| Show kwil V 7 Z pak M ft W M aj 0 o ack pv m RIP XIT KU NY i y Q vi ki IT n T A Y 34 e karer ahe vh no an F I 1 ar A 4 V 4 arar 0 0 70 aws 0 cassy JOWH mar pha ar ay iy by ELM 0 SCOTT WATSON y F hiie ant latoff are carried out the united states Is to have a new national monument wherein will be commemorated mem orated the name and fame of the greatest native military genius this country ikas has ever known a red redi man wab lias baa been be mcall called by military ek experts who know whereof they speak the indian napoleon lie ile Is chief joseph of the nez pierces Pj erces and linked with tits clabie hatae in the proposed memorial will be that of one of our most moat successful cess ful indian fighters the late gen nelson A miles for FOI years the residents of chinook wont mont and blaine county have sought bought to have bave set aside as a i natio national nii memorial the site of the battlefield in the bear where beneral miles and chief joseph fought a alve day engagement and where jut jupt 49 years figo ago this month took tok place one of the most dramatic surrender set MS in all american history biti tory now likely that the ambition off of these tannis to 16 honor these two great warriors will be realized zed and it la is believed that the new national monument will be erected by presidential proclamation within the next year it this Is done a ehat abat probably will be erected on the site of the i e i render and the dedication will take place a year hence on oh the fiftieth anniversary of the event not only la Is the he name of chief joseph to be em blazoned on this shaft but further honor Is being paid him by one of americas foremost sculptors cyrus dallin already for his indian sculptures has begun wort work on a memorial wherein according to press dispatched dispatch ei he tropea hopes to immortalize in bronze the bravery patience loyalty and sorrow borro of bf the american indian that being ills ambition it was inevitable that lie he should chiq choose chief J joseph h foghis subject for there never hai be been an litan indian di 0 whom bravery patience loIt loyalty yand and sorrow were more characteristic and the story of him and of his people the nez perces Is a pathetic page lp ip merlynn history it Is a story too which reflects little credit upon the american people eople lR one of those sordid stories of greed prid oppression of a weaker race has hai so often marked tile the relations of white men and red from time immemorial the nez perces hal dwelt in the vast region in idaho oregon and washington including the valleys of the snake salmon Oear lear wafer and grande donde rivers in 1855 isaac 1 I stevens of washington territory rondo mittle a treaty trealy with the nez lleras berc es confirming their title to their home but in 1803 by a ne new tren treaty ty with the tribes of the northwest the incisi In nISI of the nez perets were greatly reduced I 1 old joppa of the he nez pertes perces declined to sign the creata Crea tv even though other chiefs did refused to live on tile hie Oro proposed posed reservation and continued to occupy tile the fertile territory especially tile the beautt ful Walli awa valley which his people loved most of if all old joseph josepa died in 1872 bequeathing to i I 1 i hla his son young joseph whose indian name alln binton has the impressive meaning of Tb thunder under rolling in the Mount mountains ning ills his love loe for 1 the youey opposition to giving it up to 0 the encroaching whites per fw the next four years there alivs constant const wt between the whites amdal and indians and in nearly every case taij the whites were the aggressors finally in 1870 1876 acom decided in defiance of all right that the nez nea perces ran must st go on the reservation as algner th enand aad ea gen 0 0 llo howard wardi wn coIn mander of the military department of the columbia colu iban was waa ordered to carry out the decision after afar sever al councils with the indians indian chief joseph agreed to obe obey y the order of the commission and go on the reservation lie he did this only because he ailt alt that it would be getter better to submit to injustice than to provoke a war ta in which he be knew well his people would inevitably lose unfortunately some of hla his hot blooded young warriors refused to abide ballis by hla decision on june 13 1877 they murdered several settlers there Is one story of the return of the war party to the nez perce camp where the he young warriors threw down several white scalps and announced dramatically to their people now you will have to go to warl war I 1 chief joseph was absent from camp at the he time collecting some borne of his scattered in preparation for removal to the reservation when he be returned he found that the die was past and that he was waa committed to war ever even then he was resolved to make it a defensive war and not an offensive one and he conceived the bold plan of fleeing with his people to canada fighting only if tile the white men barred his path to freedom then began one of the most remarkable retreats in history one historian of the nez peres war has written xenophon has chronicled the retreat of tile tho ten thousand de has romanced about the migration of the tartars Tar tars a thou thousand gand pens have recorded the annihilation of tho the grand army of napoleon the story of joseph and his nez nei perces is my theme the story of the bitterest in justice toward a weak but independent people to which the united states ever set its hand and of a military exploit of the first magnitude which justly entitles entities this great reat indian to take rank among the great Capt captains 3 undaunted by the almost tri insuperable ble difficulties of his problem that of transporting a whole tribe men women and children over a thousand miles or more more of the flip roughest countrymon coun country tryon on the north american continent and breaking through the lines of military barrier which were certain to be thrown out to intercept him chief joseph set out general howard acted promptly upon hearing bearing of the murders of the settlers re lie concentrating all available troops nt int strategic points the first engagement took place on june 17 in white bird canon where captain perry and a small body of troops rode