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Show THE RICH COUNTY REAPER, RANDOLPH, UTAH THE RICH COUNTY REAPER Utah, under the Act of Mar. 3, 1879. SUBSCRIPTION $1.50 Per Year in Advance Wm. E. Marshall, Editor and Prop. matter Feb. Entered as second-cla8. 1929, at the post office RandolDh. Roses for the Veterans Finds Cheap Way of Enriching Soil The mothers on the byways have looks of yearning sadness, And helmets by the stairways flood homes with memories; A sense of loss on gay days subdues the note of gladness, While winter with its gray days moans through the lonely trees. ss SHOWING HOW TO CUT DISEASE LOSS Simple Rules for Guarding Farm Poultry. By following five simple rules in planning a farm flock sanitation pro- gram, it is possible to reduce losses from diseases and parasites to a minimum, according to C. M. Ferguson, extension specialist in poultry for the Ohio State university. The first rule, he states, consists in confining the liens entirely to the laying house or to a cinder yard. If a yard is used, the cinders should be removed each year. A system of rotated yards around the house will permit the birds to be on fresh ground each year and permit cultivation of the yards while they are not being used for poultry. Rotate the chicks, is Fergusons sec: ond step in a poultry sanitation program. Rearing chicks in confinement has not proven to be adapted to farm conditions except for a few weeks when the chicks are small. Wire porches or cinder yards offer a means of confinement for a few weeks, but as soon as the chicks are old enough to be without heat they should havsi access to good green range. Fall house cleaning, another step in the program, also helps in cutting losses from disease and parasites. The removal of all contaminated material, and a thorough disinfection of the house Is the only guarantee that the pullets are going to be free of attacks from such disease-producin- g organisms as may have been carried over from the flock during the previous year. Careful cleaning throughout the year and proper disposal of droppings and litter are also essential parts of an effective plan for guarding the birds against the ravages of disease. . Matter of Insulation for the Poultry House While dead or trapped air is one of the best Insulating materials we have, an air space between two walls does not Insulate very well because the circulation of the air carries the heat or cold from one wall to the other, says the Wisconsin Agriculture ist; But if dry sawdust, mill shavings, or chopped hay or straw is packed in lightly to fill this space and prevent air circulation such a wall makes a very warm and comfortable poultry house. In using such filling, however, it is wise to make the inner and outer walls as tight as possible so as to minimize the danger of the filling getting damp and partially losing Insulating value. Also the upper and lower boards should be put on with screws for quick removal, so that the sawdust can be easily taken out and sunned or renovated In case it becomes damp or infested with mites. - Diarrhea This ailment is common to chicks that have been chilled, overheated, crowded or fed spoiled, sour or moldy feed. The external indications are a white or liquid discharge which adheres la a sticky or pasty mass to the vent and abdomen of the chick. This diarrhea Is not a contagious or Infectious disease and is checked by removing the cause and giving the chicks a dose of epsom salts. Two large teaspoonfula of epsom salts put in one quart of drinking water will physic the chicks and aid in cleaning the intestines so the good feed supplemented with clean milk can put the chicks In good condition. Oklahoma Farmer-Stockma- n. Cleanliness Comes First v In general, the best insurance against diseases of chickens we know of is absolute cleanliness, not only in the brooder house, but in all equipment and every place with which the growing chicken comes in contact. Clean the brooder house every four or five days so that infection will not be spread through droppings. Sterilize drinking fountains frequently. Rotate ranges every three years at least and see that some cultivated crop is sown, is the advice of the American Agriculturist. Poultry Facts Minnesotas poultry business placed at more than $60,000,000 nually by the state university. It is is an- good business to hatch chicks early. Pullets must be hatched early fall and If they are to lay winter eggs. high-price- d Stimulation of Nodule Formation Advised by Ohio Expert. Legumes lacking nodules rob the soils of valuable nitrogen in much the same way as do com or oats, according to H. W. Batchelor, assistant professor of soils at the Ohio State university, who finds that nodule formation may be stimulated by inoculating the seed of such legumes as clover, alfalfa, soy beans, etc. Inoculation pf such seed, he says, tends to enrich the soil and may be accomplished at very little expense by using properly chosen field soil. Soil from fields producing soy beans having lots of nodules on their roots should be used in inoculating soy beans. Alfalfa may be inoculated with soil from fields producing good yields of either alfalfa or sweet clover, however, neither of these crops can be inoculated by soil from a field producing red clover. After the desirable soil has been obtained, Batchelor suggests that the soil be sieved free from sticks and coarse sand or gravel, placed in the fertilized box of the grain drill, and sown at the rate of 100 to 150 pounds per acre in the row with the seed. This method has given very good results with soy beans. Some farmers, he points out, do not have a satisfactory source of soil to use for Inoculation; or prefer to use commercial preparations. Such preparations vary considerably in their And fathers on the May days pin on