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Show "farm and garden. MATTERS OF INTEREST TO AGRICULTURALIST. f.m. rip-to-tUt. Hint" About C.ltlv.-Hon C.ltlv.-Hon nf Ih. Holt and Tlla Tker.of llotlloullorfc tltlr.Har. ! I'lorl-tallar. I'lorl-tallar. Cow.p.a (llollthei alaeaila.) The cow-pea la coming Into prominence promi-nence In the North aa well as llie Bouth aa a plant valuable for green manuring, A government report aay of It! There la no other crop which la planted ao extensively In the South, both for Its hay and Ita fertlllilnB value, and wo have found no other plant which will produce aa large an amount of forage and valuabl fertilising fertil-ising material In aa short a time, ll may bo aown at almost any time during dur-ing the summer, will grow on any soil except tbo most barren, and makee excellent ex-cellent hay and paature. Ita long deep roota bring a laig amount of plant food from the subsoil and leave It near the surface, where It Is avallablo for future crops. Thero are many varieties of the plant, which are quite different In their habit of growth. Some, like the Unknown ftnd the Clay, produce an Immense growth of vine, and require a Jong aeason, while others. Ilk ih "Pea of the llackwoods," are qulto dwarf and mature Irt two montha from planting. Seed of niot varlellea muat bo aown every year, though nf some,-like some,-like the lied Tory; the seed may b plowed under In tho fall, and the land aown In oats when another crop will I be produced after tho oata art harvest-I harvest-I cd.' When Von broadcast after wheat, I oata, or other early crop, the running sorts make a heavy yield of hay, I which, although sonlowhat difficult to cure. Is of the very best quality. Hay of this kind Is used almost exclusively to furnish forsgo for mule on the ugar planlatldns of !ulilana. Hy growing such 'a crop hay Is msde at a very small expense, and the soil Is shsded during the driest and hottest months, and left loose and mellow nnd In the beat possible condition for any future crop. It Is often desirable to plow under some green crop when It la Impossible to glvo up tho land fur tha two year necessary to grow a crop of red clover or mclllotus, and In such caaoa we havo no other plant which can tako the place of cow-pea. Many planter use the dwarf varieties for planting between the rows of corn or cotton at tho last plowing, a when grown In thla way they do not Interfere Inter-fere with the growing crop and will give a fair yield of seed. The decaying vine make a most excellent covering for the soil during the winter, or they may bo uaed for late pasture. Tha roota penetrate the aoll aa deeply aa those of red clover, a fad which makea the crop especially valuablo for heavy soils requiring re-quiring drainage. There Is no other crop which will furnish the same amount of material for plowing under at so small a cost. When land la not in use for other crops for even two months during the summer It will always al-ways pay well to seed ll with peas, as Ihe seed or forage which can bo gathered gath-ered will fully pay the cost of seeding and leave tbo fertilising value of the crop aa clear profit. Seed may be aown at any time from May to August, the amount per acre depekdlng upon the variety and time of sowing, If'one ol tho large varieties Is planted In hills early In the season two quarts will plant an acre, but It dwarf varieties are sown broadcast In August not less than a bushel should be used, HorlUull.r. In I'.aropo. Horticulture In Kurope Is much more Intensive than with us, aay Prof. N, C. Hansen In Iowa State Ileglster. Land Is very valuable and labor cheap; with us the conditions are reversed, Hence thla materially changes methods, meth-ods, and labor saving machinery Is the means by which we solvo the problem. prob-lem. Fruit tree In ISuropean nurseries nurser-ies are planted close together both waya so that cultivation by liorso power pow-er Is Impossible, Tree diggers are unknown. un-known. Everything, except plowing Is done by band. On some plots even Ibe horse Is banished and the ground Is prepared with a spade. Such moth ods of cultivation would of course be unprofitable on our cheaper lands In America. However, there Is a great deal of value to he learned In Kurope In tho horticultural lines. Extreme competition has weeded out inferior methods and appliances, and necessitate necessi-tate a wld'i awake spirit everywhere. Centuries of accumulated experience under the same conditions have settled set-tled a host of their horticultural problems, prob-lems, and tho beginner finds the path well marked and mapped out by bis predecessors. Here on our fertile prairies of the northwest the conditions condi-tions of the soil and climate are new to us, and tuoro problems confront us In all lines, llut these very problems make horticulture a fascinating study. Koslanil ll.-Klpotllo SI..U The London (Eng.) Times aays How greatly the times have altered Is shown by tha circumstance that last week witnessed the Inauguration of the export of fresh meat (froxen) from England to the Cape, the steamship Nineveh having token on board 1.00 quarters of Dowen (Queenaland) beef, and 2,000 carcasses of rtlvor Plate mutton, mut-ton, for conveyance to Cape Town. The most noteworthy feature of this transaction trans-action la that the meat could be purchased pur-chased In England at a much lower rate i than In the countries of production. Beef at 3Ud per lb and mutton at 24d , per lb free on board could not be sup plied In the Colonies, but was procured ' at home. Tied Netting and Peaches A Chicago correspondent of the Ilural New Yorker aays: To aay a baaket of peaches came from Michigan la equivalent to declaring declar-ing that It contains a lot of green, unwholesome un-wholesome fruit, topped with a handful of. .M'tc-slsed peaches and covered ' Jim ait at red netting to deceive and irj nobody bot tha paeksr. No body ,,, t M tnjr pr(e Th8 ,,,,,,, , l aDJ ot ewlltloua way of mak ing a b,,M uf p.h,., unwbl. to a tnicst customer la to cover It with red netlleg lle know, at a glance Just ' wna,lt tonialna Just a well as If he I nan ripped the stuff off and poured the peacbes on the ubie. The commission I man is kr f ho flnd, t pUrcha,cr ,t 10 cent per D,Bkf K for ,ucn frult Kren i retallui m nol mpoM lncir c,. w?'