Show 1932 SEES CHANGES IN WORLD governments spain and iraq most important nations affected washington removal ol 01 mandate restrictions from iraq and its erection into an independent state was one of the outstanding changes affecting the worlds world 3 family of nations during the past year accord ng to a bulletin from the national geographic soc ety s head quarters in washington among the other important changes listed in the summary are the creation of man the setting up of catalonia as an autonomous un t within the spanish republic and the granting of a constitution by the ling king of S am iraq Is the first of the group of mandated territories established to fol I 1 lowing the world war to graduate into the group of independent nations says the bulletin great britain gave up all of its special privileges as hold er of the mandate and the new state became a full fledged member of the league of nations following japanese occupation of ala manchuria that territory together with the province of dehol to the west was made into the state of man alan with pu YI onetime one time heir to the chinese empire as ruler west ern powers have not officially lecog nihed the new state catalonia given autonomy the granting of autonomy to cata lonia ionia made up of the four provinces of northeastern spain fulfilled the as which the Catalon Cat alonians lans have held for centuries the newly era em powered state has a unique status among tl e major divisions of the spanish republic it has its own pres ident parl ament cabinet and arid courts and will collect its own taxes foreign affairs however will remain under control of the central government at madrid after an almost bloodless revola alon during the past summer king of slam promised a con ution this new cl arter for the siamese was made public on novem her 19 in arabia no major changes in boundaries or sovereignties took place during the year but the Drin principal cipal state of the peninsula received a new name the country embrace ng all of central arabia and extend ng from the red sea to the pers an gulf for merly known as the kingdoms of the hegaz and was early in octo ber her given the title kingdom of saudi arab a ararat one of the most famous mountains in the world changed hands during 1932 the mountain was traded to turkey by persia in ex chare for a strip of territory along the turkish persian border to the south next to the fighting in manchuria the longest continued mil tary conflict during 1932 over boundaries or sov has been that in the gran chaco of south amer ca between bolivia and paraguay each contest ant demands that its title to this large region south of the center of the continent shall be recognized in late weeks spirited fighting has con linued along the string of forts which extends through the center of the chaco merry go round in chile since june I 1 chile has had five live changes in pres dints and for a time was ruled by a soc regime the changes have all been effected other than by elections but little fighting has occurred the latest armed contest over ter in south america began in au gust on the putumayo river one of V the headwater streams of the amazon system the d was in when peruvian citizens seized the town of leticia from colombia the okmun ty Is still in the hands of peruvians in the near east a dispute between syria and iraq over their common boundary line between the euphrates and tigris rivers was advanced toward solution by a report of the syro iraqi frontier commission to the league of nations recommending recommend ino a line which lay between those claimed by the two contestants A frontier contest which involved the operation of customs between france and switzerland was settled amicably by a decision of the court of international justice at the hague s Graven hage bage during june the decision was in favor of switzerland and operated to permit a free customs zone near geneva but in french territory france formally accepted the decision in september and ordered the with drapal of her customs officials from the zone work toward solution of the bound ary dispute between guate guatemala mala and honduras in central america was carried toward a decision by an arbi commission headed by chief justice hughes the united states atar department played an important part in this work by assigning army air corps flyers last summer to pre pare an aerial map of the d spited line the controversy between norway and denmark over portions of the east coast of greenland Is still under con by the court of internal lional justice at the hague |