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Show INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL AIDS j UTAH'S BOYS AND GIRLS State Institution in Ogden Which Is Doing Excellent Work in Leading Way- 1 ward Children Into Useful Lines How the Students Are Trained mil the Different Departments Even the Boys Learn Housekeeping 1 Girls Taught to Care for the Home Military Discipline Does Much for I Youngsters Music Has Refining Influence. 1 The Departments. It is to call the attention of the nubile nub-ile to the work accomplished at the Industrial school th.lt this article Is written. It is remarkable how low, comparatively, understand what the i work Ib In a school of this kind. They do not know what it seeks to do for the child; -what course of instruction, is followed; and what results aro pained. It means to many only a place ot punishment, a term of reproach, re-proach, and the fact that one has been a student there leaves In the minds of too many a stigma that cannot be removed re-moved Yet If the schools are to accomplish ac-complish the work for which taey are established these wrong Ideas nuut be removed and public opinion changed. In re-forming the lives and characters at their charges by academic, vocational voca-tional and moral training, these-schools these-schools are accomplishing as worthy a work and are as much entitled to a. place amng tho educational forces of the world as are any institutions of learning. In order then that tho schools may accomplish the objects Tor which they are established, a better understanding understand-ing and appreciation of thorn must, come to exist among the citizens of the Etatc at large, not only those closely In touch with Juvenile work, but It is upon tho support and co-operation of all that the permanent results re-sults of the work rest. Academic. The Schools The fundamental aim of education is tho formation of character char-acter and the fitting of the child mentally, men-tally, moralb, physically and oca-tionally oca-tionally to live a life of usefulness in the world. An education that does not function along these lines does not rulrill its mission. Owing to tho varying conditions from which tho members of an institution come, he instruction given and trie methods used there must necessarily differ from that in public schools. One reason is that boys and girls coming here are generally, through lack of op-portunltj' op-portunltj' or truancy, away below grade and vary greatly in ability so that formal grading is hardly possible; and another reason Is that for most of IJom all the education and vocational voca-tional training the will recehc will bo that obtained in the short period of their stay here. But they must go forth prepared to make their way In tho world. They must have experience and responsibility as qualifications. Therefore a course of study where the vocational training is closely allied with tho academic is necessary and every lesson must have a distinct moral value as well. In Jho primary grades a tentative classification is made, although individual indi-vidual work is necessary. Lessons in English, spelling, rithmotic. reading and writing are all based as much as possible on the duties and experiences with which they are familiar. Studies of the lives of great men and women of the past and present, those who I have made our nation and those who are making civic, economic or moral betterment their life work are mado the basis of many talks, while the "Requirements for Good Citizenship" are used as-'subjects for discussion In tho grammar grades and night cchool the Instruction given Is largely large-ly individual and each one is allowed to pursue his - ork from the point whore he left It In the public school Geography and history are correlated, corre-lated, A general survey of the events of history aud the storr of tho in-i dustrial aud political conditions of the world are studied. Correct uso of business forms are taught. Phyal- ology and hygiene, the fundamental ) laws of health, aud first aid to the B injured are all considered. In arlth-R arlth-R metlc, problems involving work on H the farm are formed. The "roofing of the now barn, Hie flooring of the n hospital, plastering and painting, finding the area of tbc coment-slde-jj walks, the cost of tho cement floor 3 newly laid in the kitchen, all suggest problems that are of practical value. a Drawing and Handwork, For 1 training the eye and hand, for dovel-I dovel-I opment of the taste for and apprecia-t apprecia-t tlon of beauty of form and color, ;i freehand drawing, painting, and bas- Itetry are taught. Typo forms are tudled, designs mado, book covers, rketching from poees by the children, landscapes, everything that develops (4 tho skill of tho hand and the power of observation. Great interest Is ta-0 ta-0 ken in the braiding of raffia, the H making of doll hats, mats, and bas-ra bas-ra kets. Reed and raffia are used for M baskets In the higher grades. W Music. 