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Show THE RICH COUNTY REAPER, RANDOLPH, UTAH Live Stock Needs Pure, Warm Water Social Security Our Biggest Tax Bill Freezing Drink Temperature Lowers Vitality of All Farm Animals. By Prof. R. H. Ruffner, Head of North Carolina Stalte College Animal Husbandry Dept. WNTJ Service. live- stock is to let the animals drink It cold and warm it with their bodies. Giving the animals water at freezing temperature lowers their vitality, and seriously curtails the production of dairy cattle. Can you imagine a beef animal fattening, a calf growing, or a cow producing large quantities of milk after becomfng thoroughly chilled and shivering for an hour in overcoming the effects of 10 to 20 gallons of ice cold water? It is estimated that a cow producing 25 pounds of milk a day burns up more than a pound of corn in warming the water she drinks when It Is taken into the body at freezing temperature. At the State college dairy barn, where water is supplied at a moderate temperature, there are seven cows producing more than 50 pounds of milk a day. The food burned to warm the water is needed to maintain the animals vitality, promote growth, and to produce milk. To attain her full capacity a cow should be given all the fresh water she will drink at a temperature of 70 degrees. If the water is too cold, she will not drink enough to maintain a full milk flow. The resulting loss may be far more than the slight cost of providing animals with water from which the chill has been taken. milk-produci- President Roosevelt signs the Social Security act as (left to right) Rep. Robert L. Doughton (N. C.), U. S. Sen. Robert F. Wagner (N. Y.), Secretary of Labor Frances Perkins, and U. S. Sen. Pat Harrison (Miss.), look on. The inset shows the late Sen. Huey P. Long whose famous filibuster last summer prevented the passage of the deficiency bill which would have provided for the first payments under the Social Security act The act makes two provisions for od of 14 years or more wages over By WILLIAM C. UTLEY THE end of June approxi- old age. In the first of these pro- $3,000 in one year will not be counted), of the next visions, the one now in effect, the fed- plus mately 1,000,000 American for eral benefit dollar to the insured the matches, However, government more than sixty-fivyean? old will be receiving pension dollar, the old age pension systems of will in no instance be allowed to exchecks from funds created by state the states, up to the point where per- ceed $85 a month, or $1,020 a yeah Since the death rate in the United This will be sons of seventy or more are being paid and federal the beginning of the benefit payments $15 by the state and $15 by the fed- States is declining year by year, there These payments are annually more old people in protinder one of the most spectacular eral government would be financed out of the treasurys portion to the number of In ever of attempted legislation pieces general fund and the cost would be This proportionate number, it is bethe United States, the Wagner-Lewl- s borne by all the taxpayers; It is pos- lieved, will Increase through the comsocial security act sible that a beneficiary may pay noth- ing decades, so that the heaviest payThe act, signed by President Roosetoward his own pension. Similar ments of the federal pension system ing velt August 14, 1935, providing pro- federal grants-ln-alare given for pub- will not come for, say, about forty-od- d tection against extreme poverty In old lic health the blind, children's years. Against this time it is the plan service, age, and insurance against unemploy- and material elfare, and similar of the social security act to build up ment, Is the largest tax bill ever Is no doubt a reserve fund which will crowd the There responsibilities. passed. Unless It Is amended or the about the constitutional nature of these $50,000,000,000 mark by 1980. Supreme court declares It unconstitu- grants-ln-alSo much for old age pensions; now for they have been made tional, It will collect $236,000,000 in to states in the road for for education, unemployment insurance. past taxes this year. The levy, which Is a Two model plans have been suggestand other purposes. building progressive one and grows to Its maxwill be ed for states by the social security By 1942, these grants-ln-alimum In about twelve years, may ultior at least will be far sur- board. One is called the pooled rereplaced, mately reach $2,800,000,000 a year. in Importance, by the second serve" plan and one the employer reThe fund ultimately to be accumu- passed old age provision of the law. While serve plan. Contributions under the lated will swell to nearly $50,000,000,-00- 0 the first provision Is first plan are deposited in the United In 1980, a total about half again Is an old age pension States treasurys unemployment trust the which second, as large as the present record national' system operated entirely by the fed- fund. Benefits are paid with all condebt In the states eral government, will be paid for by tributions undivided. Old age pensions began In Europe employers and employees, with no where this plan is operating, benefits as early as 1763, and unemployment financial aid from the federal govern- would be paid to each unemployed perInsurance has been In practice for ment son who was eligible, without regard more than forty years. By the social for his employers benefit and contribuin 1937. Tax Starts security act the United States Is atThe tax will begin to be felt in 1937, tion experience. For rating purposes, tempting, In a single stroke, to go when every employer of one or more records would be kept on all