Show Sed ft One Hund e eRio c dt b S1 S 2 1 2 in Y N. N ag i yr r fi MX i r Rio In Its Valleys Among Towering Peaks I I I I I I Prepared by the National Geographic Society Washington ton D. D C. C Just as the t United lt d States tates celebrated with an exposition in 1876 the completion completion comple comple- tion of the first century of Its Independence independence Inde inde- so Brazil will celebrate next September her first centenary as a ana nation nation na na- tion by means of a great world fair full in Rio Itlo de Janeiro It Is an nn occasion and und a ceremony mony which the people of the United States are particularly well fitted to understand understand under under- stand and appreciate In u a number of or wa ways s Brazil stands where the United States stood 16 46 years ears ago though Inmany in inmany many ninny others of COUl course e this neighbor to the south equipped ped with modern machinery machiner and assisted by y modern methods Is far In advance of the United States States of Brazil Is much more than one of pf I Ithe the South American republics In Inarea area it is In a l class clas with the United I States Its flag nag floats over practically one half of South America Amelica and anil one- one fifth of the western hemisphere hemispheres Leaving Leav Leay In ing Alaska out nut of consideration Brazil Is actually square miles greater great great- er than the United States It has b boundaries of greater or less length en th in common with er e every other country In south America except Ecuador and antI Chile Tile The land boundary of Brazil following all the of and and mountain ranges is pro probably a l not far from miles long and there Utere Is s a coastline of miles as well The largest river rI in the world tremendous potential water power and huge depo deposits de der po posits of minerals are among some of th the other ph physical features that mar mark Brazil out for big things It Is p particularly In the possession of ot vast vust undeveloped resources resources that Brazil Is comparable to t time the le United States of half a century centuri ago go It too has Its Us West but It is a n West strikingly different front the plains country countr of central North America The equator equa tor crosses northern Brazil and md more mor than tenths nine-tenths of the huge lunge country countr lies within the tropics Brazils Brazil's West consists for the most part o of a a dense den e tropical forest forest forest-A A veritable ocean of verdure verdure- rl h In hard aril woods and al rut rut- rub rub- b her ber f t trees ep t Into l this li largely ly uld J aped country stretches the broad A Amazon Ama mar marion ion zon and nd Its tributaries up which ocean vessels stearn steam for 1000 miles miles miles-as is thou though h ocean steamers in our om own country could steam stem up the Mississippi and Ohio pa pat past t Cincinnati River ti steamers ascend the main streams for far another 1000 miles and and- run up humorous numerous nu nr tributaries for several sc lion him died Time The possession n of this great Amazon waterway and Its network net net- wor work of tributaries greatly cheapens transportation In Brazil In with a country In lu which dependence must be he placed larl largely ly on railroads Heart of Brazil Is Southeast In addition to its northern rn tUI forests ts Brazil ha has a prairie country in ln its Middle lIddle West West the the south central 1 po pt- potion lion ion of the count country lying hing north o ur of t lm ar- ar anti and extending northward into the hill country Large herds of or cattle cat cut cattle tle tic are UIe grazed and und there Is room room- fur for great expansion of ui the tic Industry The southeastern ed edge e of Bra Brazil ru JI iJ parL par paradoxically par par- L is th the e heart of the clue coun oun try Py The rite white population Jl rill probably between and anti 1000 U Is largely h conc concentrated in time the th region re rev gion Ilon of or t temperate climate In inthe the south south- era ern coastal hl highlands I n which extend t In- In t lO J on This re on In in- chides S the the states of J nIO Grande do Sol Santa mina Sao n Ia pa PaSo o o. o Rio Hlo de the Janeiro Es Ps petito Santo and Minus Minas sJ I Northward along the coa coast t Is black bolt belt wl where r negro nebro ex- ex slaves ex-slaves an and their ea dunt dare Ire mare nore numerous l' l than Hum es where In in the he Inland e alte Indians n ni many nj of ot them Brazil t re lon along ulong th then that South Smith Atlantic Last coast Is tIC the region to tok C k which manufacturing Jl i enterprise e I. I Is co I. I to largely ju Just was our out own North Atlantic coast ja a a half cen cen tug fur OA ct lUCt IIII only u an un n unimportant part In th the coun country's try's t S' S life e but Lut textile factories tan tan- and meat ment packing plants us well fell us as various other industrial estan- estan are on the increase This portion of Brazils Brazil's map Is peppered with cities and towns lovns and und Is covered covered- with Ith a n close cruse nt network of ot railroads Its It ItIs Is s In this climatically delightful re re- sion of f Brazil tinT h s developed theo the chief l coffee Industry country's o coffee cotrel grow