2 Vocal. All students of child life y and development have long classed i bii mum ii i h iiMiiiMinr music among tho most important studies ns a means of reaching and i stimulating natures to which other studies do not appeal. As a softening soften-ing and refining iufluenclo in schools of this kind its value cannot be overestimated. over-estimated. Instruction is given in vocal music three times a week. In the girls' department three part singing is taught, much attention being be-ing given to correct phrasing, breathing, breath-ing, and modulation. One lesson a week in tho boys' department Is devoted de-voted to chorus work for all while other lessons are devoted to training a picked chorus in part singing. Physical Education Ono of the first essentials In n course of physical culture Is the establishing es-tablishing of habits of correct breathing. breath-ing. He who has acquired the habit of deep breathing has acqulvcd a weapon with vhlch to dofond himself from many ills and which will if persisted per-sisted in add materially to hia mental, men-tal, moral, and physical health As an aid in the cure of indlgostion, pleurisy and colds in various other forms It Is Invaluable. Therefore the first Instruction given Is that on breathing. Frcearm movements and dumb bell exercises for the symmetrical symmet-rical development of all muscles arc practiced constantly. Apparatus work on the horizontal and parallel bars, tho rings, ladders, and the horse are studied. Mat work is used also. Basketball teams aro organized and the present season have played some snappy games with teams from town. Baseball will be taken up shortly and It is expected that the teams organized organ-ized will be ablo to make as good a record as those In basketball have done. Talks on health, on the anatomy of the body, and kindred topics are given, giv-en, on the value of a fine physique as a fitting setting for a strong mind, and the obligation we are under to keep our bodies in the best possible condition that we may fulfil the work In life for which we are placed here. "Military Training. Working conjointly with physical culture for the boys' physical and mental improvement is the military training of the school A special need of most of the boys coming into the school Is physical development and general improvement improve-ment of health. Many have been victims vic-tims of the cignrotte aud other Injurious In-jurious habits and their health Is greatly undermined. Tho regular routine, good food, work, exerciso, and play coupled with the excellent military training soon show their good effects. The school Is divided into three companies, each of which has its cadet officers. Each company is drilled every day. Under the supervision su-pervision of tho drill master they aro put thiough the regular United States army manual of arms. They are also given Butts' rifle drill executed to music. In addition fancy anus arc given. Every morning throughout the summer they are glvon the army "setting up" exercises in the open air before breakfast The strict attention and prompt obedience necessary to the execution of tho commands in military training are excellent disclplino Tor these lads whose fallings arc disobedience and disregard or commands, and devolop mental alertuess and establish habits of concentration of thought. Housekeeping. Upon entering a girl is placed on the housework detail Hero she Is instructed in the care of the rooms, the proper way to sweep and dust, the polishing and oiling of woodwork and the cleaning of windows and bathrooms. bath-rooms. Her work Is caretully supervised super-vised and 'the importance of its being done neatly and thoroughly is emphasized, em-phasized, e At the end of three months she is given a place on the laundry detail Tlie laundry Is a woll equipped department de-partment with stationary tubs, hoc and cold water, washing machines, drying and Ironing room6. Proper methods of washing, starching and ironing are studied. Tho theorotical side of the instruction Is demonstrat-I demonstrat-I ed bv the practical application of It I to the laundrylng of tho girls' clothes and those- of the lndy "oflicers. Besides Be-sides this the ironing of the boys' shirts Is done here. The household linen Is sent to the oteam laundry in the boys'-department From tho laundry the irl goes to the kltchon and dining room details. The flrBt month she does the dishwashing dish-washing She is also Instructed In bjeadmaking (The domestic scionce course has only recently been open-od open-od so the girls a'c present In tho kltch- LiWi mmtMiiu in Ml" I1 ' ' I1 E' maHTTHMt IE en have not had previous Instruction ) Ig Tho second month she is in charge E of the vegetables, preparing them for T cooking She also helps with tho P preparation of tho meals. Her last & month she is "first girl" and has r general oversight of the work. Keeps the storeroom, sees to the preparation S of tho meals, makes desserts, and -oversees the setting of the dining j room tables and the serving of the j E food 1 1 Tho last detail for the girl is that , y of the sewing room. Here she does ; tho dressmaking for the famll She i makes the work dresses, aprons, unl- form waists, and underwear for her- lj fcolf and her companions She darns, i k patches and alters the clothing She) j makes curtains and household linon.l; mends and repairs the swrae I'pon t lea-vlng the school she Is entitled to ; two dresses, one for work and a bet- ler ono, aprons and undprwear which sho makes for herself, Her taste for fancy work is developed in her om- broidery and hemstitching When ; she leaves she is compctont