into a trap which joseph had prepared for him and were disastrously defeated in this battle the indian chief in ili the handling of his men first showed those qualities of military leadership which wils a promise of the stern task before the soldiers before they could hope to obey th the e orders ordera from washington after perrys defeat general howard took the field himself and the great chase was on toward howard himself has paid high tribute to the military genius of ills his opponent und and in tile the weeks that fol lowed chief joseph imply amply proved that lie he was worthy of all for the indian napoleon proved that lie he endermo understood d the little corporals tactics of defeating the ille enemy in deball and did it general howard and colonel hotti both learned that to their sorrow E ean ai general emilei iho bo finall finally v brought him film to in hay magit have learnel it had conditions been different benl enl for here briefly Is th the e achievement of chief joseph during that remar kaMe retreat knevin bared with women and children which he refused to desert and allow to fall into te cie liandi liar di of tile lie soldiers as lie he might have done several times to facilitate tits his right flight and living a R lelit ln force chilt never exceeded 00 warriors hp he dolight I 1 engagements five of them lliam pitched baillod of u hibit lie he lost but one in the other oilier sit BIT skirmished skirmish ei lip lie killed and wounded HO of the holmers who fought him but lie he alst qt I 1 lil ji killed find and RS ra wounded of his own people then having his pursuers and lin knowing owing that lie he was only 50 miles from the canadian line and ifor for he did not know of the of 0 general miles ea troops he made the fatal mistake of sto stopping liping for a little while to give Ms ills weary tribesmen a chance for a brief rest resl here in the bear paw MOU mountains where the memorial to him is to bs bo erected general miles attacked on september SO 30 for five days joseph abid his little band greatly outnumbered withstood tile the attack of 0 miles allies soldiers finally artillery was waa brought to bear upon their defenses and on october 4 chief joseph gave up gie contest to in tho the meantime general howard who had bad pursued the fleeing indians across three states arrived at the battleground one of hlo hla ilon howards bards officers col C US S wood ties has described tile dramatic scene of josephs Joi ephs surrender as follows fallows it nearly sunset when joseph cattle anine to deliver himself up ile he rode from ills his camp in tile the little hollow ills III hands were clasped over the pommel of his saddle and tits his rifle riffle lay across hlo hij knees his head was bowed down 11 pressing around him walked five of his warriors their faces were upturned and earnest as tl r murmured to liml urn but he looked neither to the tie right nor to the left yet seemed to listen intently so tile the little group came slowly up the hill to where general Il howard oward with an aide de camp and general miles allies waited to receive the surrender As he be neared them joseph sat erect in the saddle then gracefully and with dignity swung himself down from tits hla horse arid and with an impulsive gesture threw his arm t to 0 its full length and offered tits his rifle to general howard the latter motioned filut general miles lilies who received the token of f submission at this surrender jefne too ton chief jospph joseph made the speech which blitch de doyen s it place with chief logans famous oration these wore ivere 1119 words 1 I am tired fired of fighting our chiefs are killed looking glass Is dead too bul hult tile bedl cine man or dreamer who had urged war upon joseph Is lead dead tile the old men are all dead it Is tile young nien men now who say yes and no vote la in the council lie he who led tile lie young men Olli cut josellis Jose plis brother if 14 lead it 1 Is old and we have no blankets tile the little c are freezing to death my people sonie sonic of thein have run away to the hills and have no blankets no food no one ile knows they are perhaps freezing to deatly death I 1 want to have hava kinle to look for my children find and to see how many of them I 1 can find maybe I 1 shall find fand them among the dead ilear hear roe rite my chiefs my heart Is sick and sail sad from where the sun now stands I 1 fight no more against the white man As lie he spoke thoe tho e lust last words lh v old chlell raised his liand hand to the sky and with this simple gesture the of tile the indian napoleon ended i I 1 for he kept ills promise lie he never fought again I 1 1 after tile the surrender general miles promised joseph that lie he und ills his people should be returned to idaho AS fur for the way in which the united states kept that po nilse lt it repudiated it entirely I 1 the captives were serit sent to fort leaven worth and kept there during file winter tile tho next sul summer limer hwy dwy were put on i i reservation in indian Terri fry it avns nn unhealthy unclip althy aln e for anyone and fr alif sc indiana Indin wi to flip lie high alti altitude lude 4 if their mountain aln home the 1 hot I t malar cli riale of the low lands ang bendly they tied died hn 1 UK the diio chief jw jo eph protested mid and pi diestel lit in alii ain I tint lit the lie turned it dent fir ir 1 I 1 liis hn to ile bo allowed to return to ills alil il homp libnic before people were ex terminated to tile emili lin credit of flip die ho he had conquer vI libin ili it ineil lie thit thi t ge general it ern I 1 miles used I 1 11 1 p erful to 1 annle the government I 1 I 1 vii lili I 1 in IW ti the lie nez percee were ere all millir d 1 l f 1 aluni to 11 North northwest wt but not to tile sil th ilir lil li l anost alia valley they allt it to the CoI codille Ille reserva serva rf bior liln n NY aall 1 ari 1 for I 1 lh next 20 year walh calef joseph taking the lead in guiding ills i people in lie flie white mans rond road there on september 21 1904 the old chief nod ding by the lire fire dreaming perhaps of days of daring and deeds of valor by which savage though he was he be had find written ills his name on the pages of 0 history slipped quietly to the ground and fell ell tuto into hla his eternal sleep bleed |
