OCR Text |
Show f 'WHAT 1913 BROUGHT TO THE WORLD 'i i " Summary of the More Important Happsnings cf th3 , Twelve-Month Here and Abroad. Washington. Really tho year 1913 las been a happy and rather fortunate for-tunate one for the world In general. It was not marked by any great catastrophe, catas-trophe, such as the San Francisco earthquake or the Titanic disaster; it M-ile'end of the wars in the Bal- f-"' tans, it witnessed the inauguration of a Democratic president In the United States, followed by genuine tariff reduction re-duction without financial panic. The death roll for the past year has hit the financial world rather hard, in-eluding in-eluding such notable figures as J. P. Morgan, Henry M. Flagler and James R. Keene. The Roman Catholic thurch also lost two of its most venerable ven-erable cardinals, Oreglia, dean of the lacred college, and Rampolla, -once secretary at the Vatican and who would have been pope instead of Pius X had not the emperor of Austria voted vot-ed against him. In the United States political de velopments have been extremely interesting, in-teresting, but not startling. Every-SMng Every-SMng seems to have gone the way of the Democrats. Democratic victories were won last November in New York elty, the state of New Jersey and 3tate of Massachusetts. Congress has passed the currency bill, and the banking bank-ing interests of the country are adr-Justing adr-Justing themselves to it . . Doings in Mexico. South of tie Rio Grande develop ments have been startling and rapid.' The year 1913 saw in Mexico the assassination as-sassination of President Francisco Ma-dero, Ma-dero, Vice-Pfesident Pino Suarez and Sustavo Mailero, brother of the president, presi-dent, the usurpation of the presidency fey Gen. Victoriano Huerta, boosted Into that position by General Felix SM."z. Then came the rupture between Diaz and Huerta, with the practical banishment of Diaz. Later in 1913 came the rise of Venustiano Carranza, leader of the constitutionalists in the north of Mexico, with the result that the powerful northern states of Mexico Mex-ico are now under his control. Scarcely Scarce-ly had Carranza become famous than Francisco "Pancho" Villa, former bandit, ban-dit, with a price on his head, leaped knto the limelight as a rebel leader serving Carranza, and it is now questioned ques-tioned whether Carranza or Villa is the stronger in the leadership of the tonstitutionalist forces. In its relations with Mexico the United States has stood firm. Early . , 'lis administration President Wilson .r need his determination to with-I with-I i Tecognition from the Huerta ad-ilstration, ad-ilstration, and although much pressure has been brought to bear, the president has refused to change bis attitude. Efforts have been made to induce Huerta to retire and allow a fair and honest election, without result. re-sult. Today the United States has a ieavy armed force at the border and an Impressive array of battleships off the coast. Assassinations of the Year. Barring Mexico's barbarous achieve ments, there have been few assassina- r- lions in countries generally recognized , as being civilized. George I, king of Greece, was assassinated by a mad anarchist in Salonika, March 18. In Turkey the commander-in-chief of the Ottoman forces in the Balkan wars, Enver Bey, was slain on February 17. This was followed soon after by the assassination of Nazlm Pasha, Turkish premier. Turkey and Mexico appear lo have been contending with each other for honors in the line of assassination, assas-sination, with Mexico slightly in the Je.id. European affairs have gone along rather as usual, barring a few extra startling outbursts by suffragists In England, such as the sensational sulfide sul-fide of the young suffragette who threw herself before the king's horse hi the derby and was killed. Politically Politi-cally England has been in a furor, which, however, is nothing out of the erdinary. The year has seen the very remarkable "rebellion" of Ulster, under un-der the direction of Sir Edward Carson, Car-son, and the.orgnnizatlon of an "army" of UlstermeBi to resist enforcement of the home rul bill should it pass parliament. par-liament. . England has also had Its share of Jabor troubles. There have been large strikes) at home and in Ireland, notably not-ably the Dublin riots, led by Jim Lar-tin. Lar-tin. All of the European powers have (tone on as heretofore in the construction construc-tion of battleships, and the "armed eamp" policies of Germany, England, France and Russia are stronger than (ver, possibly