to do all j ordinary plain sewing including shirt- waists and simple dresses j Housework. ' All the work of the boy's depart- mont is dono by the boys under the, supervision of matrons and other of-' ficers The sweoping and dusting. I care of offices, school rooms, dining 1 1 rooms and dormitories is done by 5 them In the same manner as by the girls In their department. fi It Ib not tho aim to make expert j I housekeepers of the boys, but the 1 1 tiainlng received in the careful icr- I formanco of theso household tasks has a distinct educational ak'c In j that it trains the eyo to bo more ob- I f servant and the hand more skillful I J i'or their work, it forms habits of C carefulness and neatness, and also creates an appreciation of well regu- ' lated and well-kept homes The abll-' j ! Ity to sweep, dust and arrange a room i correctly, to sot a table and givo proper service In waiting upon it, to 'make a bed properly, to cook a meal of appetizing, nourishing food, adds to the boy's power In all other lines j of work besides giving him a roallza- . tlon of the time and painstaking la-( bor that make up the daily life of his j mother and sisters. j When a boy first enters he Is gen- j erally given a place In tho house squad In some of the departments. He learns to sweep, dust and scrub, to wash windows, to arrange a room neartly. In the dining room he sets tables and serves tho meals. He cares for the pantry and realizes for the first time that thoro is a science in wash- ' j ling dishes so as to have clear glass- II I ware, shining silver, and china without with-out a blur of greaso on Its surface ! In the dormitory work he IcarnB that It takes skill to make a bed with good square corners and with pillows that hae a self-respocting appearance after af-ter having been well shaken up He discovers how many cracks and corners cor-ners there are In which dirt may hide, J but which never escape the eagle 03 c I of the matron j Cooking. The instruction received in the kitchen may be turned into a distinct monetary value, for there is always j a call for good men cooks, the wages are liberal, and ho who looks at it from an ethical standpoint as well as a financial ono has tho satisfaction of feeling that he is adding largely to the sum total of human happiness by tho ability to satisfy tho "inner man." ' Manual Training. The value of manual training, and by this term Is meant the work of all tho trades, lies In the fact that it Is j not alone tlicorotical but that tho theory Is applied to practical work from'tho first. This method has been found to bo much more effective than where the work done is practice work only. For Instance, If the class In masonry knows that its work is the laying of real walks or, floors, or the , carpcuters that the buildings they are . I working on are not to be torn down and the material used for other exer- I (cises. or the printer that their com- I 1 position is to go into the makeup of I j the magazine, it gives n greater value 1 1 to the work and an interest which Is not present when dono only for prac- tice. An added valuo is given to tho materials themsohes and more care must be taken not to waste them To "learn to do by doing" is the basic principal of all tho departments, l Handicrafts As a preliminary to j the trades the new handicrafts room 'will be of great value. The arts and I crafts have been given considerable 1 attention in past years jn conne'etion I ' (Continued on Page Ten ) M INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL AIDS UTAH'S BOYS 1 ID GIRLS flHi ' (Continued from Page Eight.) ni Qj n-ith tho carpentry department but n icparate department fitted for more ! fully training the younger boys will ji be established The aims of this de- HHj partment are to train the oyo and HH hand, to give vorbal and written cx- presslon of mental -concepts, and to JH give concrete arithmetical practice- 4EBj Woodwork, metal work (sheet jind Br ribbon), bookbinding, and beadwork S$B will form the course. Mechanical drawing and designing will be cor- Sel related with tho above. The princl- B9 pies of construction will be studied and no work constructed without the H pupil's having first made a comprc- flHU hensivc working drawing of tho same. BH The proper use of tools and the his- B tory of the origin of materials used H will be included In the work Printing A well equipped printing H office offers an opportunity to learn SQH a valuable trade. The boy who takes fl up this work begins with learning the cases. Following this Is taken up the point system, straight composition, job composition, form work, operation H of job presses, printing and making up, cylinder press work and all de- tails necessary to the, making of a competent printer. The artistic side H of the work Is emphasized and all work put out to the smallest job. has to attain to a certain standard of .merit. Laundry The steam laundn offers another chance for learning a re- munorative trade. It Is equipp! with H two large steam washers, a contrifu- gal for wringing, or rather, cxtract- ing tho water from the clothes, a H mangle and n steam dry room. The average number of pieces handled per H week Is about 2100, which gives ample QH experience in the work. The correct H processes of sorting, boiling, bleach- . 