crow row In Ing Thousands of square mites miles moo are covered by the orchards of trees which make Brazil the foremost coffee cotTee pro pro- country In the world I I Brazil Is not backward In railroad construction having miles of ot track Yet so vast is the lie country that railway construction se set serums ms barely be be- gun Brazil has yet jet et to build Its transcontinental transcontinental trans trans- continental lines With u It single exception exception ex ex- the railroads are confined to a abelt abelt belt helt along the coast oust from flom to miles deep The exception is the lie road extending from the port of Santos miles westward to Porto Esperanca on the time Paraguay river rl Rio de Janeiro capital of Brazil In ht which the exposition celebrating the centenary of or Brazilian independence Is to fo be 1 held field el has a population between a million and a n million and a a half and andIs Is therefore one of the greatest CI of cit cit cit- ies les It shares s rou roughly with Vienna Osaka Peking and Calcutta tho rank of tenth city of tl the world In InS Sc South S America It t is surpassed l In size only h by nl n Aires Ires Set In a series of tE t valleys s backed and all but encircled tied cled by mountain like hills clad In a ariot ariot riot liot of tropical vegetation and with a n harbor at Its Its' feet Rio de Is s' s one of ot the most beautiful ful many ful many travelers lers assert the most beautiful beautiful of of the cities of the world Mans Man's nn hand has helped nature In bringing bringing bring bring- In ing about this Broad bottle boute yards rim the deep crescents of the harbor harbor r i and nd the the rough pI picturesque ures ue adJoining ad- ad Joining coast one of the most famous o or at botanical gard gardens ns has has been cr created i and avenues a are acre lined b by bey towering palms while stately buildings s are set setIn set setIn setin In spacious parks As multicolored and varied d. d In b beauty aut as m the butterflies of the tropics tropics trop trap ics I Is the characterization of one fine recent re re-i cent visitor to the metropolis of Bra Bra- rn zil zit In splendor of hue and setting this great city of the South is unrivaled un un- rivaled the world over Here granite peak Ink and turquoise sea tropic forest and rainbow tinted rainbow town meet and harmonize e. e This Thais city of hire lure terraces s up froma from fromn froma a n glorious bay the bay a the athe the Bay Day of G encircled mountain l lc beje From the sh shore re where parks and boulevards ar are fast fust crowding cUng out the theold theold old Rio Uio of narrow streets rise forested hills hills on whose slopes the lovelier loyell r portion pox por tion of the time city lies es Rio Seen Seen From the Mountains To 10 u see s-ee Rio Hio at Its best and loveliest lo on one must go to these mountains that tower over OCl the cit city Turning bayward one looks down through a frame of ot tangled haled vines and branches s onto the tops tree tops or of the sloping virgin forest Far r below set In verdure gleams the he heIm Im kaleidoscopic eldo cIt city with ith its crescent shores In numerous crescents crescents the creaming sea meets the the beaches beaches- Formosa Santa Lapa Gloria Flamingo o. o Botafogo 1 The Theba ba bay set In its its- amphitheater of hills sparkles like hike a sapphire To o and fro among the ships at anchor ply the busy busy- bu r ill wheel paddle heel terr ferry boats boats to the Islands a and ld to t the lIt little le sister r city across II acro s th the wa way In the distance dig dis- tance e JoWel Hie spires s pf the flie Organ mountains c aad one le on titanic granite mountains rising sheer from the sea There is Babylonia Baby Baby- nb Ionia lonia and nd lint topped Hat tt like a it great sail unfurled Between them lie Rios Rio's suburban b bc Lene hes hes Le ip Cap Cap- in In a n glistening chain ln their white villas nestling between Vee et hill and amI shore The Avenida A which connects conne them themis Is is equaled qua led only by boulevards along the Mediterranean On One can motor from r ml the city to I these readies beaches and und on to ov over r n a a. a new road rond cut in time the ro rook rock k hIgh above o the sea sea climb to the divide at at nt TIJuca IJu n and drop down own on nn the tine hay bay side of or the ran range to his ills starting place In the the- city a n rw forty t o r re S f or more Avenida Rio Grande Rios Rio's finest th rOI was wad hand after after after- the city had attained practically Its present extent In 1004 It was as decided ed to carve carn this thus greit great mo modern ern avenue out outi i n of f the city over GOO COO homes being sac sac- v t Tho Thu- avenue e more than a mile IT in length and so wl wide e that it consists 01 of two tWI distinct boulevards separated Eby b by n Q row of shade trees Is day da and antI night with automobiles les I Tire The sidewalks the widest the traveler tra Is likely to find In n nil all his travels 4 are pf l lJ I stones laid Il Jn In mosaic os lc designs those In hn vogue In Lisbon Both Iloth stones stone and workmen were brought from Portugal hut but p pavements constructed con can strutted Inter later In other part Darts of th the city are come made |