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Show THE RICH COUNTY REAPER. RANDOLPH, UTAH Gems of Thought After Peace Comes, What? Committee for Economic Development Seeks Ways to Maintain Employment , IN A library we are surround- ed by hundreds of dear friends imprisoned by an enchanter in paper and leathern boxes. Emerson. For Freedom's battle once begun. Bequeath'd by bleeding sire to son. Though baffled oft, is ever won. Survey of Communitys Postwar Business Small Soybean Mills Increase in Midwest Prospects Is Urged Local Plants Save Long Freight Haul By ELLIOTT PINE Released by Western Newspaper Union. Within a year, and perhaps much sooner, the war in Europe will end, according to most experts, both political and military. Immediately the problems of reconverting wartime America to peacetime production will begin. Factories that have been running day and night will slow down and perhaps close. Many thousands of men will be released from the armed forces. Labor shortages will disappear, and before long, the specter of unemployment will be back. HAPPY STEEL WORKERS, lined up before the pay windows of a huge It was to try to devise ways for the Pittsburgh plant now operating at capacity, are representative of the to orderly return peacetime production, and to try to avoid the mass unemployment that usually follows war, that the Committee for Economic Development was organized, a little more than a year ago. This -- committee is a group of the nations foremost business executives, bankers, economists, and other technical experts. Chairman is Paul G. Hoffman, president of the Studebak-e- r corporation. The vice chairman is the vice president of the University of Chicago. Presidents of several nationally known corporations serve on the committee. The committee is not connected with the federal government in any way, although its office is in Washington, D. C. Its activities are split into two major branches: Research division, and Field Development division. The research division has the task of investigating all policies of business, labor and government that retard expanding employment and production. After finding out what and where the trouble is, the research division presents recommendations for suitable changes. The field development division has the responsibility of stimulating and helping individual enterprises to plan now for high levels of productive employment and profitable distribution in the postwar period. There are 12 regional chairmen, 1 for each Federal Reserve district, who supervise the field development divisions work in their sections. Under the regional chairmen are state chairmen, who in turn appoint chairmen of county committees. Finally, the county committees supervise the survey work of the community committees. How Albert Lea, Minn., Does It. A typical survey by a community committee is one conducted in Albert Lea, a city of 12,200 in Freeborn county, Minnesota. Freeborn county is on the southern edge of the state, adjoining Iowa, so the trading radius of Albert Lea includes part of three northern Iowa counties. Nearly 50,000 people in the agricultural region about the municipality trade at Albert Leas stores.in There are 11 major industries Albert Lea, and 442 businesses classed as secondary employers. There is a stove factory, a gas machine factory, a creamery, a meat packing plant, a food products maker, and several specialty products manufacturers in the city. The electric power company is located there. Being a county seat, there is considerable legal and clerical activity. Keeping all these matters in mind, the local economic development committee began its survey of postwar business and employment possibilities. Its first step was to set up two questions, the answers to which were to be the solution of its problem. Beginning with the premise that Somehow there would be a. job paying a living wage for every worker who wanted, one after the war. , First thing, said the committee, is to find out how many workers would want jobs, and how many jobs business 'thought it could provide after the war. It took the number employed in 1940 as a base, this being the last full year before the country entered the war. Then it added the number unemployed and seeking work in that year. These figures were: Small soybean processing mills, big enough to handle the beans grown within a radius of five to ten miles, are being built in many parts of the Middle West. Many are owned by In Iowa a recent survey showed that mills are being constructed in 16 communities with several more in the planning stage. Some will be operated in conjunction with country elevators, others as independent enterprises. Eight of these sixteen will be cooperatively owned. A new solvent process, simple, safe and cheap, has been developed by Dr. O. R. Sweeney, Iowa State college chemist, which he says is millions of factory people