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' ' ' 11 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 3 6 7 8 9 10 11 3 4 3 6 7 8 9 13 16 17 18 19 20 21- 13 16 17 18 19 20 21 13 16 17 18 19 20 21 YZSVr VK ' . . 13 16 17 18 19 20 21 12 11 14 15 16 17 18 10 11 12 13 14 13 16 222324 23 26 2728 2223 24 23 26 27 28 22 23 24 23 26 27 M T'l 7!wVriTrt 1 1 1 I i I I I I I 22 23 24 23 26 27 28 19 20 21 22 23 24 23 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 a a 27 28 22 23 24 23 26 27 28 1 il l1' 29 30 31 26 27 28 29 30 .... 24 23 26 27 28 29 30 APRIL MAY JUNE (Pli WW' lul ' 5t " W T F S S M T W T F S s M T W T F 5 ) X M Vlljl ' APRIL MAY ' JUNE i.I.?.i!67 1234367 1234367 TXVXi U l J' SMTWTPS SMTWTFS SMTWTPS Jl 9 10 II U 13 14 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 iff X I 12 3 4 3 6 7 1 2 3 4 2 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 13 16 17 18 19 20 21. cJYY w I 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 "j S 7 8 9 10 11 3 4 "z 6 7 8 9 22232423262728 2223 24 232627 28 22232423262728 VoX(A I 13 16 17 18 19 20 21 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 10 11 12 13 14 13 16 5tVt A 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 19 20 21 22 23 24 23 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 wumK ' U 29 30 31 26 27 28 29 30 .... 24 23 26 27 28 29 30 leap day .s M T w T r s: Mj7 JS x i 2 3 4 j 6 7 rny a 'leapday June 29 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 f I If W I5I6 17 is 19 20 21 - J I Y7 yl . K The Secood Saturday June 30th 22 23 24 23 26 27 28 I yyfjjf l V JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER '1 YrfnllKK JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER S M T W T F S 5 M T W T PS S M T W T F S I V ' 11 MW S M T W T PS S M T W T F S S M T w T PS 1234367 1234367 1234367 K I 1 J 9 10 II 12 13 14 'J ' 7 8 9 10 it 'i 'i 'j 6 'i I I 8 9 10 U 12 13 14 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Vd J III , WW 13 16 17 18 19 20 21 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 10 II 12 13 14 15 16 15 16 17 18 19 20 2t 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 13 16 17 18 19 20 21 iy I I 22 23 24 23 26 27 28 19 20 21 22 23 24 23 17 16 19 20 21 22 23 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 j l TTjf I 29 30 31 26 27 28 29 30 .... 24 23 26 27 28 29 30 OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER IKA I fT Vl OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER SMTWTPS S M T W T PS S M T W T PS JW I 's M T V T P5 s' M T W T PS S M T w T PS 1234367 12 34367 1234567 f I , 1234367 1 2 3 4 i 2 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 I I 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 3 6 7 8 9 10 11 3 4 3 6 7 8 9 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 13 16 17 18 19 20 21 13 16 17 18 19 20 21 I I l X " 16 17 1S 19 20 21 13 13 " " 18 17 18 10 11 12 16 22 23 24 23 M 27 5JI 11 w M M w m -n -i m -n 1 1 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 422124Z3 26 27 2S 2223 24 25262728 2223 24 23262728 , l W 1 1 29 30 31 26 27 28 29 30 .. .. 24 23 26 27 28 29 30 YEARDAY I W x v Dccorf, 29 V JJ llU I A 'YEARDAY 7hul,nlla!inii,a,l,h,pm, Iv. illl I TSV The Second Saturday December 30tE o each new quarter (SH menttu) g Xl By ELMO sfcoTT WATSON ft NEW TEAR is at hanrj, bringing witn new prou'ems to be faced, new ideas to be consid- frYL ereti an(i new opportunities to , A be grasped or let slip. Will the Jnew year see definite steps tak-y tak-y V en toward the adoption of a new 7f TBi calendar, that schedule by which M mankind arranges his affairs? E5k Over in Geneva, Switzerland, ' fPtJ an international conference is being held under the auspices of the League of Nations to wrestle with the perplexing problem of calendar reform because it is felt that our present system of reckoning the clays of the year, with its annoying an-noying irregularities and its shifting days, has outlived its usefulness and is hampering human progress. This conference is participated in by representatives of both members and non-members of the League of Nations and should the representatives be able to agree on a new calendar, cal-endar, the next step will be the signing of a treaty which will require separate ratification by the different governments before the treaty becomes a law in each country. It is the hope of the proponents of calendar reform that such a treaty and its ratification be secured this year so that calendar revision may become effective on January 1, 1933, which falls on a Sunday. If this hope Is not realiz.ed calendar calen-dar reform probably will be delayed six years, for a new year does not start on a Sunday again until 10.19. So far, more than 185 proposals for calendar change have been submitted to the League of Nations but many of them are absurd on the face of them and others are too complicated or too revolutionary to have much chance for serious seri-ous consideration. From present appearances the contest between all the different proposals eeems to have simmered down to two plans and it is upon the merits of these two that the dele-pates dele-pates to the conference will pass In making their decision. One is the proposal for an international interna-tional fixed calendar, commonly referred to as the 13-month plan and the other is the world calendar, a revised 12-month plan. The 13-month plan is the device of Moses B. Cotsworth, an Englishman who made calendar revision a subject of his study for many years. During the Coolidge administration a national committee on calendar simplification was appointed ap-pointed at the request of the League of Nations Na-tions to Inquire Into American sentiment on calendar cal-endar reform. This committee, of which George Eastman, millionaire manufacturer of Rochester, Roches-ter, N. Y., Is chairman, made a survey and reported re-ported that "a large and representative body of American opinion" particularly the business interestsrecognizes in-terestsrecognizes the "grave defects" of the present calendar nnd "demands" a new calendar calen-dar preferably one of 13 months, although the committee does