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Show I Battle Cruisers, 823,000,000 Each, Are Greatest of Fighters I flfr . i W The new battle cruiser, mx of which type are building. Photograph from the Navy Department drawing made after plans finally were perfected The ships are the last word in marine fighting machines and not.- I like t.iem is being built or planned by any other nation Superimposed on the battle cruiser is an outline of the U. S S. Oregon, pride ot the raw in Spanish War days and considered one of the greatest fighting vczse' I m the world t that time One of the new battle cruisers could whip x Oregon and not be touched by their shells. I r5 --874 Feet j H I ! , i . r battlcrltTser f ! H 7 4-3,500 TONS 1 I ! SPEED 33.25 KNOTS I CQST $ 23,000,000 I . SPEED 16-79 KNOTS V (1 ... 348 Feet--- .. II ; 'I - - aiirrrii - fusion -Ttf H 3Sw itt, I ea ih armed War ( Iraft ( Outrank Am -thing Afloat r I aid Down in Speed and Hitting Ability O Vf )rl llrrold n,rr,i Mahintan. II. P., frr. V I oMK re axo when Great Britain Wrf dotnttable and Indefatigable upon b 32fl I from South Carolina, euggaated on the floor I 0f f Senate mat the United States call I "Simply IVro "Skeerctl Though names hae already bi-n selected I fo. lh ' monatei battle crubters now pn 1929 I n4 the pp1laton fareiioualy suggested I b "Vltcbforl! Ben'' are not nmons them III rv of the K-irit warcraft might with MJ Nui "I I irakr thrm turn tall and run. The new battle crutsers. to be hmli ! I a coat of approximately f -3.000. n -i ,jac' I I tutlcn Lexlr.xton, I tanner, Sarnio:i an I I i r,t-d state., briefly Ihey are tin- lit) nr.' '. HK rtgned -1 B frit irhrn Capt. Clark sailed her found " p rpuJ jH h' IE Ub I tijht Orexons In hat t lr. V.-M Attains Expre Train Speed By 180.000 Horse Power Engines MMHi Osplt ht-i enormous bUc the Consulla- 1 tbaTV 2C J tH J I rttu 01 cn,h,rlns. haa characterised thla iln 9 I I h pair 10 f : r h Of tile fmir m.virll.r l.ri. I the numhrr of m ylilc' ahta. T I ' ft( rap. the Constellation could generat- '-'Nl jH of jrf X tho rrui-i wou : opera U nt fdK I Thoug ii (irr.,! Brit rl nab NESS1 , E " rocha our new battl crlrrs !n aU IV f' '"T. Ja.nar.e?r ngliirers arf im I 'o be detlfnlng averal battle cruisers of the I "tellation p. bul I tt wm .-ns1v smaller dleploremnt an.i of :iUa it tha bitlnnirtt o tjir (rret war Oe--"un, hid a numb-r of battte .. rulser of rr.Mcra't gixe. but )ot them when h-r flU bbbbbbbV HT Uoc1 10 the AlLe No other na- " 1 ',' ; !' m : t:' Amtrl i QroatBrftali SH ara JPn are the only nation of the world jH b'ch poaseaa thla nrw of - r ship and flow j"'' rlcs hu taken fl it placa among I E JJ navlaa In thla reapect. notwithatandlng BaaaaaB ill 1 th'1 h th a8t 10 -'opt th 1 and Con- yom I Normal Dia. M:n Ar sejj Length, placem'. Speed. mament, rhaajW ilts,tl. H da tCr rrC,tPr d!?l 3-JI d two and , K SLaaaV i'I J",r'V' Piei-e. while the- of the Hntln.. fLaaaaW u!J',.nch ln th "ntln- ratter.e? the spiB'l k ' -cb runs, whtU tl fnnf Irtlaflon ''a nwnen nch ;unj Ano'lr mpoilint p-lnt IS that w'i I then l only "yr II l In :li British now 1 the Cbnstellgttoil haw Ave iKt r thUyf h exactly the Mini- dim nvion SMp fr sMd and sun for s in Oltpl Rrllsln ar the uren moment Ik mlctretix of the (teaa. 'hut wlirn Amerl on Mlllps nn ordered or under on -ruction are Completed hr (rill drop Mri( 4m rv; Takes First Place by Thr.e Mop:-erj xnd Other Shipi In addition to The Mx hattlr crulwra of t ContCelpStlOri type Which are nnw oulltflns nd innet ! MitnpUl'd .i 19J3. there are oftlTii.r- ) r.no ton und jx others of 41 L'OO lonn lo be completed and dellrrd t the Amerii-an njvy h 1"3 Alde rrom the hat tie cruler Hood. lh .zr-: -hi,.- '...