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Show Ej Bavaria, Land of Political Paradoxes, Worrying Germans I ' The pictures below, the most recent to arrive from Munich, show the remarkable conditions existent in Bavaria. Instead of disarming according to the Treat) of Versailles, the Bavarians have formed themselves t I into rirle clubs under direct command of Dr. Escherich. The largest picture shows part of a crowd of 30,oor riflemen taking an oath to fight Bolshevism. In oval n;low note the many war helmets and arrow pointir to -I Gen. Ludcndorff. Dr. Escherich is a monarchist and the German Republic is much alarmed at his power. Picture at the left shows a mass meeting in Munich being addressed by Dr. Escherich. Q 1 !Two Royalist Parries Offset One Another, Communists Stay in Jail and Armed People Peo-ple Go About in Slow, Democratic Way By RAYMOND SWING HHftj Copyright 1920. bu The New York Hekald. rnrl, Saturday. NO one reading the Bei lln newspapers exclusively could escape the con-Ujjjjiy- viction that Bavaria Is the Mack I -f- sheep of the German rami I) Bavarln i IDH represented as being simultaneously ih jBH hearth nf sedition, the hope of reaction, th ifflE cradle of a new monarchy and the arch of HjjH the new Danube Federation of Catholic ffLjM States; Bavaria la wooed bv Marshal Foeh's flHLH imperialism ; Bavaria conspires with 'liiisH White Guards of Hungary. Bavaria in 01 gja&Sflf breath Is the one real menace of Germ.n JHjH unity and the German Republic The con HjHlf scrvativo who approve Bavarian reaction 4 v-a is ou,ragcd over Bavarian separatism. The jHjjH Socialist, who disapproves both, is angry fQ about Dr. Escherlch's private army. Th" jgflH liberal denounces the intrigues of Dr. H'.ni with the Fr Dch 1 i It never class or pari; V I tlie alarmed Prussian Is very much alarm n over Bavaria. IP Bui in i:j.ir:.i life goes ".i rimpl: t d f patiently. The vim. bullet stains In the 1 . grimy stones of Munich public building! I the LSI l I olu tJon; the hearty Bavarian, craving for good meals and heavy beer; is tr iiitled In haind-some haind-some measure and at a scale of prices far below the Berlin level. The slunlcb paVc-ments paVc-ments are swept, the Munich hor-.- are not Hj haggard, the Muc street cars glide by In HJ their usual number. The Staid Mutn.h HJ rhythm of earlier days Ivas been found again. nSB rven the .Munich m u spa pi is have the HBbH flower pulse and steadier tone of bcttT JBHI times. There la nothing in the plodding pace 4 of traffic or in tiie genial face? nf pedes- P trlans to suggest sedition and turmoil . Bavaria Is Democrat.c. as (ftUUU, In fi Slow Gomf, Wsy. 'ljHsf Ves, tncre '8 H monarchist movenent. there aro even two royalist parlies 7es, Di iitSS Escherich has a private army, and Dr. UWLflfl Escherich in himself a monarchist. Yes, ;hs Oomm in still ro in pi (HH oet Toller, his comrade Muehsam nnri many rPBH more, and Ei.-enberg. the Communist I ) po . . praflHH has recently Joined them after a trial which SBb was a farce of all justice. Gen. Luden- ' ijfiij fl behind I W Munich and planning wan with Russia .n 3f 1 the lismo of Kulnir rigalrsT rhe Bolshevist ). 1 Agtlchrlst. There sre seoaratists 'nid fedor- fljfl itlonisU and beyond doubl Dr 1 Itn Aid - M ' nf- r with . imi nctunci mjflfl Tho political observer of Munich will ad-mil ad-mil all this. But ho will sa there Is nothing to be afraid of. Taken From the Ojw ground, he will explain in thti Rood German L"&3 Idicm Bavorla has nnt changed. The peo- IftaffiB pie always were democratic In their slow- MgHJ golnr way. and never monarchies of Ihe jBBJ PriiRSinn strain. To be sure, there are mon- HH archists now. Count Rothmer and hi mental J kin How many hundreds in the millions? BttV Count them. Bothner. a gifted dolt, nothing j,L more KnC Bfl foi eln ri. h. he is at OUtS B with Ludcndorff. The unauthorised sheriff HRJ may bo a monarchist, but his Idee flrr i $gP i Bolshevism, nnd he really means it- th 1? against the counter revolutionaries as f,i: much a the revolutionaries. Really not a ifjal harmful man. just conceited, always talking SHH of my army, my men. my plans but not a labor baiter or a king maker, only an ac-cldea ac-cldea of the times I spoke with Municli politicians of every