Show I of th D z o I c F Fa t a G p r rz ro t w Ri y w e w wes v t 3 4 s 's x r r On the left a striking r f If s of some ome of the fi 4 S d j tt f r deadly perils which prehistoric a ar tonic man had to face in hit hie ps t y F pia a struggle for existence I t oil rl Tr s i cA cAI d 0 qA f N s sArk Yf f i Wy Ark Y 0 k t 4 4 S M r e ar Gy t Gt t j fib s 4 a d j rf r r a 4 9 I 2 r I f F A r y y Thit figure f fh r 4 5 4 h shown hOWD at atthe 0 the Pari T t t Exposition rite hv 1 Ts Is the Supposed Ape Matt Either a Sad Mistake r d gives Dubois n or the Most lost Cruel of Jokes on Science A i id ea ea of f t h how w looked 6 a when he be roamed the earth centuries more ago d J man than Mf r y 4 w r a i ape but CZi till still not e Mfr a man r J including the Darwin Medal of the Royal Roal f k Society of London 4 8 4 t t Ne of this movement apparently b I i Al a 7 T rr reached ranched the ears of Dr Dubois for he be bes 1 Y o s a rw 9 wrote Dr Osborn inviting him to come i is s to Holland and examine missing I link bones as much as he wished A reconstruction ofa of a man of or thea the a tertiary period C has bas a puzzling mystery on SCIENCE k its hands hand and when i is cleared upi up u it may prove that for more than thirty years ears the world has ha been the victim of an even greater hoax than was played on it by Dr Cook in his alleged discovery of the th North Pole The Tho mystery concerns the bones of the man man ape which Dr Eugen Dubois a Dutch professor discovered in m the Island of Java in 1892 and which science hailed the the link link 1 as sought long-sought missing J strange creature that bridged the gap between man and tho the anthropoid apes I and strengthened the tho belief that men and monkeys sprang from the same like ape ancestry I Why has Dr Dubois for years kept the bones of the supposed missing link locked up in m a safe at his home horn in m Hol- Hol Holland Hol lIol- Holland land Why does doe he be guard them so jealously from anyee any c e except his own and per per- persistently persistently per refuse to let any scientist who pleases have havo an opportunity to stud study them The mystery is made all nil the deeper by bythe bythe bythe the fact that the treatise on the ape ape- man ape man which Dr Dubois completed in 1897 has never ne er been published Two years ears he h announced that he be h was not sat sat- satisfied satisfied sat satisfied with his first treatise and hada had a anew new one almost ready to turn over to the th printer but sCience has yet jet to see a copy of this work worb and there is ii no certainty certainty certainty as to when hen it if ever it will appear A Ay All this thi is very unlike the way the tho thoman theman thoman man of science usually behaves in re- re reW reis re regard W is gard to the discoveries he has made Itis Itis It is rare to find one who IS not eager to share every scrap of information he bo possesses with other scholars scholar Two different theories have been ad- ad advanced ad advanced to explain the extraordinary un- un unwillingness unwillingness un willingness of Dr Dubois Dubols to have the bones of the tho man ape-man brought out into the tho light of day and subjected to the th close clos study stu tudy y of the tb scientific world One On theory is that Dr Dubois is keep keep- keeping keeping keeping ing the bones carefully hidden from View as a result of the strong religious influences influences influences which have bave been brought to bear bearon bearon bearon on him The cause of religion it is said does docs not care to risk any further study of the remnants ofa of a creature whose hose existence ex- ex existence ex existence if it could be posItively established established would lend the strongest kind of support to sciences science's theor theory that the th origin ori- ori orKin ori origin gin Kin of man war wai qUite quit different from thatA that ow A I a which IS given in the thet theOld theOld t 4 Old Testa Testa- Testament Testament j 2 ment The other theory holds that Some of our prehistoric anc ancestors tors as recon recon- reconstructed 7 the bones strutted by Dr J H McGregor From CJ found by left to right the supposed missing musing link the the Neanderthal and the Cro Magnon Cro-Magnon Dr DuboIs A were not Magnon man tho those 8 e of ox the missing link at all but fragments of the skeletons of a man quite like those of to-day to and of a female orang orang- orangutan orangutan orangutan utan It is pointed out that the human skeleton and that of the utan orang-utan aro singularly so alike alike so much so 80 o that the natives of Java firmly believe this beast to bo be a degenerate form of human kind Either Dr Dubois was sas as honestly de- de deceived de deceived into thinking these the bones of ofa ofa ofa a creature about half man and half ape and has since realized his mistake or ho was a practical joker like Dr Cook and deliberately set out to his fel- fel fel scientists low-scientists and the rest of the world In either of these cases it is easy to see why he be would not care caro to have the bones exposed to the worlds world's orld's view and shy hy he might