( Britain can hoat of pre . . T r)if I .ion and Tiger claaa. whir l) 1 1 -I -1. K f-ment of 2 5a0 ton The j- n K'.lxabeth flngahlp of the ItrltiN. r 1 n -i lunn; the world war displaces ; -c. .,lMh f,nt h tiTSAy she la ms tiutn iwcihlrdg the ?ixe of the Constellation A- prfVlmtalv Intimated, the battle cruls'r : a corppatativel) "ew type or war vaasal II la Ihe r fn't of ica j if rffort on the pari a noyai : -.a:i . produee 1 shin m h the heavy arfnameni of a battleahlp. coppi v ith the -jtri-.i .r :i nemn rrulaeT Tbbf)gi Amoncan naval itiraieagN were alive to re pomlb!;iti of this 'v:o "f 11ft Cohgreds n-i somewhat io-.v to accept their cetoh m nd.itlon. ,-n.1 i was no! until llt thrt Kittle fruit"-: w. rn authorised for our navy Work wras ImmedbMaly beaun on ihe s buttle cralaeia gthotlaad, but was dabon-iinued dabon-iinued srheh sff ahtargd the srai Mrnrtlm.- Hnti'-h ensinecrs Pad pro-ftuced pro-ftuced a number of the new ships, and m ii.. ia;:ie ..r .lutinnd hud opportunity lo ve the 9ti"dnefa of their idea- tete Th Qotan Mary. l-io:i. TUi-r snd Ihcr splendid sxamples of ti- type artldpasd hi thu: enesarment ar.d. accordlnc to naval ex-ifrts. ex-ifrts. proved beyond v,,(t" their uaatul- res both In locntlna the enemy and in . aAllPg wnb him nfterarrl. It was Admlr;il P.. nit . tl hi" attle rlllers sfhb penctr.itod the O'rtraii screen a Jutland and rnsaed the msln body of tbo Geminn fleet until the Urltlsh mail floet under Jelllcoe could come to hi as-Matanco 1 How Amr;ican Warships Have Increased, In Size and Cost Since the Spanish War Ships. Date Cost. Length. Tonnage Alabama .... 1896 $2,650,000 374 feet 12,150 N-braska . 1899 3,73?.,600 441 feet 16.094 Ccnnc-ttc.it ..... 1902 4,600,000 456 feet 17,666 Delaware 1906 3.987,000 518 feet 22,000 Honda 1908 6,400,000 521 feet 23,033 Arkansas 1909 4,675,000 562 feet 27,242 New York 1910 6.400,000 573 feet 28.367 Pennsylvania 1912 7,260,000 608 feet 32.567 New Mexico ... 1914 7,800,000 624 feet 33.000 California 1915 12,675,000 624 feet 33,590 North Carolina 1916 22,000,000 684 feet 43.200 Constellation 1916 23,000,000 874 feet 43,500 N0tr These are typical ships taken from arious naval programmes. When operating alonr. the battle erulaer function ;is ordinary scout erulaars VI 'heo arlth the main Meet they net as what IS known in naval parlance us u "Out win-" Buttle crnlbera are from eiiit to tw i knotn faster thnn .inv other capital Ship, with gun power equal to that of :inv CaDl t l ship. In other woi-d they are . fhs it t CTUlaer or destroyer. :ind yet rarry mins us powerful n thoat of s bHttb ship Because of their huge armament the ' more th iiua onateh for any cruiser, ard bc-c bc-c .if tin :r tremendous speed snd moM'it) Itv j - .ibli- to chHM. ihelr position' 111 flghtlna h ttjittleshlp. thin offectllne to a considerable ektehl the advaritaga Itihareti to the battleship becpMse of Its thicke-.ii thicke-.ii rhpr. Speed. Mobility. Armament Make Them Superior to Any Cruiser t'onfronted by a group of battleships. U onstellation, if her connnandar so daairedi i ould soslly outrun them. If th.-y wen ship of the lype of the Arizona, Arkansas ot" California, she could probably do then, considerable con-siderable damage without b, Ing ffreatp banned liafaelf for she could ::tay at lon-innRe lon-innRe nnd oppose her sixteen Inch gun ' the twelve and fourteen Inch pieces of the hattleahlp Her sreuter apoed and mohllitv vould enable her to take and keep a pos.-tion pos.-tion on the bow of i battleship, where oijlv the bow uns of the enemy could be brougln to lenr uion her. though s'jc would In th meantime oe petfeetly free 10 Are broadsides broad-sides In return Thontli the luit'.e eroiser demonstrated at .Tutl.ind that she can itlve a good aOOOUnt ..f herself In a pitched battle with capital -hips, ruch operations are not her p.im;i.v function a battleahlp ordlriarll) has t - th ten to eighteen Inchea of teel armoi t t 0" tect her front enemy shells, whereas the battle bat-tle cruiser would rarely have more than fU or si. inches it is- this sacrifice of arrnoi nhleli mnke possible i hi- greater ped obviously, im -b.ittb- crufeer could stand broadside and .-t close rang and exchange shot for s'io istth battleahlp. The Ideal work for the battle CTUlaer Hat in .