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Show THE RICH COUNTY REAPER. RANDOLPH, UTAH In the Desolate Land and Lone Scene In the Port of Hamburg. by the National Geopraphlo Society, Washington. D. C.) (Prepared of the prosperous Hanseatic league by the proposal that has recently been made for joining the Hanseatic cities of Hamburg and Luebeck. The cities, which were both leaders In the old league, He only about 40 miles apart In northeastern Germany, one on the Elbe river near its mouth into the North sea, and the other on the River Trave, only ten miles from the Baltic sea. The object of the association of the two ports would be to eliminate competition and to overcome the effects of the depression that both have felt. Hamburg Is both a free port and a free city ; and he who sees Hamburg quickly learns that both appellations have practical consequences. The visitor starts forth, wisely enough, to see Hamburgs best advertised spectacle, Its harbor. He finds it has not been overrated. It is one of the most amazing Industrial spectacles in the world ; that vast sweep of cluttered water, pierced by hundreds of land fingers water separating the rectangular sheets which are basins, skyiined by monster skeletons of mighty ships in the building. A ferry is the proper sightseeing vehicle. For the port Is a area, strewn with every type of modern vessel, from huge ocean liners down through lazy barges, alert yachts, energetic motorboats, chugging tugs, ant busy ferries. You have your pass, of course," inquires the master of the circular "circular applying to the trip, ferry not the craft A pass, what for? A part of this harbor is a free port, sir, patiently explains the boatman. about "And you will wish to come back." By night the hotel visitor can view What the Free Port Means. from his window the moonlit waters, You get your pass, your boatman rimmed by thousands of electric bulbs, threads his way for miles and miles and see tiny firefly points of light bobthrough a floating traffic jam, but an bing all over the surface. At one cororderly one that makes crossing Fifth ner are huddled hundreds of canoes, avenue seem childs play to the landtheir occupants reclining on cushions, lubber mind. You visii the free port, listening to the concert of the Alster then your ferry heads back toward pavilion. This sprightly cafe, or cofyour embarkation place. On the way fee house along the lake front, gathyou pull up at what seems to be a cus- ers its daytime patronage from the toms house, displaying a sign which great department stores of the oppomarks the free port limits. You show site side of the street Luebecks Commerce and Romance. your pass ; the boat is searched. You understand the need for the Luebeck, companion port of the pass, and you realize, too, that you north, became, during the World war, have just seen one key to the prosthe foremost port of the German emcontinental foremost of the trade. It perity port pire in foreign, water-born-e The huge free port, with Its mammoth is the smallest of the free cities of warehouses, cluttered with silks from Germany, but richer in reminiscences China, beef from Argentina, coffee of former greatness than either of from Brazil, harvesters from the Unitthe other two. Hamburg, Bremen and ed States, all bearing addresses for Luebeck joined the modern German Baltic empire as free and independent Hantransshipment to strange-nameports, none to pay a cent of duty into seatic cities. Hamburg and Bremen have developed into great Germanys treasury. d of Hamburgs harbor, you hives of present-dabusiness; later learn, is given over to this free have multiplied their wealth at a treport; in its zone are employed some mendous rate; and have, more and 20,000 of the citys 110,000 industrial more, grown to the international type workers. of purely business cities. Luebeck, on the other hand, while it has mainHamburg entered the German customs union in 1888, thus enabling it to tained an importance as a busy place sell its own goods to Germany, tariff of commerce, is medieval, romantic, free, but Its canny senate maintained a .breath from the past its free port priviliges, which arLying ten miles from the Baltic sea, on the River Trave, the channel of rangement makes It the great transocean department store of the Baltic. which has been so improved that boats A senate in a city? Yes, a senate of draft are able to tie up at which clings to its stiff Spanish dress the citys docks, Luebeck has been a as loyally as it guards the ancient nerve center of North German trade with Denmark, the Scandinavian lands, rights and privileges of the free city the Free and Hanseatic City of Ham- and with Russia. The city has been made into an island by its harbor imburg. There are only three German surprovements, the Trave flowing around vivors of that mighty Hanseatic merits western border and a wide canal around it on the east chandising chain of the Middle ages This city enjoys a location as faBremen, Luebeck and Hamburg. Of these three the mightiest is Hamburg. vorable as that of Bremen or HamOnce the senators of Hamburg were burg for the distribution of its wares elected for life. Their rule of Hamover Germany. It Is reached