their scarlet poppies. And gratitude on pay days reminds of others loss; Read Christ in Flanders Sundays and pass around their copies, Recall their boys in old days before they faced the cross. Plant roses by the highways for boys that manned the trenches, Place stars along the skyways for aces of the clouds, And maples on the boulevards which grief with tears bedrenches; Let cedars in lone graveyards guard those our love enshrouds. A wreath float on the sea wide which oer their graves is mourning; Tut lilies by the bedside of boyB with limp and scar;' And help them at the crossways where crowds rush by in scorning. And open all the doorways from which marred limbs debar. strew always along the veterans marches, And keep the tombs and memories of loyal heroes green; So may the golden gateway, with glorious rainbow arches, Bespan the veterans roadway that leads to the Unseen. Forget-me-no- ts Nations Gold-Sta- r Mothers American gold-sta- r mothers in France for visits to the graves of sons who died in the World war gave an impressive background last year for the most extensive observance of Memorial day yet held abroad. Troops fired volleys in salute of the lead at the American cemeteries throughKansas Farmer Has Way France. Taps were sounded, and to Fallow Sandy Soil out dignitaries spoke. But the feature of the Two fields of wheat stood side by day were the, trips before and after the side. One was taller than the other, ceremonies by the war mothers to the and looked good for twice as much graves of those they lost more than 11 grain. E. E. Teagarden, extension years before. agent in Stafford county Kansas, wonAt Suresnes cemetery, outside of Paris, dered what made the difference, so Ambassador Edge made the principal he drove back and asked Ralph Suitor, address, referring to them as those. who had given those who were dearest to them that others might live in the full the owner. ' Well, explained Mr. Suitor, my enjoyment of their liberty. You mothers instilled into these young men the principles for which they soil is so sandy that it would blow away if I fallowed it. I know that laid down their lives, he said. You taught them the fundamentals of loyalty, summer fallow will increase wheat courage, truth and vision. You with the fortitude which mothers throughout yields, so I put that field in partial the ages have mustered, held your heads high as you bade them good-bfallow. Com was planted in very Let us look upon the myriads of crosses, he concluded, and realize with third row. The rows were far enough poignant emotion the magnitude of our responsibility. We seem to see the apart to till with wheat machinery, heroes of Chateau Thierry, Belleau Wood, Thiaucourt, St Mihiel and the and the com kept sand and dust in Argonne pointing forward, forward; we seem to hear the great chorus of their check. I will get twice as much wheat voices calling to us to carry on until mankind breaks through the shadows and eternal peace dwells on earth. from the field that was in partial fallow, and I had a corn crop extra. Mr. Teagarden asked permission to with determine yields in Kansas State college. The fallowed field made 39.8 bushels an acre and the one that had been continuously In wheat 17 bushels. Cappers Farmer. y. Honor Both Blue and Gray Feeding Pigs Cream Cow testers in 12 . Kansas associations tested 99 separators in Decem- ber and found five that were leaving over .05 per cent of fat in the skim-milIn one association where ten were tested, two were In the .05 per herd that cent class. In a means 50 pounds or more of fat a year left in the skimmilk. Thats too much cream to waste on the pigs. Separators should be tested especially those that have stood Idle for a while. If you dont know how to do it, or dont have equipment, get your county agent or separator dealer to do it for you. Then adjust the separator and replace worn parts.- Better get a new separator than operate the old one at a loss. Farm Journal. k. ten-co- w Soil Tests Important It is important that farmers have samples of soil tested frequently to determine the lime need for legumes. A recent' study indicated that there is a great difference between different types of soil and their ability to hold the lime after it has been once applied to sweeten the soil. On one soil type, a moderate application of limestone may suffice for many years, while, on another type, frequent applications may be necessary, even though the original requirement was the same in both cases. It seems, therefore, that It is a very practical plan for farmers to use the farm bureau regularly and have samples of soil tested for lime needs. Rural New-Yorke- r. Nations Beef Cattle Total number of beef cattle' In the United States, January 1, 1931, was 35,9SO,000. The figures are taken from the 1931 Yearbook of Agriculture. As the population of the United States is 122,698,190, this gives one beef cattle to every three and persons. The 11 far western states have 7,924,000 beef cattle, or 23 per cent of the total for the United States. These 11 states have one beef f cattle for every one and persons, as against an average for the s United States of one for three and persons,' or over twice the average. Idaho Farmer, two-fift- : one-hal- two-fifth- As Memorial day approaches and we prepare to observe the beautiful custom long since established of remembering the heroic dead it is interesting to read the account given by a leading newspaper of the inauguration of that custom. In an editorial written in 1877 we read: Preparations for observing Decoration day were carried in this year upon a far more extensive scale than ever before. For three or four years attempts have bebeen made to effect a tween the survivors of the Federal and the Confederate armies and to insure an equal honor to the remains