Hvl party and the only alarming prediction came HH from a Communist I had sal with him In a cafe arid he kept vrirgllng the whole time HBb , in his chair in a most embarrassing way. But that. 1 discovered, was because the secret service agent who hod arrested Blsen-heri, Blsen-heri, had him under surveillance from i Hj t.'hie across the room. In I his atmosphere ' personal peril his hellf in a winter of "k'at and reaction appeared germane. But f 'he rest weie not grcaMy disturbed lor the HH lepuhllc, nor looking forward to the Danube jV Ft iteration, nor in love with France, nor in .iiiv of the. other poses of the i'ruasian H That is not (o say that the North rjerm m Hi nlgkunare is not composed of realities. But V the realities. It proves, balance each other ' - C i , . ' -ipf' ' f , " " 'r' , .' ". ' ' ' Dr h-s-chericli, E3varitn Master Forester and h;ad of the Eir.woi net wchr. off for' the moment. Separatism would be more popular It It did tot tfhplj cooperation witli M irsnal Poch. Bavarians have two antljiathles Prussia and KYance, And br tween the I wo. Bavarian policy has to keep to the :nddlc of the road and le content lo Mcrk greater autonomy within the empire. A Eavaiian statesman against whom a ChjiTge, of I reason In the Interest of France COUld e proved would he piilcried. Besides, the significance of the French Legation In Munich and the alleged separatist sepa-ratist consplrlngs of Monsieur Dji.I bav- DSen grossly distorted. M. D.ird can only weakly influence Bavarian political thought, and he knows this well enough. The enor rrous sums Supposedly spent In propaganda .I'mply have not been seen In Bivarla. Ii would require 'enrs to convert the countrv and .vith veins and special privileges Slid nil the gu!:cs of politics it yet might not be possible. Practically all the ardent separatists ni Bavaria are confined to the southern hu- i lands, where there i little agriculture and less industry and where the principal wcaPn seems, to be an intranslgeant aiitl-f'i ussi i;i passion. But north of the Danube th Bavarians are fairly dispawlonnte and -i.. loyal Germans, both in the rich form d;s-tricts d;s-tricts of the l'falz and In the factory town with their agricultural hinterland, and In these two regions It is that the real rlched of Bavaria are concentrated. The peasants are independent enough, but they are not. political hypochondriacs like their highland compatriots. The factory districts are bound by Ihe laws of Industry and by national labor solidarity to remain with north Germany, They need Slleslon and Ituhr coal, they need materials and as exporters they belong to the German Industrial unit To Set Up a Kmp, in Bavaria Would Not Start a Rebellion Let the Bavarian separatists try to proclaim pro-claim an Independent Bavaria, it Will DieVn a separatist movement within the new Btate, I waa told The Bfnlz and all the district north of the Danubo would promptly rejoin north Germany. BVen the monarchists balance each other off. They are divided In two camps, th? Wlttelsbftchers and UohenxoUernltes, and cooperation between them on the h.isis of the old monarchy, which supported crowns In both families, out of the question. The Wlttelsbachers will not hear of another experiment ex-periment with a Hohenzoll. ru mplre and the Proteatatit, pah-German liohenzollernites would never tolerate an empire with a Bavarian and a patholie ruler Numerically the Wltlelsbachers aro predominant, but their royalist sentiments have a correspondingly correspond-ingly weaker fibre. A pan-Germ. m Munich student, with his fierce contempt for the Jews, his brave defiance of everything foreign for-eign and his strident belief In the ultimate victory of the German Idea tas embodied In militarism, discipline and paternalism), la a toyaliet p be reckoned with. But the Bavarians Bava-rians did not take their king so much to B3 0 h'art They upireciated him with something some-thing of the lukewarm complaisance of the Bnglish. Yes. let the king come again, It n.lght be better, the Munich citizen will eay. but die to set him on tho throne? Hardly. Such a monarchist movement does not en-m en-m nder rebellion. Mujiprecht Is the only Wlttrlsbach candidate candi-date now that the dethroned King Is fnll-Ing fnll-Ing in mind