now earning good wages. But how many will be well suited to small processing plants. The solvent method now in working when the war orders end? use is dangerously explosive, so only after the war boom. The figures was being conducted among a se- large factories that can employ the most skilled operators now use it. n settled upon were: lected of the citys popThe hydraulic press method, used 5,455 Employed in 1943 inulation to find out their buying most plants, requires heavy capi200 Unemployed In 1943 tentions, after normal conditions re- by tal outlay. turned. A similar survey was made Wartime labor force 5,655 Small Mills Can Succeed. by mail among the farmers of FreeThe next step was more difficult. born county, asking them what goods But the small local mills, extractIt was to try to estimate how many they expected to buy for their farms ing oil by the new process and empersons would want work after the as well as for their homes and fami- ploying the neighboring farmers in the fall and war, when the servicemen had re- - lies. Some of the things that people during the with the big can to were: winter, compete hoped buy , New automobiles: mills by their lower costs, and sav1,156 cars at 51,053 average cost $1,217,268 City residents ing in haulage. Another advantage during this war period when feed is scarce is that farmers can get soy472,500 bean meal easily from their local mill. As it is now, many stock 366,996 raisers find it difficult to get back 486,000 even the meal from their own beans 530.280 194,040 because of freight congestion. It is reported that soybeans from the 722.280 northern states are sent to cotton458,460 seed plants in the south, or other 263,250 distant points, from which it is dif105,298 -B- YRON The worst sorrows in life are not in its losses and misfortunes, but its fears. A. C. Benson. A man should never be ashamed to own he has been in the wrong, which is but saying, in other words, that he is wiser today than he was yesterday. Swift. farmer-cooperative-s. to make, m INTERESTING patchwork is here for your doing. Arrowheads of color and white are held together by diamond bouquets appliqued over the joinings. Its new its different its the Indian Arrowhead pieced quilt. cross-sectio- off-seas- ficult to 115,022 173,536 about. A survey among employers gave these figures: 1,012 Returning from armed forces 125 Returning from farms 250 Returning from other regions Growth and maturity of population (1943-46- 428 ) Total 1,815 This total was then added to the wartime labor force: Wartime labor force (1943) Number returning after war 5,655 1,815 Total 7,470 Subtracted from this, however, was a sizable group who would not be in the labor market after the war. These were: Returning to farms Returning to other regions Not seeking postwar jobs..... 125 50 734 Total 909 Taking this number from the 7,470 previous total left 6,561, which the committee called the net postwar labor force. In other words, between six and seven thousand people would be expecting to find steady work in Albert Lea after the war. Obviously, the next move was to find out how many jobs the citys employers could provide. When returns came in from every employer, from smallest shop to largest factory, the results were: Postwar labor force (as before).... 6,561 Number that can be employed after 5,968 war, as estimated Albert Leas unemployed In, say, 1946, on this basis 593 So, about 600 people would be out of work, or nearly 10 per cent. Local Business Prospects. The committee then turned to finding out whether business activity could not be stimulated a bit. Ev- ery business man answered a confidential questionnaire. Tabulated responses gave this salient information: The 11 big industries gave this reply, as summarized: of business done In I (gross sales) Volume of business done in Volume 1933 1940 Volume 51,443,000 194j Volume" of business you expect to do in the first postwar 49,660.000 Then the 442 secondary, businesses were told that these 11 major industries expected to employ about 60 4,269 Employed la 1949 the post121 per cent more workers inand Unemployed In 1940 1 per in 1940, than war period ..4,987 Total prewar labor foree cent more than in 1943, the peak to date. With this in mind, the .Then the committee obtained the year business men guessed employment figures for 1943, recog- secondary of sales would run volume their nizing that they were abnormally that cent higher, in the about 15 per high, with many women and following the students working who ordi- years immediately 1943. in than narily would not be in industry. war, While the survey among business Some people had moved into town made, a second one tod. who were not expected to stay men was being high-scho- ol , Z9594 blocks and a border make a quilt of size. The pattern with accurate cutting guides and complete directions may be had as Z9594, 15 cents. Send your order