."i" twU fraudulent packagea. wnat oecomo, of tt. Italian vendtr of cheap fruit get hold of It and retail It from nan carta In the streeU and suburbs ct Chk-ago. They are about the oily kind of men who can dispose of It tlepuuno grocers and market-men market-men will a,t touch It, much of It goo. to the gsrtsie pile, condemned by our health o&cirs. That Seed Distribution -The government gov-ernment seeds, The Ilursl New Yorker "J " free seed distribution Is aa much o bugaboo as over. Secretary llson was inclined to distribute the seeds according to the original design, which ss to Import and dlstrlbuto now, rare and promising specialties. Ilut ths comptroller of the treasury ho decided U,,t tti0 Isnguage of the appropriation ap-propriation aa piwaed by congrcas la mandatory, and that tho only course left open, to tho secretary la to advertise adver-tise for seeds all put up ready fur die-trlbutloa, die-trlbutloa, ,nij tha commonest kind of seeds at that He can't even buy the sceilj and have them put up for die-trtbullca. die-trtbullca. The whole thing la a Mrce. Tho writer received some, pf theao seeds tb. put spring, sa ho ha 'for several yer, nnd among thorn were varieties grown by market gsrdeners for" the put forly years, llut tho system, sys-tem, muitticklo tho farmers, as It must please Us congressmen who think that they can buy tho farmers for a pinch of cabbage or onlou seed. Annuu Hinge on Forest Trees. In all the Umber trees of the temperate portion el our country tho wood of tbo stem Is laid on In sheets or laycra which, oa any cross section, appear na ao many concentric rlnga, Generally these rlnp are sufficiently well defined to be readily counted, and, alnce only one Is formed each growing season, they furnish a very convenient record of tho particular cross section, nnd, It properly chosen, of the age of tho tree. Viewing a crosa section of the stem of a pine, fir, cedar, etc , these concentric yearly rings appear aa alternate narrow nar-row bands or Hue of lighter darker color, the dark line, or "aummer wood," occupying tbo outer portion of any one ring nnd being sharply contrasted against tb lightest portion of tbo Inner, In-ner, lighter, or "spring wood," part of the next ring Foreign View of American Agrlcul- ture. The French delegate Monsieur Zolta, who Is Investigating American I agriculture. Is delighted with tha lu- lelllgence of American farmera and the great variety aid abundance of tbelr i farm stock and agricultural products. J He pralsca our agricultural achoola aa superior to those In France. He saya; "These schools are numerous and they are conducted in splendid buildings, with every convenience; that the apparatus ap-paratus for teaching the beat methods of dairy work, of slock, feeding, and of general farm economy are complete , and admlrabli. You spend ao much money on these schools, llut then you have It to spend, and we are comparatively compara-tively poor. I have received everywhere, every-where, from your minister of agriculture agricul-ture at Washington, Mr. Wilson, from your state offlcera, and from erery farmer I have met, the most obllrlng courtesy," Ex, Trees and Men. A single tree, according ac-cording lo a computation In Knowledge, Knowl-edge, Is able, through Ita leaves, to purify the air from tbo rarbonlo acid arising from tho respiration of a considerable con-siderable number of men, perhaps a dosen or oven a score. The volume of carbonic acid exhaled by a human be-, Ing In the course of twenty-four hours Is put at about 100 gallons; but by Ilousslngautl'a estimate, a single square yard of leaf surface, counting , both the upper and tho under sides of the leaves, can, under favorable clr- I cumatanccs, decomposa at least a gal-1 Ion of carbonic acid In a day. Ono hundred square yards of leaf-surfsra i then would suffice to keep the air pure ! for one man, but the leaves of a tree ; of moderate slsa present a surface of many hundred squaro yards. , Soiling or Pasturing There is no question In the minds of those who have tried It of the great savlog made hy the practice of soiling. Export-! menu recently made at the Michigan experiment station show that about I four times ox much food la obtained , from a meadow allowed to mature bay i as from a field pastured In soiling the I difference would probably not be so great, owing to the fact that the grass r peas, or alfalfa, or whajnver is grown for the purpose, Is cut beforo It fully matures, but even then from two to three time the number of animals can be supported hy lolling aa on pas-ture.-Ex. Strange Work of Lightning. The London Lancet reports ths remarkable case of the killing of Major Jameaon hy lightning In a Mi near (lulldford, on August ii. There was but a sin-, Ble fash and a clap of thunder. The victim waa found lying on his face, dead, with bis clothing torn to fragments frag-ments and scattered widely around him. i;ve i,i, undergarments were rent to ribbons and scattered over the ground. The soles of his boots were atrlppod off, bras eyelet bole were torn out, and nails forced from tbelr places. Kansas Dairy Products Of butlst made In families and factories In Kan- tho nggrogato reported Is S7,J11,T4 Pounds, being an Increase of 2,204 pound over the previous year's proa-, net, |