made so by the Balkan wars. , In the Far East In tho far east several things of moment mo-ment recurred in 1913, among them the Chinese rebellion and establishment establish-ment cf a republic, and in Japan the death of the Mikado and the succession succes-sion of his son and the anti-American i demonstrations and riots as a result of the adoption of the anti-alien land- J owning law in California. In tho realm of science and explora- tion S-here have been but f;w developments develop-ments that could positively be designated desig-nated as history-creating. The discovery of the south pole and the disaster to the Scott expedition both occurred in 1912, although the fate of Captain Scott was not made known to the world until 1913. Dr. Fredrich Franz Friedmann, discoverer discover-er of a "cure" for tuberculosis, made his appearance in 1913, but the value of Dr. Friedmann's "cure," and other "cures" for that dread disease announced an-nounced at about the same time, are very much open to doubt. Great strides have undoubtedly been made in the treatment of cancer, but no positive cure has yet been discovered, although much has been learned about the value of radium. Aviation Is prdgressing rapidly. Much attention to aeronautics has been paid by the various European governments from a military standpoint, stand-point, but no means of making aero-planing aero-planing anywhere near safe have yet been discovered. France has organized and trained a military aviation corps that would unquestionably be of great value in case of war, and Germany has devoted much time and money to-dirigible to-dirigible ballooning. The United States has spent some $50,000 during the year in military experiments in aviation. The number of deaths resulting from aviation has not been especially large. Aviators have died, just as aviators died in 1912, and Germany suffered a number of disastrous accidents to Zeppelin Zep-pelin dirigible balloons. Many of the accidents of aeroplanes resulted from fancy exhibition flying and military experiments. The year 1913 saw the first aeroplane flight over the Panama canal. On the Panama Canal. In Panama great developments have taken place. October 10 last saw the dynamiting of Gamboa dike, being the removal of practically the last serious obstruction in the big ditch. The canal ca-nal is now almost completed, so far as a trans-continental waterway is concerned, con-cerned, although not yet prepared for the passage of steamers from ocean to ocean. Work has also been begun on the buildings and grounds for the great Panama-Pacific International exposition, exposi-tion, to be held in San Francisco in 1915, as a celebration of the formal opening of the Panama canal. New York state furnished the most sensational bit of local politics of the year in the impeachment and removal of Gov. William Sulzer, followed by Sulzer's nomination by Progressives and election to the state assembly. In the world of sports the United States still stands supreme. In addition addi-tion to humbling the British polo cup challengers, the United States further shocked Johnny Bull when Francis Ouimet, the youthful golf wonder, walked away from the English experts in the national open golf championship at Brookline, Mass., and by the winning win-ning of the international Davis tennis cup. America's supremacy in sports was further recognized during the year when King Gustave of Sweden presented pre-sented the American athletes with the medals and trophies won at the Olympic Olym-pic games in Stockholm in 1912. The sporting world suffered a shock, however, how-ever, when it was learned that "Jim" Thorpe, the famous' Carlisle Indian athlete really belonged In the classification classi-fication of "professional." He voluntarily volun-tarily renounced the trophies he had won as an amateur in the Olympic games. Here are the leading events of the year: Disasters, Fires, Floods. Floods In Ohio, many killed, much suffering and great damage done. Floods in the Mississippi valley as a result of Ohio floods. Tornado destroys part of Omaha, Neb. Zeppelin L-2 exploded October 7. Twenty killed. Gas explosion near Pittsburgh kills 120 miners. Long Beach, Cat, pier gives way, killing 35 persons. Disastrous floods in Texas, early part of October. Firedamp in Welsh mine entombs 931. Five hundred rescued alive. Two hundred and eighty miners entombed en-tombed following mine explosion at Dawson, N. M. Twenty-three rescued alive. Steamship Nevada strikes a mine in Gulf of Smyrna. One hundred and twenty drowned. Steamer Volturno burned