and health. The former Crown 1'rlnce Is not unpopular. He was believed during the war to have been a peace Gen- tar! -i r . ' ral. after the summer of 1917. and to have worked against the Ludendorff gambles and the other obstreperous Prussian determinations. determina-tions. He Is believed to have lived rather simply at the front, and he docs not stand common people off. which makes him liked. But he Is not an avowed candldnte and Is net plotting to be restored. If crowned, miracles mir-acles woold be expected of him. merely bo-rnu?f bo-rnu?f In the good Md da s of the kings tl Lngi went better. He would have to Increase In-crease the value of money, restore Individual integrity, and accomplish many other mar-vi mar-vi Is Iieyond tiK ken of contemporary slntes-mar-shlp. He knows this, and Is said not to be eager to sacrifice the glory of the re- membared pnt for a doomed triumph. Bavarian reictlon and particularism. If counted alone, do not represent a peril to tlv German republic. But as factors in possible political con I'lnatlons over which Bavarians have no control. Bavarian re- action, at least. Is a form Ida bis influence. And separatism might become one if the plans of a Catholic federation were close to realization. Bavarian renctlon Is Important because German reaction Is becoming so. Tho Bavarian Ba-varian merely have the lead. Po long as the little group of pangertnan "die-hards' Were the only noticeable anti-republican force in Prussia, It did not matter so much to north Germany what the Bavarians did provld.fi they remained German. But today to-day the antl-repubtlcans are growing In numbers and In zeal. The October convention of the Herman National People's party blew pretty high royalist winds for a republican State. "We demand before all tho restoration of the monarchy, declared Herr Helfferlch. and brought down a long storm of applause. Virtually all speakers confessed to tho snm faith. And monarchy means to these monarchists mon-archists a war of revenge. Even Dr. Simons, tho Foreign Minister, deemed It noccssarv to deliver a rebuke on this point. Htrr Graefe, the prophet of revenge, denied In the Belchstng having merited a Ministerial reprimand, but tho Conservative organ had quoted him as telling the convention: "When we can have allies again, and have won back the favor of the Almighty, then will come the day of revenge." which words brought him an ovation lasting several minutes. Communists Start Revolution a Monarchy May Arise as a Counter. Juet how ihe monarchy Is to be restored the Conservatives do not divulge. Beyond doubt many, perhaps most, of the party aro ready to wait until the monarchic Idea can carry an election. But that Is not tho temper of a very considemble element In the party and close to It. The expectation is that the Communists will try a revolution this .winter, and then the country will cry for rescue and receive It at the hands of the counter revolution. The Cgnservatlats will be the ones organized, they will have the weapons; thvy will, by virtue or wielding the real police power, become tho State. It Is in the light of wuch a prospect that Bavurla deserves special consideration. Dr. EstKoiloh might or might not be the plain sailing anti-Bolshevist he says he Is. and might be as guileless politically os an Infant, In-fant, and still be the most providential creature crea-ture the German counter revolution could ask for. His Bavarian Kinwohnerwehv, about 200.000 strong, probably still keeps within tho Escherich programme of nonpartisan non-partisan ant I -Bolshevism It is the answer lo the Munich Soviet revolt and will live an !ctr as the Communists, who poll 25.0QO ebtes in Munich, have numerical strength. But OrgeSch (the name Is tho telegraph nddrer of the Organization Escherich) Is a troop of another color beyond the Bavarian bonier. In the llrst plnce. It Is secret. It I comprised of glee clubs and physical training train-ing societies and other such seemingly Innocuous locnl groups and behind this !.K ado forms a very self-conaclous army, dedicated to the task, be it noted, of maintaining main-taining tho Idea of state authority. The slurring societies and athletic clubs. o albgo the democrats, are In many cases military companies of cx-oflleers