employers. far beyond what the nations of Eu- persons becomes liable for a 1 per cent In the states where the employer rope have been several decades in de- tax on his pay rolL After three years, reserve .plan is adopted, separate acveloping. the rate will become 14 per cent; It counts are kept for each employer, drive will Increase Right now there Is a of 1 per cent each with his contributions being credited under way to get states to submit old three years until in 1949 It will be 3 only to his own reserve account. Thus age plans which will be acceptable to per cent. The employees will be re- an employees benefits would be limitthe social security board and its di- quired to pay a tax on their earnings ed by the amount of his employers reBane. Twenty-fiv- e Frank rector, which increases on the same scale, serve account; and the employers restates have already submitted plans making the total tax 6 per cent for serve could be charged only with benewhich have met, or soon will meet with employer and employee together by fits paid to his own employees. the boards approval. They are: 1949. All corporations or individuals in the Delaware, Idaho, Iowa, Maine, MaryThe states play no part In this oper- United States who employ eight or land, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, ation, for the money goes directly to more persons for 20 weeks (with the Nebraska, New Hampshire, Vermont, the United States treasury. The pen- same exemptions as are provided in Wisconsin, Wyoming, Alabama, Colo- sions which will be paid to employees the old age pension plan) are subject rado, Connecticut, Florida, Kansas, under this arrangement will bear no to the tax which will support the beneMassachusetts, Montana, Ohio, Rhode relation to the employees needs in his fit payments for unemployment insurIsland, Utah, Washington and the Dis- - old age; he will simply be paid the ance. This tax will be paid entirely trlct of Columbia. amount due him in his contract Such by employers. It will amount to .9 Eighteen other states have enacted an arrangement will of course require per cent of payrolls for this year, 1.8 legislation which will enable them to a vast amount of accounting on the per cent for 1937 and 2.7 per cent for apply for federal aid at some future part of the federal government, for 1938. Employers in states where the date. Only Georgia, Louisiana, New pay roll records will have to be kept employer-reserv- e plan was in effect would become eligible for decreased Mexico, North Carolina, South Dakota, on every Individual. South Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia The following types of employers and rates in the payroll tax in 1939, proare without old age pension laws, but employees are exempted from the tax: vided their reserve accounts equal 7 such legislation, it is believed, will be Governmental units; railroads; non- per cent of the payroll for the year presented to the next session of the profit religious, charitable, scientific, before, and five times the total benefits state legislature in each. literary and educational organizations; paid from their accounts in any one of New Deficiency Bill. agricultural labor; domestic service; the three years preceding. Employers plan would The house appropriations' committee casual labor, and employment on ship- under the pooledforreserve lower become rates or liaboard. eligible of has recommended the appropriation No benefits will begin to be paid ble for higher rates in 1941. In the social for security $42,664,500 new deficiency bill which. It Is ex- upon this contributory Insurance until Forcing State 1942, when the fund will have had the The social security act provides the pected, will soon be passed. This will chance to assume a little body. Then federal replace the one which was defeated by all government with a club for or older who have persons sixty-fiv- e the famous filibuster of the late Huey states to adopt one of its the forcing reto will become eligible Long in the senate last summer. In- contributed recommended plans. Employers in cluded in this appropriation will be ceive payments monthly for the rest states which adopt the pooled reserve of their lives. These payments will be $24,660,000 for old age assistance to or based upon the amounts paid to the or the employer reserve, social any dethe for of aid $5,000,000 30, June sethe by approved plan credit of the beneficiaries. are permitted a rependent children, and $2,000,000 for board,., curity How Payments Are Computed. the care of the blind. fund of 90 per cent of the tax. The Monthly benefit payments will be From a political point of view. It Is encouraging agent is obvious; If a probably the old age pensions which computed on the total wages paid the state doesnt fall in line, nearly 3 per are the most Important part of the act contributing worker from the time the cent of all Its payrolls goes out of the at the present time. Certainly the plan goes into effect until the time he state and doesnt return. e years old. His spread of publicity concerning the becomes sixty-fivUnemployment Insurance acts have Townsend plan has emphasized the monthly benefit will be equal to been passed by 11 states and the Disof 1 per cent of the first $3,000 he trict of Columbia, most of them in necessity for caring for the aged whose vanor declined earned has during those years, plus earning power 1935, in anticipation of the federal leg0 of 1 per cent of the next ished. And it is the old age pensions ' islation. (which must be earned over a peri which first go Into effect. Western Newspaper Union, BY $42,-00- e wage-earner- d d, d far-flun- g one-ha- lf one-twelf- th $42,-00- s. 0. An act to permit a sweepstakes on British horse racing events was passed by the Irish Free State parliament in 1930, eight years after the Free State was established. The drawings are held three times a year in connection wit? the Grand National steeplechase in March7 the derby in June and the Cambridgeshire stakes in October. From to $18,000,000 is received for each drawing and of this amount about 62 per cent is returned in the form of prizes. The remainder goes to the Irish hospitals, the Irish government, and the organizers of the lottery. While most of the publicity is directed at the enormous prizes received by American purchasers of tickets, it should be pointed out also that the odds have been figured out at about 400,000 to 1 against winning first prize and 250,000 to 1 against receiving any prize at all Detroit News. $12,-000,0- 00 One of the most expensive ways a farmer can heat water for his Irish Sweepstakes Origin; Great Odds Against Winning OLD MOTHER HUBBARD HAS RUED HER BARE CUPBOARD WITH ONIONS AND STEAKS AND CHEESES; HER STOMACH FEELS GRAND SINCE SHE KEEPS TUMS ON HAND... SHE EATS WHAT SHE DARN WELL PLEASES! NO ALKALIES FOR ACID INDIGESTION VflLLIONS have found they do not need to ivl drench their stomachs with strong, caustic alkalies. Physicians have said this habit often One of the Loose Ends of Agriculture, Is Hay - Hay, In spite of its importance to the farmer, has been referred to as one of the loose ends of agriculture because of the slight attention given its Improvement In comparison with other Important farm crops, says E. 0. Pollock, hay specialist of the United States Department of Agriculture. Losses which come from late cutting and improper curing are very real, even though not as apparent to the farmer who feeds his hay at home as to the man who makes hay a cash crop. alfalfa, for exEarly cut, ample, has a high percentage of leaves and green color. The leaves contain more than of the protein of the entire plant Green color In hay is associated with vitamin A, Important in animal maintenance and reproduction. Vitamin A content is greatly reduced when bay is discolored' from rain, sun bleach, or improper storage. Alfalfa leaves left In the sun at the Arizona experiment station for less than three hours at noon lost 20 to 33 per cent of vitamin A, compared to leaves cured in a ventilated, darkened room. Leaves lying over night lost 75 per cent A further exposure of four hours at noon the next day Increased the loss to 84 per cent Severely bleached alfalfa exposed for a week to sun and rain lost 94 per cent. Spch a prodigal waste, says Pollock, would not be tolerated in many other crops. well-cure- d brings further acid indigestion. So much more safe and sensible to simply carry a roll of Turns in your pocket. Munch 3 or 4 after meals or whenever troubled by heartburn, gas, sour stomach. Try them when you feel the effects of last nights party, or when you smoke too much. Turns contain a wonderful antacid which neutralizes acid in the stomach, but never stomach or blood. As pleasant to eat as candy and only 10c at any drug store. FORTH! TOMMY over-alkali- TUM TUMS ARE ANTACID . . . NOT A LAXATIVE, Is Santa Real? A merry fellow was never yet respectable man. Chesterfield. a two-thir- Cleaning Up the Orchard Just how to clean up the orchard deOr- pends upon individual conditions. chards on a slope, for illustration, require different treatment than where planted on level ground not subject to erosion. Where an orchard is located on land subject to erosion have a dual problem, for it is only half a job to combat insect pests and disease If the soil fertility Is allowed to wash away and thereby starve next years fruit crop. It is for this reason that the orchard on level ground is more simply kept sanitary cultivation can be practiced and Is probably the most effective means of keeping the orchard healthy. On hillside orchards, notwithstanding cultivation help3 the trees and makes for longevity, an encroaching gully and sheet erosion is about as serious a threat as anything can be, and it therefore behooves the hillside to plow and cultivate as little as possible. Missouri Farmer. 0J COMMON ' Relieve the distressing symptoms byapplying Men! holatum in nostrils and rubbing on chest. MENiTHOUATUM CinRCOM F O RTBDa7 If you prefer nose drops, or throat spray, call for the MEW MEHTHOLATUM LIQUID In handy bottle with dropper Lack of Backbone Lack of vitality never made a ruf' fian. Hi PARKERS HAIR BALSAM Itaeoevee Dandruff --8tope Hair FalHnff Imparts Color and Beauty to Gray and Faded Hair w ist v FLORESTON SHAMPOO Ideal for use in connection with Parkers Hair Balsam. Makes the hair soft and fluffy. GO cents by mail or at Hiscox Chemical Works. Patchogue. N.Y. droff-ffiat- More Colts More than 900,000 horse and mule colts have been produced the past year, largest number in recent history. High prices for horses have stimulated production for past three seasons. Heavy demand exists for young mares, according to the bureau of agricultural economics. Any considerable Increase in colt production will result in a supply of work animals three to five years hence somewhat in excess of number now on farms. Producers of horse and mule colts for sale are advised to study closely trend of next few years, also use of mechanical power, in order to adjust production to future demand. urcaKuptnatp; Perhaps the surest way to prevent e homes tching hold" and gettin g won d onceto Cfttnie r Write FREE Roily. Do it the pleasant far SAMPLE cup way. Flush the tyi f GARFIELD TEA CO, Dept 119 Tea-- tte Brooklyn, N.V. mild, liquid laxative. GV! Atdtvgit (TAirKl HUDlIWi a. |