by rail burg was as autocratic, to our modern in two and one half hours from Breway of thinking, as that of the doges men, and is about as conveniently near of Venice. That has changed now. to Berlin. The port is connected with There is a house of burgesses, giving Copenhagen, Stockholm and Danzig by a legislative balance much like that regular steamer services. Its chief under the United States capitol dome. articles of commerce are wines, espe' Where Hamburgs 8enate Sits. cially clarets, timber, tar, and northThe senate sits in the town hall. ern consignments of German Perhaps you have heard of the famous Memories one-tim- e fii' xxA'i tu jcato month occurred a tragedy which shocked the whole country as had, perhaps, no other one ena tha aecafisinnflftfl agv miw ter, a dashing cavalry leader during the Civil war, attacked a big village of Sioux, Cheyenne and Arapahoe Indians, strung along the banks of the Little Big Horn river in Montana. When the battle was over Custer lay dead and around him lay the bodies of 212 men and officers, the entire personnel of five companies of his regiment, the Sixth cavalry. Several miles away six other companies were besieged by the Indians on the bluffs overlooking the river and it is possible that only the timely arrival of the forces of Generals Terry and Gibbon two days later saved them from the fate which had overtaken their commander and their fellow troopers. But it was not until July 4, 1876, when Americans everywhere were engaged in a Joyous celebration of the hundredth anniversary of the founding of the nation, that word of this disaster came like the proverbial bolt from the blue to stun the public with Its ill tidings and to cast a pall of sorrow over the centennial festivities. Logically, the news of the tragedy should not have surprised the American public, for by that time it should have become accustomed to the blundering policy of our government in Its relations with the Indians a policy of allowing itself to ecome involved in unnecessary wars with the red man, of underestimating both the desperation of his resolution not to submit tamely to white domination and the strength which he could assemble to resist that domination, and of sending a totally Inadequate force of soldiers to subdne the hostlles after they had gone on the warpath. Early in the history of the Republic we had learned a bitter lesson of the folly of sending an insufficient force, insufficient in both numbers and experience, against confederated tribes of hostiles, when the expedition against the Indians of the Old Northwest ended in St Clairs defeat, the worst disaster suffered by a white mans army since the days of the unfortunate Braddock. But that lesson was forgotten until the series of failures experienced during the wars with the Semlnoles In Florida served to recall it And again our government was short of memory, so when Gen. Henry B. Carrington was sent to garrison and hold a chain of forts along the trail to Montana in the heart of' the Sioux country, it turned a deaf , ear to his pleas for more men The result was that Lieut Col. W, J. Fetterman marched out from Fort Phil Kearney one cold day in December, 1866, with 81 men and none of them came back all we. The Fetterman Massacre or Fort Phil Kearney - Massacre, though the student of frontier history, if he recognizes the word massacre at all as the correct one for this affair, is less inclined to blame the warriors of the great Sioux chief, Red Cloud, than the government officials who ignored Carringtons requests horrified the country for a short time, but within ten years It had forgotten this, Just as it had other Indian disasters, so the time was ripe for still another tragic chapter. And the hero of it was George Armstrong Custer, the Boy General of Civil war days. If Custer needed the aid of others , besides the gods of battle to help make him a hero, he found them in the persons of the government offi cials who had forgotten Fetterman and his 81 men. For in the last analysis, responsibility for what took place on the Little Big Horn goes back to them. Custer himself, during a conversation with Genera, Carrington early in 1876, in regard to the proposed campaign against the hostile Sioux and Cheyennes, remarked that It will take another Phil Kearney massacre to bring congress up to generous support of the army." Although, from his experience on the plains, he knew full well of the task that lay ahead of the army, he little realized how true his prophecy was nor that he was to make the same sacrifice that Fetterman had made. The general plan of the campaign was to have three army columns converge from different directions upon the section In Wyoming and Montana where the hostiles had taken refuge after their refusal to stay on the res-ervations set aside by the government neral Gibbon for them. One unde was to come eastward from western under General Montana ; another Crook was to advance northward from southern Nebraska; and the third under General Terry was to proceed westward from Fort Abraham Lincoln in what is now North Dakota. The principal trouble with this plan was that It didnt work. It didnt work because the combined three forces were