at sea October Oc-tober 10. One hundred and thirty-six drown, G25 rescued. Fifty girls die in factory fire at Bing-hamton, Bing-hamton, X. Y., July 22. Storm at Nome, Alaska, kills 11, destroys 500 houses. $1,500,000 loss. The Death Roll. Enver Bey, chief of staff Turkish army, assassinated February 17. Henry X. Flagler, one of founders of Standard Oil company, and financial magnate, dies. George I., king of Greece, assassinated assassinat-ed by mad anarchist at Salonika, March IS. James R. Keene, financier, dies January Jan-uary 2. Deaths of Cardinals Oreglia, dean of the Sacred college, and Rampollo, within a few days of each other at the Vatican. Luther McCarthy, pugilist, died at Alberta May 24. Death of emperor of Japan. Nazim Pacha, Turkish premier, assassinated. as-sassinated. King Menelik of Abbyssinia reported report-ed dead. His death confirmed on December De-cember 23. Whitelaw Rleld, American ambassador ambassa-dor to Great Britain, buried at Sleepy Hollow cemetery, N. Y. Adolphus Busch, millionaire brewer of St. Louis, died October 10. Charles G. Gates, son of the late John W. Gates, died October 28. Ralph Rose, famous athlete and champion shot putter, died October 16. Timothy Woodruff, New York politician, poli-tician, died October 12. Anthony N. Brady, died in London, July 22. Col. S. F. Cody, American aviator, killed in England by fall from aero August 7. Mayor Gaynor of New York died on way to England. Timothy D. Sullivan, New York politician, poli-tician, found dead on railroad track after escaping from an asylum. Alfred Austin, poet laureate of England, Eng-land, died June 2. Crimes and Executions. Airs. Fannie May Eaton, wife of Rear Admiral Eaton, acquitted October Octo-ber 31 of murdering her husband. Rev. Hans Schmidt, discredited Catholic priest, arrested in New York for the murder of Anna Aumuller, his sweetheart Floyd and Claude S. Allen executed at Richmond, Va., March 28 for, participation par-ticipation inythe famous Allen court house shooting affray. Henry Spencer, confessed murderer of many persons, is convicted of killing kill-ing Mildred Allison-Rexroat, a dancing teacher, in Chicago. Appeal pending. Mrs. Bessie Wakefield is convicted of murdering her husband and sentenced sen-tenced to hang in Connecticut on March 4. Leo Frank, wealthy manufacturer, convicted in Atlanta, Ga., of murdering murder-ing girl in his office. Appeal pending. Dr. Frank Craig acquitted in Indianapolis Indian-apolis of murder of Dr. Helen Knabe. Political Development at Home. Inauguration of President Woodrow Wilson on March 4. United States Judge Robert W. Archbald removed from office by United States senate after impeachment impeach-ment trial. John Purroy MItchel elected mayor of New. York on the fusion ticket, destroying Tammany's power. David I. Walsh, Democrat, elected governor of Massachusetts, a victory for the Wilson administration. Acting-Governor Fielder elected governor of New Jersey. Fielder is a Democrat and was the Wilson administration ad-ministration candidate. Minnesota legislature adopted equal suffrage measure February 11. Passage of Wilson tariff bill. Passage of the currency bill. Inauguration of Vice-President Marshall, Mar-shall, his address to the senate and administration of oaths to the new senators, March 4. California legislature adopts equal suffrage measure. Illinois passes equal suffrage bill. Japanese land law in California approved ap-proved by Governor Johnson, February Febru-ary 3. William Sulzer of New York impeached im-peached and removed from office and succeeded by. Lieut. Gov. Martin H. Glynn. Political Developments Abroad. King Otto, known as the "Mad King of Bavaria," removed from throne and succeeded by his son. Sir Rufus Isaacs made lord chief justice of Great Britain, being the first Jew to hold that office. Election of President Poincare In France, January 17; inauguration February Feb-ruary 18. Election and installation of Sir Van-sittart Van-sittart Bowater as lord mayor of London. Lon-don. Victoriano Huerta proclaimed provisional pro-visional president of Mexico February Febru-ary 18. Yuan Shi-Kal elected president of China October 6; inaugurated October Octo-ber 10. Sir Edward Carson gathers together an "army" of Orangemen in Ulster to resist enforcement of the home rule bill should It pass parliament. Japanese mobs in Tokyo demand war on the United States over the California land question. United States forces Great Britain to give up attempt to gain oil monopoly mon-opoly In Colombia. United States warns Santo Domingo Domin-go "No more revolutions." Rebellion and overthrow of the Chinese Chi-nese empire and establishment of a republic. Krupp scandal in Germany. Disclosures Disclo-sures made April 18. Sports. American successfully defends the international polo cup against Great Britain. Syracuse wins te lntercollegiat j regatta, June 21. ! Harvard eight-oared crew beats j Yale, June 20. j Francis Ouimet wins the national I open golf championship at Brookline, Mass., September 20. America wins the Davis tennis cup, July 28. Philadelphia Athletics defeat the New York Giants in the world's championship cham-pionship baseball series, October 11. I Sir Thomas Lipton's challenge for the America's cup is accepted by New York Yacht club. Invention and Exploration. Vihlijamar Stefansson sails from British Columbia on Arctic Expedition Expedi-tion June 17. 1 Robert G, Fowler files cross the Panama canal April 27. Crocker Land Exposition sails from New York July 2d. Dr. Hudson Stuck reaches the summit sum-mit of Mt. McKinley June 20. Dr. Simon Flexner announces the discovery of the germ of infantile paralysis. Marriages and Engagements. Wedding of Princes Victoria-Louise, only daughter of the Kaiser and Prince Ernst of Cumberland May 24. Miss Jessie Woodrow Wilson, second sec-ond daughter of the president, marries mar-ries Francis Bowes Sayre at the White House Nov. 25. Engagement of Vincent Astor to Miss Helen Huntington announces. Duke of Croy marries Miss Leish-mann, Leish-mann, daughter of the American ambassador am-bassador to Germany, Oct. 27. Prince Arthur of Connaught marries the Duchess of Fife, Oct. 15. Dethroned King Manuel of Portugal marries the Princess of Hohenzollern at Singmaringen, Germany. Miss Helen Gould married Finley J. Shepard. ' Mexico, General Felix Diaz released from penitentiary in Mexico City and attacked at-tacked the National Palace, Feb. 6. President Francisco Madero forced to resign and is imprisoned at the National Na-tional Palace, Mexico City. Gustavo Madero, President Madera's Ma-dera's brother, is arrested by General Huerta and imprisoned in the National Na-tional Palace, February 19. Gustavo Madero is executed by the order of General Felix Diaz Feb. 19. President Madero and Vice-President Pino Suarez are shot down while "trying to escape." General Victoriano Huerta proclaimed proclaim-ed provisional president of Mexico, Feb. 19. Rise of General Venustiano Carranza Carran-za in the north of Mexico. Capture of Juarez and Chihuahua. Rise of General Francisco ("Pancho") ("Pan-cho") Villa as a leader of Carranza's Constitutionalists In the north of Mexico. Felix Diaz stabbed in Havana, Nov. 6th. President Woodrow Wilson declines to recognize Huerta as Constitutional president of Mexico. Mexican rebels fail in attack on Tampico, but resume assault. United States battleship fleet and international squadron gather at Vera Cruz and Tampico to protect foreign interests. Balkan Wars. Adrianople falls, March 26. Scutari surrendered to Montengro', April 23. Peace treaty of Balkans signed in London. Miscellaneous. Mrs. Emmeline Pankhurst visits the United States, Oct. 18. Gettysburg encampment of confederate confed-erate and Union veterans fifty years after the battle of Gettysburg, held on July 1. . Harry K. Thaw, slayer of Stanford White, escaped from Matteawan Insane In-sane asylum and flees to Canada. He is ejected from Canada and seeks refuge ref-uge in New Hampshire, where the case Is still pending In the U. S. courts. .Steamship Aquitanla to be the largest larg-est steamer in the world, launched in England, April 2. Colonel Roosevelt starts on South American hunting trip, visits Rio Janeiro, Brazil; Sao Paulo, Brizii; Buenos Ayres, Argentine Republic and Valparaiso, Chile. Mendel Beills tried and acquitted of ritual murder at the "Holy City" of Kiev, Russia. Gamboa dike last obstruction in the Panama Canal blown up with dynamite dyna-mite on Oct. 10th. Buildings of the Panama-Pacific Exposition Ex-position started at San Francisco. German Ger-man and English governments decline to participate. Labor Disputes. Indianapolis street car strike begins be-gins Oct. 31. Copper strike in Michigan started July 23. Prisoners in the Indianapolis dynamite dyna-mite conspiracy spend the first day in Ft. Leavenworth penitentiary Jan. 1. Firemen, engineers and trainmen of Eastern railroads demand increase and better hours. Matter adjusted by arbitration. Hotel waiters' strike in Xew York city Jan. 1st. Ono hundred thousand lady garment workers strike in Xew York Jan. 10. Faterson. X. J., silk strike. |