not recommend that the American Ameri-can delegates to the League of Nations conference confer-ence be committed to any one plan. Mr. Eastman has been the leading proponent in this country of the 13-month plnn which, to put it briefly, would Make every month consist of four weeks. Make every year consist of 13 months of 28 days each. The additional month should come between June and July and be called "SoL" Every year there will be one day left over and this is to be considered apart, possibly as a kind of international holiday. Every four years (leap year) there will be another an-other day to be disposed of in a similar manner. The proposal of this plan has brought forth the following arguments in its favor : All months have the same number of workdays, work-days, Saturdays and Sundays and are directly comparable. Each month has the same number of whole weeks. Fractions of weeks at month ends are eliminated. The shifting of week-day names to different dates in every succeeding year and month is avoided. The fixing of permanent dates for public pub-lic meetings, court sessions, educational schedules, sched-ules, etc., would be facilitated.. Periods of earning and spending would be coordinated co-ordinated ; family and business budgeting would be simplified. All months would be comparable without any adjustments being necessary for unequal number num-ber of days or weeks. Split-week payrolls would be avoided. A great amount of clerical work would be eliminated, and expense saved, in the preparation prepara-tion of accounting and statistical reports in business, government, scientific, health and home affairs. As there would be 13 monthly settlements during dur-ing the year there would be a faster turnover of money ; the same business could be handled with less money. Holidays would always occur on the same weekday. (For the Interest of both industry and workers, It has been advocated that, irrespective irre-spective of where the anniversary dates fall In the week, the holiday Itself be transferred to Monday, as now when It falls on Sunday, the anniversary dates not being changed.) The 13-month plan would revise the calendar scientifically, completely and permanently. The arguments which have been advanced against the 13-month calendar are these: The number 13 is not divisible by 2, 3, 4, or 6. The quarters of the 13-months year do not contain a whole number of months. There would be 13 business closings Instead of 12, Involving increased bookkeeping. In general, a greater number of adjustments in comparing past statistics and dates would be required than in the 12-month system. The Introduction of a year of 13 months implies im-plies comprehensive change in long established customs. Superstitious regard for Friday the 13th, oc-curing oc-curing every month, is difficult to overcome. It interrupts, once a year and twice in leap years, the regular occurrence of the 7th day Sunday Sun-day or Sabbath day of rest. There would be complications and expense Involved In-volved In calendar change. ( Believing that the international! fixed calendar, or the 13-month plan, is too extreme for nation al and international adoption, a group of Americans Amer-icans organized as the World Calendar association, associa-tion, have offered the world calendar plan, a revised 12-month device. In its behalf they advance ad-vance these 12 points: 1. The world calendar regulates the 12-month year. It is balanced in structure, perpetual in i form. 2. All holidays are stabilized and placed on Monday whenever possible. Christmas remains the same as it naturally falls on Monday, December De-cember 25th. 8. Religious customs are respected and upheld up-held with Easter falling regularly on an established estab-lished date. 4. Astronomical conditions are recognized. It acknowledges the importance of the solar year over the lunar cycles. 5. The quarterly divisions of the year conform con-form to the four seasons as they do now. This is importnnt for agriculture and certain seasonable season-able businesses. 6. The 12 months are multiples of halves and quarters. The equal quarters consist of 3 months; the first month has 31 days; the remaining re-maining two have 30 days. These quarters also comprise 13 weeks or 91 days, of which 18 days are Sundays and 78 are week days. Each month has 26 week days. Sunday is always the first day of the week, whereby the continuity of the week is maintained. 7. The odd 3C5th day of the year Is interpolated between December and January ; the 3GGth day of Leap year Is set between June and July. These days are known as Tear day and Leap day and have a week-day name, Saturday. They fall on the second day of the double Saturday, the last day of December and June. Year day and Leap day are designated as the second Saturday, Sat-urday, December 30th, and the second Saturday, June 30th, with the year-date following. 8. January 1st and July 1st fall on Sunday, the first day of the week, and "wandering" Sunday Sun-day is avoided. A regular rest day every week Is vital for the welfare of humanity. 9. Only seven days are changed. Two days, the 29th and 30th in February, are added; the 31st day of March is taken away ; to April Is given a 31st day; the 31st days of May and August are eliminated; and the seventh day, the 31st day of December, Is converted to Year day, an extra day, the second Saturday, December Decem-ber 30th. 10. The 12-month calendar Is an economic saving; It does not add to existing expenses; neither does it call for an increase in labor. A chance of injustice through unnecessary fractions frac-tions is avoided. All phases of living are not subordinated to commerce. 11. This calendar, which Is regular In Its system, sys-tem, contains a certain variety within each quarter quar-ter division of the year. Thus It avoids the cut-and-dried method of a fixed, mechanical plan by giving It a flexible regularity. This gives life to its structure. 12. In the world calendar the revisions are few; there are no drastic reforms; and the transition Into the new order is made easy by the retention of the twelve months. ((3 by Wpitern Newspaper Union.) |