not large enough for the task ahead of them, even though the govenment had thought it might be large enough, especially since the Indians, instead of waiting for the three armies to concentrate upon them, made use of some Napoleonic strategy, unconsciously, perhaps, and by operating on Interior lines attacked two of the columns in 3everalty and defeated them in detail. Then, too, it didnt work because in reality one de, partment of the govern-- lent was allied with the Indians, Instead of with the army. For it was the inefficiency to be extremely charitable of the Indian department which permitted the Indians to go into the field much better armed than the soldiers of Crook and Gibbon and Terry, and which allowed those tbree to start upon their expeditions grossly underestimating the strength of the hostiles. From the beginning the results of the campaign were unsatisfactory. Gen. J. J. Reynolds of Crooks command attacked the village . of the Sioux chief. Crazy Horse, on March 17 and fought a sharp engagement In which all the honors rested with the latter. Three months later on June 17, Crazy Horse fought Crooks force to a standstill at the battle of 1 1 the Rosebud and halted his forward progress indefinitely. A short time before this Terry and Gibbon successfully Joined forces on the Powder river and on June 17 Major Reno of which Custers Seventh cavalry, formed the principal part of Terrys command, went on a scout which took them within 40 miles of where Crook was having his fierce battle with Crazy Horse. Terry and Gibbon were surprised at not finding any Indians. They did not realize that the hostiles were busy elsewhere fighting the battle which paveu the way for their victory on the Little Big Horn. Then on June 22 Custer was sent to scout a trail that Reno had discovered and this led him to the banks of the Little Big Horn and his Waterloo. The story of that battle in its main outlines is a familiar one how Custer, marching rapidly, reached the Little Big Horn sooner than was expected, how he discovered the great Indian village and, not realizing the numerical str.ngCi of its warriors nor the fact that they were flushed with a feeling of victory over having stopped Cr k, how he decided to attack at once without waiting for Terry and Gibbon, who were to be on hand for a battle, if Custer found the Indians, by June 26; and finally how adopting the tactics which . h: brought him victory in other fights with the Indians, he made the fatal division of his command into three parts, one led by Major Reno, one by Major Benteen and the third by himself. Under the circumstances, the result was almost a foregone conclusion. Reno made his attack, was met with a fierce resistance and, outnumbered, was driven back to the bluffs across the river, suffering heavy losses as he retreated. Benteen, following the route designated for him, got into impossible country and gradually worked back toward the route taken by Reno so that he arrived In time to help that officer hold his own against the whooping savages who were swarming about him. Meanwhile Custer and his five companies, not knowing that his plan of battle had already been broken up, rode on to his death. For the Indians, having put Reno out of the fight, concentrated on Custer and within a short time had done him and his men to death. That story has been told and retold countless times. Over it has raged many aJ)itter controversy and around it has sprung up a great man of tradition, myth, misinformation and just plain bunk. -- I Ratsweinkeller, beneath the central with its jolly stone Bacchus frankly enthroned at the entrance to a vestibule adorned with stained glass window portaitures of the John Paul Joneses of maritime Hamburg. Yoa climb aloft. The peculiar walls catch your eye. They seem to be of solid wood, most delicately carved and beautifully decorated. Closer examination shows some to be felt, pressed to the hardness and likeness of wood, with the intricate patterns Imposed by a matrix. And after a banquet hall that conjures up memories of the belted burgesses, the staunch merchants and the gentlemen adventurers of medieval times, you come upon the senate chamber. One feature strikes a home note in the American bosom. This senate, too, has secret sessions. But when it does. It retires from the chamber with the visitors gallery and the press gallery into a smaller chamber that has just one entrance. That entrance is guarded by two massive doors of inAMI credible thickness. Busy but Beautiful. Industrial to Its,, finger tips, miiitant-l- y so, Hamburg Is a beautiful city. It leaves a confused Impression of Minneapolis and Venice. For the Alster river, en route to the Elbe, splays wide in the midst of Hamburgs busiest quarter, giving it the unique spectacle of great office buildings, fine hotels, fashionable shops, all along the lake front Clerks in the great gray stone building which is the office of the Hamburg-Americ- a line, glancing up from their ledgers, can look out over a glistening sheet of water, flecked with tiny yachts, motorboats, scurrying ferries, racing shells, and canoes; with swans and sea gulls hovering building, d stone-and-mort- ar One-thir- y 16-fo- ot |
