-nctU th- At thla pcrio.1 of growth exrt soon a the nmabrontna are fit to wt;Jrli n III he In nhoi t three Wiekai tbe men roll track tbe straw cor-erir;from P inrt lo lie barrented, cri-f!nrepl:ir;ry If a soon aa pomlblo. i he market y.rlie of botne-grow- a innsh-vnhId winter from 30 rent to I per The to make their appenranee ore rni:cm aa mxu aa they abiw tip In tbo torn of little white knob, known ns "hntti no. The next aixe ora known an A I i j I and those that have attained fn!l cup, e- f "ir ti.-- vh a, toon-h- i Icld a broiterx. Inst, aliont fcra It require renewing, SO about pounds per yard. ihe ascent In one hour and twenty-fiv- e minute. Thla la the work nf Edward Locker and Onyrr Freuler. Thla railway wna not opened until IWH. Tilt town counell forbade any railroad to be bnllt here for rentnrle. Iiernuae It wna thought that I'liate lived there. This railroad begins at Alpuachstad, In a nook of tha lotrly Bay of ilpnocb. Tbe Journey to Its summit la tedious, though It la well worth the Journey. The Ink below, among the leafy hraurhe. sparkles like the purest solitaire. Knon tbe eye patches a glimpse of another and still another lake, until 14 lakra ara seen. Beyond towers peak after peak awilcd In snow. Tbe elceirir railway from Ktanaxtad to Ecci'Mirrg. though a leg auiliitlnua shows great skill in electrical e':Kiieciliig. It wa built In the cummer of ISW and I nearly 15 miles long. At I ret the railway proceeds easily and without tcrhnlcal difficulties along tbe level of the kivt-- Aa. lint It soou enter upon ihe mountain portion through the ravine of the An. with a gradient of 45 degrees, tn Uliermati. At iibermatt Is a dytinmo house of the railway, disposing r of uaore than filtju for tbo railroad and for eleitrlr lighting to a number of village. At Oberaiatt begin the Bleep portion of the railway. It la mounted by a gradient of 25 degrees, wltn motor rarrlugen nad engrails. Tha ppe In a gentle curve into the bright Alpine Valley of Eagelberg, hem. med In hi Jagged peaks. Intercsrlcg na theap mountain rallrond ara. thr Kt. UnttLard is the greatest Bwlaa work. It unite Hwltxerland aud Italy and earrl.a ihe traveler erer a dlfllcult nioiiutaln pnsa. The Humans built a road here aeit-rathousand years ago. and later thla wa Improved by the Hwlea. lu summer time travelers went over the pare in con he; In winter on Bnt the road wna often covered sleds. high with nuw and very narrow. Every were killed by falling year hundred horse-powe- Hi-l- rugl-.i.eiin- ! a" ra-to- to -- |