-toother direction When great fleet aafllea forth on the v. urpath it puts out a soieen." i.o b lo .n.ivunce of the m.iln Ih1v and upon its haoita. Thl screen" Ih closely analogous to thi "advame guard," "roar minrd" ar.d "pntrols" which an army sends out, and its functions tin- exactly the saim It must ''screen" the main body so that Mm enemy oannoi learn its true itoKition prevent Surprise attieks and !f possible penetrate the "streon" of the enemy For such work oni fast vessels are used, but If In addition to the requisite s;eril a sliip ngs l'; ,t sun power It will obviously prove doubly uw?fu!. Heie it 1? that the battle crtilsir comes Into Its own The designer or the electric installation for the Lexington Seraiogst, CQnatltutlon and t'nlted States v j.. n. Kramol. con-xuittng con-xuittng angtnaer bf the (lener.ii Blectric Company nnd pioneer In the development of the electric drive. Mr. Kmmet wa the designer de-signer of the first electrical Installation for the navy that now in operation on the L S. S. New algxlco. The power plant of the Itanaer and Constellation was designed by the Westinchouse Electric Company. Kit t irn il popullon Is regarded by experts ex-perts as superior to any other type for bat" Giant Vessels Use Electric Drive and Carry 16-Inch Guns, Though Armor Is Sacrificed tor Speed tleehtps or ruttle- cruisers Woause of Its i-:tr economy In fuel, in space anil, wtlgbt and eapeclaTl Vecauea of Ita ureute. flexibility An aleotrlcaily dilven ship can utll!r.- full power it l)"ii rQnttlAg asteru a well as ahead, while 40 per cent, of power astern Is a (p-rul average for other forms of pt opulflon. The electrlcjl equipment ha also proved more durable. ant repairs when necessary, are more realil mude. a cording to the ex-i.erlence ex-i.erlence of natN ofrifUls Elrtrical Propulsion Protects Against Shell Fire and Torpedoes Another Important advantage of electrtoul i "pulsion In B ship of war N tlie areatr Protection ig.i.nst su II fire or torpedOi iffonled hy that type of coi.struction In the case of the new battle cruisers, for x- inipie. the two tUi tx-seuerators and fji molors are In separate water light compartment!, compart-ment!, if one turbb.-aenerator were diabi i the ship onld still operate at three-fourth si i-.-.i, Jiml If lirtlf i lie motnra were put ou. of - ommlsslon half l ..iitd ) mam-i..nied. mam-i..nied. II would be Impossible to lulld reuiproc.it- .lglnes sufllcieiitiv powerful and snflf-. snflf-. eotly compact to perform the smrV tutho-cencrators In the new battle i rulser- i ere designed for. According to npVal ex- its. the limit foi i eclprocatlng engima as reached In battlSOhlp or the type ol t l tl v.ts an.1 New oik The new bOttl misers aie oil burnevs and have a crutslrg radlui bf approximately s.ooo m! No definite plana have lieen made for t ie dlatrlbution of the six cruisers when thJ an- complete. According to tactical expe'U Hieii SJasignmenl would depend 'ntlrely i poo clr umstances. Tlie might form i x.ivii- permanent division with eitvr th Atlautli or the Pacific fleet, or It mleht ound adsisable to have them alternate lo Ivxeen the tn fle( t. It Is also possible, thev assert, that conditions might arise wblCrl v. ould make Ii dealrade to keep half th" U ttlc cruisers In '.he Atlantic and half in ths raciflc. . lbs trcssel were desicned to pa iradil) IbrOugli the Panama Canal, shlflli s ( of their babe of operations would not be difficult The t anal locka are 1.000 feet ifj l ngth, 105 feet in hreailth snd 0 feet dee.-The dee.