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Show Pure Bred Sire Makes Dairying Pay i - " ey- ;fy;--'fi'j.vju,Jai- k..k-- K.. ' y r m iter i Cir 7 ';r y'j'f 0 Ilolsliin-Fricsian Dull Answers by the Veterinarian Dr. A. S.- Alexander . H Ikciio Celltat ( AarlculW Scours in Calif es WHAT causes the form of scours which kills calves of but a few day.s old? It Is Infectious, for one calf gives It, to others ajul the trouble slays In un affected barn for yours. It cannot be due to the feed, for the calves fiuck their dams ut birth and take the scours almost at once. No cure ha- been found here. The calf bloats and Its eyes ulnk Into its bend Immediately after birth. How can this disease lc prevented? H. T., Kansas. r.piy. The ilesi l lplion sw a good hb h of the complaint known as "en If cholera" and Jt Is Infectious, us sufeeeted, being due to the microbe known as -'bacillus coll com-r.iunln." com-r.iunln." -Colibacilli's Is" Is the technical name of the dlseave mid sufge?ts the cause. Tho "coll" germ la naturally present In the lutes- tinea of unlm.ils and only i;eems to do harm when It gains entrance to the blood circulation circula-tion by way of un abraded Intestinal lining membrane, or If Introduced by way of tho mouth may, in certain conditions, cause the Infectious disease In Miieetlon. The disease Is purely one of an Infested promises andthc brst sicp to prevent It must be In maintaining maintain-ing perfect cleanllncs In the .stabh-H Wnd calf pen. Abandon any old, dirty drink pen where the dlseaso haw be.-n. Trovide. a new, cleun. fresh bedded, whitewashed pen Into which sun and air enter freely. At birth wa-h the belly of the calf with a 2 per cent solution of cohI tir disinfectant and wet Its navel with a 1-jOO solution of corrosive sublimate. sub-limate. Heforn the calf Is allowed to suck for the first time Hash out tho vagina of the dam with a gallon of lukewarm half of 1 per cent solution of prrmniigunalo of potash and repeat this once dolly for a week or longer. Wash the tall, Ihlxhs and udder of the cow with a 1 per cent solution of lysol, carbolic acid or coal tar disinfectant and then rinse off with warm water before the cnlf Is allowed to Kuck for the first tlmo and repeat this washing twice dally until danger Is past. Prevent the cow's udder from at any time corning In contact with filthy floors or yards. If this is attended to there will be little likelihood of Infection. Tllere always Is tho bare possibility, however, how-ever, that the contamination will occur In tho vagina while the calf Is passing out of the body. . Sometimes the vagina Is Invaded by or the habitat of the causative germs and they may possibly get Into the calf mouth nt the time of birth. If that occurs scouring scour-ing will occur despite the adoption of tho precautionary measures suggested, but being slight, may respond to treatment. For this form of scours Inject into the rectum freely every four hours a quart of lukewarm slippery slip-pery m bark tea containing a dram of coal tar disinfectant. By the mouth give a physio composed of equal parts of sweet oil and castor cas-tor oil shaken up In warm milk. Do not use boiled milk on any account It tends to Induce In-duce Infection by way of the Intestinal tr-ict. Following the physic give two or Ihree times ft day one to two teaspoonfuls of a mixture of one part of pnlol and two parts of sub-x sub-x nitrate of bismuth, and If the calf Is weak also give one Wiblespoonful of best brandy In water two or three times a day. Use disinfectants dis-infectants freely about the stable and Isolate each scoudng cnlf. EVERV dairyman should look forwanl toward having n more profitable herd of cows next year than this year; not necessarily nec-essarily more cows, but better cows. How many have herds that will average more butter but-ter than your father's herd did, or pcrhdpa than did your grandfather's herd? You can't depend altogether upon the raise In price of land for your profits, not only because many do not own land, but because be-cause In many localities land hus reached a price that most of the money to be taken from this source has already been made. It takes a better farmer to make money on S100 or an ucre land than it does on MO an at re land. - The task of building up a profitable dairy herd must begin with the sue. Without ;i purc-hrcd sire, with the ability to get calves capable of producing milk and butter fat economically