to: r six-inc- h 101-inc- h AUNT MARTHA 207W Westport Rd., Kansas City, Mo. Enclose 15 cents for each pattern desired. Pattern No Name Address get any meal back. Postwar prospects for soybean products are giving rise to much anxious debate. Such questions as What will happen to soybean acreAnother question put was, How now reaching nearly 12 million age, do you intend to pay for these puracres, after the war? How will trade chases? City people with incomes with Manchuria, a surplus soybean between $1,770 and $3,000 replied area, affect the price in the growing that ' they would pay in this man- U. S.? How will soyoil be able to ner: with compete cheap palm oil and 38.2 current From Income..... coconut oil from the East Indies and 41.2 Borrowings 8.9 War bonds the Philippines? Will there be too 11.7 No report many little and big mills built in Farm families with incomes rang- the U. S. to handle the reduced ing from $1,500 to $2,000 a year ex- volume? These questions are bothering both soybean growers and mill pected to pay for things thus: 64 Current income operators. 4 Borrowings Different Opinions. 32 War bonds Edward president of the In general, people with large in- National J. Dies, Processors assoSoybean comes proposed to buy with cash as is ciation, quoted Chicago, saying rather than to borrow, as people of that the big processors can operate smaller means planned to do. more economically, and the little How Much Farm' Income? fellows will be squeezed out when The Albert Lea committee real- the gets tough. But down in ized fully how dependent the city the going there are different opincountry, was on the prosperity of the sur- ions. rounding farmers. A W. E. Simonson and his family was working on farm income have a country soybean processing prospects while the other investiga- mill at Quimby, Iowa, where they tions were going on. Total income grind and make 30 to 40 tons of soyfor Freeborn county was set down bean oilmeal and 10,000 pounds of as follows: oil a day. Ever since 1937 the mill $ 7,316,000 Farm income, 1939 has made a profit. - Farmers come 20,164,000 Farm income, 1943 with their beans and take back the Farm income? first postwar 19,416,000 bean meal. The oil is pressed-ou- t year to the big terminal re-- ; shipped estabwas The postwar figure fineries. lished after analyzing the possibiliSimonson admits that too many ties of changes in crops and livemills may be built just as small stock. Aside from maintaining hemp were overbuilt a few creameries raising, and an increase' in soyago. years beans and some vegetable crops, But, he added, the small mills the committee did not anticipate any survive will be able to outlast that important changes. The members the outfits. Why? Because our big did recommend establishing a soyis in saving freight, in bean processing plant and a can- advantage lower buying and selling costs, in nery. in lower labor costs. To find out how much the city lower .taxes, As the price of oil goes down, these and county construction projects will become more imporcould be depended upon to provide savings not less. tant, of public employment, a survey works programs was made. When Meat this reported, it was Sugar shown that some $15,000 worth of work had to be deferred because of US MEAT CONSUMPTION STIU. war, representing about 14,000 manLEVEL ABOVE hours. New projects might amount to $390,000 of expenditures. The committee did not consider the possibil126.4 fbk (PER CIVILIAN) ity of state and federal projects. It was the committees conclusion that 1941 little reliance could be placed on 143.2 Ibt. public works as a means of reliev1943 ing unemployment. After weighing all (ie informa1285 lb. tion gleaned by the WHY W STIU NEED SUGAR. RATIONING the general committee of Albert Lea for its a so.und starting point had iMBL Itffk TUI . IWMtt postwar employment plans. wcjWO Albert Lea is only one city, but it Hf--1 1940 is representative of thousands of communities in the United States. 1942 Its problems are the nations problems. It is the Committee for Eco1943 ("l("jf,l nomic Developments intention to Eoch lymbot npfiwn onmillion iho1 tent , help solve these problems by accurate information. . ee i j : j Just 2 drops Penetro Nose Drops in each nostril you help almost breathe freer instantly. Relieve the head cold nasal misery. Only 25c 2 times as much for 50c. Caution: Use only as directed. Penetro Nose Drops Artificial Languages Since 1600, some 350 artificial languages have been devised and proposed as an international auxiliary tongue, but only 6, all created in the past 65 years, have achieved importance Esperanto, Ido, Interlingua, Novial, Occidental and Vo lapuk. 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Its rich in natural A & D Vitamins that 4 may be lacking in the diet And-- its timet easier to digest than plain eoi liver oil So give it daily. Buy at all druggists! ng |