-The gigantic stridea In maritime engineer -ma of recent years an.i the apparently llm ties competition among the nations in thi- construction of battleablpt hat glean r.a H to mto h spaoUlatlaai ha to where it ail wdi H end. In 1P0H the In un'Jilnc of the original H Oreadnought M pioclnlmstl This r H monster ami resaribM as titanic and gVM well informed engineers were convince- H that nava! constructors had about reachet their limits The Dreadnought, howevtr has a displacement of only 17 00 ton, a H mere tender, so to peak. for the gigaoiie i "onstellatlon. witn her 43.500 tons. H Is there any limitation as to the stze of H ararshipa? Kxperts say they do not know ben a ship was built cspab'e of floatlnr a battery of 12-lnch guns, amply protected by armor plate, constructors thought thev H aoeomp'Hlied a sreat deal. Rut compe H 'Itlon went on. and soon another nation had H U .i vrei lare enoiiRh to float a batterv H of M-inch guns. fow come ahlps csrrvin H 16-inch guns and engines capable of driv H their vaat hulk at fortv miles per hour. If H the nations in their eagerness to be in the H -nil. decide they vrirmld have IS-luch H jun oohatrOctoiw rh could prot- H and build a "s'.dp big erio igh to H armament War Ships' Increase in Sire M Governed by Pr.nama Canal k There I one practical consideration, how- ever which m tm- opinion of navil nr-n H will do mon- than unythlnp else to limit the H - of ships That consideration Is the cj-pjciiy cj-pjciiy of tlu I'joima Canal. The Constel-t.-.-t loriR and 11 fret S'i ln.vt s ta breidth. S'te might he 12 feet longer and he aTWe to got Into the canal locks, flie were three fret wider she cout H it. Of course the eunal locks could H t- widened, hut only after a tremendous H obtla of ne. money an) labor. H Such oonaldera Lions, naturally sugpext tha H ouestlon of dry docking facilities for the n?sr nrlaefs. According to naval officials ths H drj docks at Pallton. Canal Zone. Honolulu end Puget Sound .Ire sufficiently large to J inmodtile vessels of the Constellstion claaa. The new yards be constructed si San Franciscd Wonid also be able to take H ot them io tlx- Atlantic adequate fa- J dlltiee are to be round at Norfolk and Bos- I I ongh all six f thfJ battle cruisers we Sd by the Const ructkkp department of the navy, only two are being built at Ousted Statr navy yaids. Contracts for tho othi fOul v. ere let to private shipbuilding 0dr poratlooj v amit of $2i,ooiooo was placed while i on tracts for tha CortaialJatloo and the itar.gcr werr lei on . cost plus fee basis, and those for the Sara-toga Sara-toga and (ho Lexington on s cost plus 10 The follow-In table show lh name of ths i del and the o-t aOiH for each of tha Ship. ftalldl r Cost Bata- Constellatlssi, Newport News t. . .Cost plus f Constitution Navy Yard. Phllu.. . JZS.onotJtJ i ri-.e- -a. R rrp Cottf.lja t? Ifiivger. Newport News F. Ii Co. Cost plus r Saratoga. N. V. S B Corp. Cam- dsn, n. J .cast plus io United States. Navr Tard. Phlla . $2.t.O0.0,0 Tl.oagli ili finite figures as to cost ais UlabK das of the constitution and the ("riled States, it is thought tha1 none of the vsaoele will greatly exceed tha lit OOO.OOO maximum set for those ens-atructeO ens-atructeO in United Stales nav y.trds Twenty Years the Limit of Any War Ship Supremacy In v on of the large amount of money in-there in-there la a natural desire on the part of the puhli-.- to know how ing these-vessels these-vessels will be serviceable. Tbo style in wsrahlns. according to naval experts. Is not unlike the style in women's dress In that It la subject to sudden and almost wh'jnslea' baagi . How long the Constellation tyoe wi I continue to be Queen of the Seas depends r - tent upon tlie de fopmrnf rr. J- In the science of naval warfare It is inconceivable, nsval officers ay. . Pis 0001 that the sit new bjtr:? cruiss.-s ihovlt have become p.is- tefor twen:y years hove elapsed. That, after al! la about e usual Ufe of a capital w rh p ri.e.i alio reaches the age of twenty she must -t her pride and go into the -acond lin. Tho new buttle cruisers will have a com-plement com-plement of nltout 1.'00 officers and men rack The ships will h(J equipped with iecr-itlon iecr-itlon and auiubcment rooms, moving picture halls, mess room-, libraries in fact, ererv-thing ererv-thing thst Is possible to make a bluejacket hspp.v under the Ircumstsncea B8 I |