all other efforts to improve your dairy herd must full. The skillful breeder of any class of live i-toik realizes the Importance of having a properly selected site to head his herd. The average d:ilry- , man. however, givrs ibis Important subject little thought and makes use of a scrub sire because of the Idea Hint It Is cheaper to do so, or because his father got along all right with n scrub sire ajid he himself has not given the matter much thought. The scrub sire and the unprofitable cow go hand In liund In retarding dairy progress; whertr Is found one generally Is found the other. It Is not necessary that every farmer have purebred pure-bred cows of a dairy breed In order to have a proll table dairy herd, for high grade aro Just as elllclenl producers. The following shows very distinctly tho rapidity with which the qualities of tho slro accumulate In Hie high grade: (Jener- Percent Percent tlon Blood. Jmpv'd. unimpd. 1 1-2 50. .SO 2 3-4 73 . :'i. 3...... . 7-S 87.5 12.5 4 15-16 93 75 6 .'.'3 & 31-32 IiC.87 3.12 6 63-G1 9S.-I3 1.3S This shows very well the truth of the often heard statement, "The sire Is one-half the herd." It does not mean, however, that the same sire must be used throughout the six generations. This Illustration Is true whether wheth-er or not a change In the sire Is made. With the properly selected pure-bred sire used on the common cows found In the average herd the improvement w III be much more npid and the sire will be a great deal more than one-half the herd. Ills being pure bred gives him greater power to stamp his characteristics characteris-tics upon the offspring than can the grado cow. Valuable information as to the Importance of the sire In Improving or Injuring the productive pro-ductive capacity of the herd can be had from a study of the dairy herd records of the State Agricultural college of Missouri. By comparing ten daughters of a sire with their dams it was determined to what an extent these daughters were Influenced by their sire that Is, whether or not they were suporlor producers to their dams. It wa found that len daughters of one sire average 216 pounds of butter fat yearly, while their never buy n sire beiau-e the eit In dol'.ir and cents U low , for they V-.dir til souk day his actual cost, aid. el. will Or m :y cr If he Is n .'Ire that win pro.'uc,. .i:i,ters that have milking qualities .:..K.pil to .i high dtgree the co-t should le of m-, ornlary Importance. In selecting the lre ilrM d. c'!c on th' breed which you think will le i-e-t siiitnl for your condition". Then l'-k ! I I'd breed. The value of the u- niu; be ' . i d solely on his ability to gi t hltfh prod. i- in : In r alv. .. There are two cotir.- s o to a i nn h h'i W I dles to select the pr.'l r vl. e to -r.idc up l is herd. Sep-i t a your.v. yvi: .1 sire ami Judge from his f--i in ai 'I the r "rd- of his dam and graield.iiu a I bu ahilitv to transmit trans-mit dairy I'l'ilulcs. "r :'"' '" "Id "'at has be. n tried and Toim.l to !i,,e the i-blllt;. to transmit mining i ' 1 1 t i to hU .1. lighters. ligh-ters. The deslrehle -Ire ').:. m'1 hive hlph producers In his ale . t-. UN ibnn. and grnnddim especially sb"i;M be mi," el i'.r In-Jjvldiials, In-Jjvldiials, also the dam ol hN .'I;.. In studying herd r.-c. r.N-ll Is w Ml to pay moro attention-to year re ords than to records rec-ords for short pounds of time. och u seven days and thirty d ivs. Alt hnunh n'mry dairymen dairy-men prefer a young bull, of course lii. re is some uncertainty as to his po.v r to transmit dairy qualities. The movt kill.'ul breeders are often on the lookout for aged bulls which have sired daughters of meill. They of curse are hard to get and arc often expensive because be-cause their great value Is known to tln-ir owner. If h" Is a wise br ler Many dairymen dairy-men sell the bull for beef after be has been us. d two or three years without sieing any of bis daughters In milk. Many good bulls no doubt lire lost in this way. Th- r are i-r-lain characteristics of form which should be present in the fire. lie should have a strong, masculine appearance, strong constitution ;,nd vitality, and be a good type of the breed he presents. He should have a lean, clean-cut face, with wide rnii7.:.le, strong Jaw and large bright eyes. His ribs sh.