of the deceased Northern and Southern soldiers and sailors. This year for the first time in history the veterans, of both armies will march together through the streets to strew with flowers the graves of those who perished in the great war. Such an event marks a new epoch. It is the apotheosis of the revived feeling of brotherhood. There has been a great deal of oratory on this subject and some charming verses have been written, but now the banner of fraternity is flung to the breeze without hesitation and with faith in public approval The Blue and the Gray clasp hands above the tomb of their fallen braves, and in the great future of this reunited country there is to be no resurrection of sectional feuds and dead and buried bitterness. The past is forgotten, and the countrys future is everything. This is the lesson and the era of reconciliation. Their Deaths Not in Vain An eagles nest, befouled with the remnants of dead things, the relics of grim slaughterings for the preservation of life and comfort is an unsightly and unsavory object, still from its squalor emerges in due time the golden eagle, most glorious, and grandest on the wing of all the birds. So from all the tragedies and sorrows of homes, fortunes and battlefields recalled to mind on Memorial day is, we trust, to come the promise of a peace which is to soar far above all possible prospects of wars. It adds to the thankfulness to bear in mind that those splendid ones whose steadfast valor and sturdy vigor won for us the victory we commemorate, won also for us and the future a promise of a peace which we trust will never be ruptured by war. They whose loss we recall by no means died in vain, since they won the victory for peace and the right. Could we but hear them from their places of rest, they would doubtless be declaring in unanimous chorus, that their discomforts, sufferings and deaths all made up but a trifling price to pay for a peace, which will assure to man kind an ending of all frars. LET PASTURE GET START IN SPRING Mistake to Turn Cows on Grass Too Soon. Dairymen generally anxiously await the pasture season the "cheap production season when they can turn their cows on to grass. But they shouldnt be too anxious, suggests C. A. Smith, extension dairyman for the Colorado Agricultural college, - in his monthly report. out before Many cow&. the grass has had a chance to get established, and before there is much Pasfeeding value to it, he says. turing too early is costly; It reduces the carrying capacity of the pasture for the entire season. Dairymen who have good permanent pastures can well afford to hold the cows off until the grasses get well started, he adds. For those who do not have permanent pastures, the extension dairy- -' man points out that there are many crops that can be planted to supply juicy feed at low cost this spring and summer. These Include winter wheat or rye for early spring pasture, and Sudan grass, to be planted after danger of frost is past, for summer and fall pasture. are-turn- ed Dairy Costs Kept High by Wasteful Practices Since costs remain high when prices fall and are adjusted slowly, the best hope for lower costs is to increase efficiency and to cut out wasteful practices in distribution. We may quote the items of expense that make up the milk dealers margin, as prepared by Prof. Leland Spencer of the New York College of Agriculture, for 100 pounds of milk : Country plant operation, 40 cents; freight, 53 cents; trucking from terminal 9 cents; pasteurizing plant operations, 74 cents ; delivery and collections, 2.11; net profit, 14 cents; and total cost, $4.01. Figured on a per cent basis, these costs are: Ten per cent for country plant ; thirteen per cent for for freight; two and f for trucking; eighteen and and pasteurizing; fifty-twfor delivery and collections, and three f and per cent for net profit. two-tent- one-hal- six-tent- o one-hal- Producing Ability One of the most important factors in considering the problem of increasing dairy farm profits is the produc- Ing ability of the cow. There Is but slight difference in this respect between the cows of the various dairy breeds but, there is a great difference between the poorest and best cows within each breed. The average South Dakota dairy cow produces less than 150 pounds of butterfat in a year at a profit of about $30. Each Increase of 50 pounds in annual fat production brings with it an Increase of $15 in cow will return profit. A cow will $75 profit and a make a profit of $105. The United States Department of Agriculture is the authority for the statement that one cow producing 500 pounds of fat will produce as much profit in a year as a herd of 14 cows each producing 100 pounds of fat Dakota Farmer. 300-poun- d 400-poun- d Another Culling Advocate The bureau of dairy industry estid mates' that during normal times of the dairy cows are being milked at a loss to their owners, and that only a third are really profitable. cows that It is these are not only producing at a loss but are contributing to the surplus of dairy products that are now glutting our markets and keeping the price of butterfat down. If this unprofitable group of star boarders were eliminated from the herds of the country, their owners would not only make more profits from those that were left, but in addition the prices of dairy products in general would be raised and dairying would be a more profitable enterprise for all Exchange. . one-thir- DAIRY NOTES Vitamin D, abundant In green , pas- ture grass, is a great aid in mineral as- similation. There never was a time when high producing cows were more needed than they are right' now. Some dairymen feed a 20 grain ration the year round, but such a practice provides the cows with more protein than Is necessary during most of the pasture season. -- |