decide some day to destroy them It is considered rather significant that before scUm setting out for Java he announced pith a confidence unusual in a hard hard- headed hard haded t man of science that he was going to find the missing link And sure enough after nearly two years year of dig digging gong ging in m the fossil beds came word cord ord from him that he had found the bones of the very creature he went looking for If I it should be proved at tillS thus late day daytha tha that t the bones are not those of the missing link Unk it would be a staggering blow to the tho champions champion of the theory of mans man's evolution from the same ame ances ances- ancestry ancestry ancestry try as the monkey If It the th most vital link in the supposedly sup sup- supposedly sup unbreakable chain of e should prove to have been forged countless scientific books book and museum collections would would at once become becom worth worth- worthless worthies less leu ies For all aU recent studies of evo evo- evolution evolution evolution lution have hav been based on the belief that there ther lived ai a the end enu of cf tho the Pliocene Pliocene ocene period some centuries ago a creature which walked upright and was more like man than ape but still was not a man But science Is 1 determined to have the truth about this no matter how damaging damaging dam- dam aging fine it may be to the theories it has so carefully built r up A group of 1 leading American w scientists h has ha a e i r launched a movement movement move- move movement ment to induce or fr compel Dr Dubois DuC Dubois Du- Du C bois boil to bring tt Uc tie e bones out of his safe and 7 allow N them to be b placed f in some museum The aid of the United States Minister to Holland Holland Hol- Hol Hoiland land and of the F diplomatic representatives representatives of other countries there thre is hems being enlisted If the Dutch professor is able to resist the po erful pow erful pressure that will be brought to bear bar on him to clear up tho the mystery of the missing links link's locked up bones he will prove himself a man of stronger will power than the world often sees Dr Dubois now an elderly man holds a a professorship hip in the University of Amsterdam It was as in 1891 that he was asked by the Governor General Gel of Java to explore the fossil fields near the village vil- vil village vil village lage of Trim in the th interior of the island on behalf of the Netherlands In- In Indian In Indian dian government The excavations took about two years thighbone and ended in m the discovery ofa of a thigh bone the tho top of a skull and two teeth This was so 10 Dr Dubois Dubols declared and the scientific world belle belies ed all cen cen- cen- cen centuries centuries tunes had left of the man ape From these thesa four fragments ofa of a fossil fossil- fossilIzed fossil skeleton the doctor constructed a alife size life figure showing what ho believed the man ape-man to have hl ha looked like when he the tho earth long before the first glaciers swept slept S ept over prehistoric Europe This was exhibited at the th Paris Expo Expo- Exposition where it aroused world-wide world interest in- in interest in interest terest The figure was that of a nude nud crea crea- creature creature creature ture C G feet 6 G inches in height Accord Accord- E E 7 1 JW N f How human skulls vary k in h size and shape shape-A B fragment of the miss ing links link's skull B skull i of Neanderthal Neander Neander- thalman that thai man C D man D Rhodesian N man E 1 t Negro modern F J Kalmuck M Tartar F ing to Dr Dubois It was a creature creaturo could neither talk nor built bUild builta build a fire It walked almost if not quite as upright as we e w do and science named it Pithecanthropus Pithecanthropus Pithecanthropus Erectus In 1891 Dr Dubois gave his fellow fellow- scientists fellow scientists their first and only look at the fossil bones of the missing link at a meeting of the th British Association Association ion for forthe forthe forthe the Advancement of Science in London At this tune time plaster casts were taken of the teeth and the external part of the skull top The thigh bone was only pho photographed From that time on all precedent was was upset Dr Dubois instead of writing a treatise and placing the bones in m a museum mu- mu museum mu museum seum for the benefit of his colleagues took the fossils fossil wrapped them in cotton carried them to Holland H lland and locked them m in a safe in m Haarlem They Tiley are there thereto day to or or at least so Dr Dubois says Meantime reproductions or of the casts of the th skull top end and teeth and photo photo- photographs photographs photographs graphs of the thigh bone bon were being broadcast to scientists in every part of the world In New York the th entire head was built from the duplicate of the tha th sin sm- single sin single gle piece of bone Using the top of the skull as lIS a base Dr J II H McGregor of Columbia University sity city internationally kno known knon n expert in m t the e restoration of fossils made mado the skull of T Tji ji the man ape-man and from this built