-iiil.l be long, well sprung and wide apart, giving in an open relax conformation. His abdomen should be large and deep. strong ravel development. develop-ment. Indicating feeding capacity and vitality. Ills hide should be loose, pliable, of medium thli kness, not thhk and meaty, nor thin, dry and papery. The rudimentary teats, which are found Just In front of the scroium.sliould be large, squarely placed and wide apart. This Is considered very Important by many Judges, as a large, well-balanced and well-shaped well-shaped udder on the cow Is largely due to the way the rudimentary teals of the sire are placed. If they are crowded close together to-gether the result will be a narrow-pointed udder on the daughter. Whin we speak of prepotency we refer to the ability which tho sire has to transmit his characteristics or those of his ancestors to his progeny. It Is Indicated by the vigorous a ppea ra rice and a strong, resolute bearing and an abundance of nervous energy. Those who are not already carrying on systematic grading should start at once. None but a pure bred sire that will transmit milking milk-ing qualities to a large degree should be found on any farm, win re the product from the dairy herd Is one of the inal sources of revenue. The cheapest wny tor a poor man to obtain the use of n pure-bred sire is to induce a dozen of his neighbors to co-operate with him in the purchase of such a sire of merit as may he desirable. The Minnouta experiment station believes tin's is a feasible plan for poor or well-to-do farmers. The poor man can hardly afford to ow n such a sire for his exclusive use. The more fortunate neighbor docs not want to waste money in exclusive ownership, so the practical way is to o n a bull in neighborhood partnership and all use him until his usefulness to the partnership is exhausted by reason of relationship relation-ship to the cows of the community. Then he mny be disposed of to some other equally wie neighborhood, when the first purchaser should procure another. As we have been "Kreally In need of some Improvement In our milk and butler stock In this pact of the country. I be-an more than a year i.-o to talk up the Idea of co-operiiling and buying a pure-Mind Ilolstcln - Frlesla n hull,, nm! after quite a talk had among my friends we made up the money to buy the bull. If we had waited for some one person'lo buy such a bull we would very likely not have had anv Improvement Im-provement for some time V. C. Wiiki.I i.ky, I'obden, III. dams average 231 pounds yearly. It can readily read-ily be seen that this bull decreased the average aver-age production of the daughteis IS pounds under that of their dams. With another sire lluit was used (lu re was no decrease or In-, create, the b.-id being at a standstill. Another An-other sire which was used Increased the aver age production of ten daughters 110 pounds of butter fat per cow over. that of their dams. This 110 pounds of butler fat at an average price of 23 cent per pound would make $27.50 that each daughter earned In excess of the earnings of her dam. f'ounting on th" same basis thirty cows milked six ears, we havo $4,;i.'.0 worth of butter fat produced by lh- daughters In ixcrff" of that produced by tho dams You can readily see what Hie great value of Mils bull would have been had he been owned by a small association of neighboring neigh-boring patrons. He would have been, cheap nt Jl.Ooo, while the other two bulls mentioned would have been expensive at $10. because they left the h rd In a worse condition than they found It. Thei'e Is no question but w hat many farmers are lowering the productive lAp.uity of their herds every generation on account of their paying no attention to the scler tlon of sires. '" estlgations carried on In some Indiana h?-, by the Indiana experiment Mutton showed, that herds in which pure bred sires were used were producing butter fat on an average of 31.. cents cheaper than herds whiih were ungraded. While the a vera go prollt p.-r year Horn the ungraded herd was $13.02 per ow. that of ihe graded herd was S30.0I p.-r cow. fin on average the graded herd produced 01 pounds of butter fat per cow more than the ungraded herd There is no question but that the purchase of a purebred pure-bred sire would be one of the best Investments Invest-ments a dairyman tan make. l'p-to-date dairymen arc beginning to re.-ill.e the value of pure-bred sires In Increasing In-creasing I li- production of the herd and de-croa.-driT the cost of producing butter fat. They are not afraid to pay a g"iil pi Ice for a pure-bred sire to head the herd, and they |