and monarchist mon-archist revolutionaries, who now have the help of ihe plainer nntl-llolshevlsts of the Escherich specification. His strange combination com-bination of Ingenuity and ingenuousness EB Dr. Escherich, Firm for Law and Order, Has Private Army Disguised Dis-guised as Glee Clubs and Other Peaceful Organizations alone could have managed SO easily to ret H the north German conservatives In a post- H t'ou to mobilise. Whether in an hour of re. a i porll to the republic. In an hour, say, at the end of a Communist "Putsch." Dr. BXJCherii h could control his hundreds of thousands -of veterans and prevent the royalist counter revolution from sweeping into ower Is a question hard to answer in th-- affirmative. The Communist "Putsch" Is the accepted fliennl among both north German and Ba-Varlsn Ba-Varlsn reactionaries. Should It eventuate and bf momentarily successful in Prussia. thm Bavaria will become automatically "the H chief defender of the constitution." This Is the assertion of he Bavarian Minister- President, Herr Vo.l Kehr. Dr. E.-cherlch's trocps will then rally to the national "Gov- ernment" and the "Ordnungsstaat" (state of law and orderi. as Bavaria has it. will be established In Prussia. An Ordnungsstaat H In Prussia Is tbe ideal, too. of the National c.rrman People's party. The keynote speech H ' of the convention was made by former H Minister H.-rgt "The Ordnungsstaat is our H goal for Prussia,' he declared. "Prussia must be our final aim, and then, with Prua-sla Prua-sla as our base, we ohall conquer the em- Tie- Bavarian Minister of Justice, H Herr Roth, told the Conservatives' conven-tlon: conven-tlon: "We shall never permit our Em-wohnerwehr Em-wohnerwehr to be disarmed, come what Ruhr Coal Is the Potent Factor in Future Bavarian Moves. But there Is another possibility which H makes the simple calculation of the out- H me oi Kurn a communist Putsch difficult. H If, after a Soviet wero proclaimed In Berlin. the Allies or the French occupied the Ruhr H coal basin, Frankfort and the Main bridge- H head, what then? Would Bavaria remain "'H? What If. at the same time, were proclaimed a Rhlneland republic, enjoying H veritable privilege., economic and political. H would Bavaria then go to the rescue of her H deeply disliked Prussia, even for the sake H of the nation? Would it. If guaranteed the H litlcal leadership of a group of Catholic H states, including the Rhlneland republic H Aurtrla and Hungary? Could north Ba- H variaii manufacturers resist the argument H of Ruhr coal? Would the hard civil war be H more Convincing to the Bavarian leaders H than peaceful political influence suddenly H upon them? H It Is impossible to prophesy when so many H eater Into the problem. No one out-side out-side the French and national leaders in-volved in-volved know how Danube federation stork Selling, In Bavaria it is reputed to be H lew. And in the Rhlneland not much better. despite the feverish activity of Dr. Dorten. the Rhine Republic People's party. Joseph H Bmeets, Frau De Zechcrl and other Individ- H uals of uncertain importance and parties of problematic dimensions. There Is reason) to believe that the Federationlsts are only an Inferior clan in the French Porci1! Mice Mid that tho federation can never bo-come bo-come the chief French policy for central Europe until there Is a tetter chance of its being realized. At present the success of H thi Small Entente apparently has postponed H But It is worth noting that Orgesch is not confined to Germany, but extends certainly Into Austria and probably Into Hungary. Czecho-Slovakla and .Tugo-Slavla. and that H the Prussian reactionaries of the Ludondorlf H circle have spun a web whose threads reach H to Budapest and Vienna, possibly oven H It Is not certain that the Communists wlT handsomely launch the revolution which ushers In this maze of consequences. To be sure, they may; they have to do some- H thing to hold their following, and their leaders are not evincing any very alluring gifts of statesmanship in the Reichstag. H But If they should decline there may bo revolution begun by agents provocateurs of H tin' reaction and feeding on the- indisputable H unrest. Only on one point do most prophets H agree that a working men's rebellion, if |
