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Show WAYS TO HANDLE CHILLED MOTORS Suggestions and Tips That Make It Easier to Start Car During Dur-ing Cold Weather. DIFFICULT TO START ENGINE Much Trouble Caused by Lack of Knowledge on Part of Driver as to What Takes Place Under Hood Other Causes. It Is not infrequent in cold weather to see cars being "towed In" to service stations because of difficulties of the motorist In getting the engine started. These difficulties In a great many Instances are due to lack of understanding under-standing on the part of the driver as to what takes place under the hood when endeavoring to start the motor. For the benefit of those motorists who have not yet learned precisely of the Influences of cold weather that retard the easy starting of the engine en-gine the following instruction has been obtained from an experienced service man. Causes of Difficulty. There are three main reasons for difficulty In starting the motor in cold weather: 1. Poor mixture of gas. 2. Reduced efficiency of battery. 3. Stiff motor (most frequently caused by lubricating oil that is too thick or viscous for winter use). An understanding of the changes brought about by a lower temperature tempera-ture on the carburetor, electrical equipment and oil will help overcome the difficulties of driving In all seasons. sea-sons. The functioning of the carburetor Is to vaporize the gasoline and mix ! It with on adequate proportion of air, j which, under compression, constitutes ! the explosive mixture. Heat and cold have very definite Influences on the carburetlon of gasoline. Gasoline Is a volatile liquid and easily vaporized under the Influence of heat, being less susceptible with a decrease In temperature. The gasoline gaso-line vapor Is just as easily reduced back to liquid form under the Influence Influ-ence of cold. Thus a cold Inrush of air through the carburetor will result re-sult in a very weak mixture of air and gasoline vapor. Therefore It follows fol-lows that the carburotor must be adjusted ad-justed to give a Btronger or richer mixture when starting the motor under un-der cold weather conditions. Battery Has Limitations. The only part of the electrical equipment influenced by the cold Is the battery, which provides both the power to rotate the starter ana the current which induces u spark at the plugs. When called upon to rotate the motor by means of the starter, the battery sets free nil its stored-up energy en-ergy to be used without restraint. However, even a havtery has Its limitations limi-tations and can only store up so much t'nergy. Furthermore, it Is true that with a lowering of the temperature the effectiveness ef-fectiveness of the storage battery decreases. de-creases. So It follows that In cold weather the starter is less able to do its work because of deriving less power from the battery than under normal weather conditions. Heat causes oil to become thin and low easily. Cold causes it to congeal ind become viscous or sticky. It is eadily susceptible to ?Itlier Influence. The moving parts of the motor are overed. with oil. which becomes concealed con-cealed if the motor Is left to stand idle at a low temperature. If It be cold enough the motor will literally become frozen. It is then that the starter Is called upon to perform its hardest work. Lubricating oils are obtainable in varying decrees of viscosity or thickness thick-ness at normal temperatures. They are -usually termed arctic, light, medium me-dium and heavy grades, arctic being the thinnest. It is the arctic grade of oil that Is recommended for use in cold weather. |