Show IMPORTANT SYSTEMS OF CULTURE USED IN GROWING GOOD CROP OF raspberries RASP BERRIES 14 I 1 1 4 6 4 tp U le law ma R X 5 L IK M I 1 x na Q 4 alti I 1 ap aw FIELD OF SEVEN YEAR OLD EMPIRE RED raspberries RASP BERRIES prepared by tho the united states department of agriculture three systems of culture are used in growing raspberries rasp berries the hill the linear and the hedge systems the term hill system syster nt 1 Is restricted to that method of tillage la in which the horse cultivator Is used on all sides of each plant when the alie cultivator is run in only one direction and only the plants originally set are allowed to fruit the term linear system Is used if some of the suckers which come coine from the roots of red raspberries rasp berries are left to form a solid row and the cultivator Is run in one direction only the term hedge system is employed the distance between the TOWS in each of these systems should be determined ter mined by economy ln in tile cost of cultivation and in tile the use tise of land where the area of land available for planting Is not limited usually it will be found most desirable to make the spaces between the rows wide enough to to allow the use of two horse implements in cultivation where the area of land is limited the rows may be placed closer together and one horse implements used planting distances under the hill system of culture the plants usually are set about fie feet fact apart each way this however allows the use of one horse cultivators this Is used to some extent in new york and other states in raising red raspberries rasp berries it has the advantage of requiring less handwork in keeping out grass and weeds as the cultivator can be run in both directions and the berries can be more easily harvested from fields under this system it if the hedge or linear sy system stern Is used the horse cultivator con can be run in one direction only and more hoeing is necessary under those these sy systems stenis tile the red varieties usually should be set from 2 to 3 feet apart in rows which are 6 to 8 feet di distant tant tu in the eastern united states 6 feet is the most common and desirable distance between the rows for the shorter cased caned varieties such as the ruby and marlboro and 7 and 8 feet for the tall caned va cleties like the cuthbert to use two horses in a plantation the rows must be at least 8 feet apart in the northwest where eliere the canes grow very tall the planting distance for red raspberries rasp berries Is usually 2 by 7 or 8 feet in parts of fit colorado and other states where irrigation and winter protect protection lOn fire are necessary the plants are set in ill rows which are 7 feet apart system for black variety black raspberries rasp berries are nearly always grown under the linear system and in the united states east of the rocky noun taina they should be planted in rows 8 feet distant and 3 or 4 feet apart in the row in oregon and washington they should be planted in rows 7 or 8 feet distant and from 3 to 6 feet apart in the row depending upon the vigor or of the growth in the particular locality the purple varieties arie ties also are grown under the linear system and should bo be planted 4 or 5 feet apart in rows which are 7 or 8 feet distant the columbian and other purple purie varieties of equal vigor should be at least 5 feet apart in the row but the royal may be set 4 feet apart it if tile plants are arc checked in both directions ions when set in accordance with L either jer the hedge or linear system and re a are 3 or 4 feet apart in the row it 1 a possible to run a one horae cultivator both ways for the first year this will ivill save much work and reduce the first years expense in some sections two plants of red raspberries rasp berries are set together this in bures the grower against misses and a larger crop Is secured when the plantation la Is one year old it will cost nearly 20 more per acre to buy and set the extra plants but in some sections the additional yield will make it profitable crofit able however it if care Is taken in it setting one plant in each place Is usually sufficient setting the plants before planting the alie tops of the plants of till all types should be cut back to 0 6 inches or less in height to make it easy to handle the plants and to indicate the rows after setting sot ting 4 to S 6 inches 0 of the cane should be left it a garden patch Is being planted it Is better to cut tile the canes back to within a few inches of oc the leader buds the tha plants should be set slightly deeper than they formerly grew sometimes it is well to set red raspberries rasp berries as aa much as 3 inches deeper than they grew in order to protect them from drought dlack black and purple raspberry ry plants should be set not cot more than an inch or two deeper than they formerly stood as there is danger of smothering the tips |