9 !cE bluening, and mangling arc taught Besides the laundrying of the H clothing it has to be sorted and dls- J trlbuted, the house linen to the vari- ifl oub departments, and tho boys' cloth- II Ing to separate compartments In the locker, each compartment having ft II boy's name and number. From this locker each boy receives his clean II clothes on bathing days KM Sewing Room From tho laundry- ing of the clothing one naturally goes Kj to the repairing of it- HI Tailor Shop The work of the tall- Mta or shop includes cleaning, presume, w nd repairing boys' and teachers' H clothing. An average of forty suits a month are renovated. Instruction is H also given in the making of boys' unl- H forms. Shoe Shop. fThe shoe shop gives m-H m-H structlon in half-soling and patching H It is needless to say that plenty of H1 practice Is found where there are po t H manv feet to wear out shoes. About (H sixty pairs a month are repaired Barberlng. Twice a week a compe-9 compe-9 tent barber viBits the school attend -ll l"5 to tho hoy8' needs In that diroc-II diroc-II tJOn and giving instruction to ooys mt who wish to follow that trade. ml Plumbing. Stcamfittlng, Etc. The i school Is equipped with its own wall wa-ll ter, irrigation and sewer systems, its Hj central heating plant, cold storage and HI Ice plant. ! Blacksmith Shop. This department Ic equipped with six forges and anvils and a generous supply of material for m the work. The boy is first given ex- H ercises In making simple forms in m iron and steel, practice work in weld H ing, the making of bolts, hooka, chain, Bhoes, clevises and anvil tools. In- Btruction In horseshoeing and general IK repair work is given the work for the farm ghing opportunity for the ap- plication of the Instruction. Carpentering. In the carpenter shop the student is taught first tho proper H use and care of tools, the operation of the various -machines, dressing of lumber, turning, 'Joining, cabinet mak- ing and other linos of work needed to fit him for his business. Tho shop M instruction is emphasized by the M erection of farm buildings and the H numerous house finishing Jobs always H to be done abont the school. H Masonry Plastering, Etc. In this W department are taught painting, kal- M sominlng, cement and concrete work. and bricklaying. During tho past year M the class has made eighteen hundred H running feet of five-foot cement oldc- H walks, steps and circular drive at the H girls' cottage totaling as much more, M and a new floor for the boys' kitch- H en. Tho same class, with the carpen- M tors, is engaged In renovating the Hi .girls' old cottage. Tho walls have been kalsomlncd, the woodwork paint - H ed and the new hardwood floors oiled and varnished. All of this work has Hj been of superior quality. uWi Horticulture. The course of in- H Btruction in horticulture includes work H in the greenhouse and general garden- H ing. The greenhouse work coneists- H of the study of soils and fertilizers, m the preparation of the soil, the prop- H agatlon of plants, making of cuttings, H and the potting and general care of Hl plants. HotbedH are made for the H raising of early vegetables and flow- H ers for transplanting. Outside work H consists of tho making of roads, the H making and care of lawns and flpwur H beds, transplanting of greenhou&o and H hothouse stock, the planting of eecda and gftthprlng and sorting of seeds when ripe. .ThQ Farm. The school farm con-( sists of some three hmdred acres of1 which one hundred and seventy .ire under cultivation, the rest being grazing graz-ing land. Twelve acres are in orchard trees of all varieties which furnl3h fruit for the boys' and offlcem' tables. The farm is undor the supervision ol experienced men who Insfrucl those boys who aro especially adapted to it or who express preference for the work, or those for whom an outdoor life will bo beneficial iMost boys enjoy en-joy life In the open and take an interest in-terest In working wltSi jcrowing things bo thore Is never a lack of farmers. Thorough and. practical instruction Is given In all kinds Of farm worlt, the preparation of the soli, Irrigation and drainage of tho land, the planting and cultivation of crops, and tho proper hanesttng of them. Vegetable gardening gar-dening Is given a prominent place x the work. Large quantities of alfalfa, alfal-fa, gra'ln, corn, fruit and vegetables are raised. Dairying and Stockrnlsng. A dairy herd of Holstelns provides milk for the institution and the boys learn the proper caro of these and tho methods of auqcessful dairying and stockralo-ing. stockralo-ing. ilorses, cattle, hogs and poultr of the farm. The Hospital. "All the ills that flesh are heir to" might easily be Imagined as oxistlus at all times where so many arc congregated con-gregated coming from all sorts and conditions of homes Such, however, is not true, the cases of illness bolng few compared with the number of students enrolled This is accounted for partly by Uio healthful regimen maintained and largely b tho skillful Attention given to incipient cases bj the school physician and the nurso, both of whom are of unusual abillu and experience, but there have been cases of such severity- as to tax their skill,' but they have been so skillfully handled that the patients hae bou restored to health. Margaret E. Oliver. |