the head Careful measurement of the th cranial vault showed a new brain had been die dis- discovered dis discovered covered smaller than that of a man yet larger than the th brain of any ape It had occupied a space of about cubic centimeters while that of the tha ape ap never exceeds and mans man's average is be- be bet be between tween t 1600 1500 and 1600 Although he had only a photograph left from which to build Dr McGregor c continued his work and made a 8 cast of the thigh bone From this he be decided that the man ape walked upright was about 6 5 feet 6 inches tall and although he belonged more to man than then ape still was still was not a man The casts of the teeth t th were reproduced and studied here by another expert Wil- Wil Wilham Wil William ham liam K Gregory curator of the th depart depart- department department ment of comparative anatomy in m the American Museum of Natural lie He found a combination of man and beast and concluded the teeth and combine in a remarkable way human and ape characteristics While other scientists were studying the man ape-man Dr Dubois was not idle The interior of the skull cap which gives more details of what the th brain looked like was filled with rock Dr Dubois carefully removed this and made mad a plaster cast of the cranial vault This was examined by Elliot Smith British authority on brain bram strut truc tube tuie who announced the brain braID had bad been closer to that of a man than an ape Dr Dubois has always refused to ex- ex explain ex explain plain why he keeps the th fossils from the scientific world orld There is considerable doubt as to just who owns them Some say that they belong to the th Holland gov gov- government others thata that a religious organization organization has acquired title to them and still others that they thy are ar the property of Dy D Dubois A few months ago a quiet but very determined movement was started to have the th mans man's bones es put in a mu- mu museum mu museum seum where any scientist with proper credentials might examine them The Theman Theman man who started it is Dr Henry Fair Fair- Fairfield field Fair field Osborn the well known paleontologist paleontologist paleontologist gist president of the th American Museum of Natural History author of several books and recipient of many decorations t Dr Osborn however is unwilling to gratify his personal curiosity at the th et ee- ex expense pens pense of his scientists fellow-scientists Since these fossil remains are of ot such importance importance importance tance to science and since sine the expedition expedition tion that found them was financed by bythe bythe bythe the Netherlands Indian government he thinks a museum the th only proper place for them And he intends sparing no effort to have them put there But what if Dr Dubois confesses as many skeptics think he be h some som day will that it was all a mistake or a huge practical practical joke and that these are ar the th bones not of the missing link but of an ordinary ordinary ordinary nary man and a female utan orang-utan As year after year has gone gon by wIth Dr Dubois continuing to keep leep the th fossil bones hidden away and failing fading to pub pub- publish pub publish lish his long expected treatise on them the suspicion has bas grown that something som thing was wrong In France Franca a number of sCientists have hav lately had the he fh courage to hint that perhaps the th whole thing is isa isa a colossal joke What a blow this would be b to sCience can be seen from the th fact that since sine Dr Duboiss Dubois's alleged discovery of the miss ing links link's fossil remains in 1892 they have llave served as a standard for tor determining determining determining ing the age ag of every Cry other prehistoric skull that has been brought to light Only the other day cable dispatches from South Africa reported the th discovery discovery discovery ery at of a fossil human skull that is believed to be even older than the skull shull of what is known as the Gwan- Gwan Gwanda Gwanda Gwan-da Gwan da man found some som time timo ago in a Rho Rho- Rhodesian Rhodesian Rhodesian nine This new find has been sent to Sir Arthur Keith the English expert for r C comparison with reconstructions of the skulls of the tho th missing link the Neanderthal man and other of our supposed ancestors ancestor If the th fossil is really older than the th Gwanda man this discovery to ia toof of first-class first scientific importance and It may be that Sout South Africa will como come corn to tobe tobe tob be looked upon as one on of the th most Im- Im Important important im important of the the th birthplaces of the human n race C CIt CIt It was in 1921 1621 that Sir Arthur Keith reported on the extreme antiquity of the Gwanda skull Just then dug up in the Broken Hill mine in South Africa That fossil competes In age ag and interest wIth t G the famous Neanderthal and Mag Cro-Mag- non Mag non remains and with the th skull found in Sussex just before before the th war The Th English expert placed the th Gwanda man between the Neanderthal Neanderthal man maa and and link the mysterious missing I |