Show IID t V I 7 IT ll 0 9 4 yf o M View of Santiago Chile Prepared reo t by the National Geographic So Washington D. D C C. Chile whose diplomats are In conference conference con con- ference In Washington with those of ot Peru In an nn effort to solve sol the Tacna Arica problem might be called the time South American California It is long an and narrow nn and Its region of greatest development tlc and antI population populations Is s a great rent rich valley with low mountains moun talus separating It from the coast and find with a steep snowcap snow capped tI range towerIng towering towering tow tow- ering above e It to the cast enst Chile is the longest and narrowest of all nil the countries of the world It stretches 2700 miles from Cape Horn to the deserts eserts of Tarapaca and Tacna within the tropics Its width Is rarely rarely rarely rare rare- ly more than miles from the time ocean to the Andean crest If It we were to place It upon a similar stretch of coast coastin in North America it would cover er Lower Low Low- er California California Ore Oregon on Washington and ond British Columbia to the St. St Elias Ellas district ct of ot Alaska Chile Is divided dl into three sections b by the natural features of ot the time Pacific slope of time tile Andes The Time northern Is that of the sent arid an and desert esert region region region re re- gion which reaches from Peru southward southward south south- war ward to Valparaiso It Is an nn utter desert desert des dt's ert In the north and becomes less In Inhospitable inhospitable In- In hOSIt hospitable blo toward towar the south It is traversed from the Hie Andes to the coast b by short deep valleys separated by hI h spurs of the mountains and communication communication com i from north to south has always been exceedingly difficult Nevertheless Nevertheless Nev Nev- Nevertheless Nevi i the Chilean engineers found I Ia a route by which to extend the state railway a which links Puerto Montt in ina inn a n latitude comparable ft lI that of r NewYork New New- NewYork ew I Ia York 1011 with Pisagua In the territories e conquered from Peru which h has a lat lat- tude comparable le to that of Mexico City Heart of the Country The central section of or Chile extends through nine degrees degrees' of latitude e forn for fl dl distarce tar ce of about GOO COO 1 hilles from Valparaiso Valparaiso Val Val- paraiso to the Ule Island Islan of Chime south of Puerto Montt Th rims Th's s Is the heart of f Chile time the only portion of the coin coin- tI try which an tan a U sufficient population population pop pop- population to con constitute a tuition nation Time The area urca is not large e a about out square riles and much of It Is occupied by mountain ranges at ot great height un und and rugged i lint Hut between the time then Andes n es and th time the oust range rane there extends In this section u It valley similar to tu that of California which Is the scat sent of lIf time the Chilean pee peo le Many rivers rising i in the Andes mend to it and amid meander more or 01 orens ess ens directly westward tin tin-ou through im the time coast coust range of the Pacific but hut the Intervening Intervening In In- divides hides are nowhere of oC such altitude as us to Interrupt the time continuity of oC the great vane valley that extends from north to south Si Santiago Is situated at its northern end and anti flourishing cities are located at nt each elch favorable point on time the railway roll that connects the capital with Puerto Puerto Montt The Time climate ns as we go lcm north to south becomes ever more humid and amid W we pass from the time Irrigated lands about Santiago to the dense forest swamps of or the southern portion of the district While much of the laud land has he-en he cleared or is In the process of clearing In n a state which one of our own Pacific coast const 30 years ago ngo other othera a rc n remain Impenetrable forests forces still sUB unexplored after nearly years eur eurof of occupation of f the time country Time The third thIr section of Chile extending southward from Puerto Montt through h 4 14 de degrees tes of latitude e lc to Cape Horn Is like our OUI southern Alaskan coast a coast a I stretch of Islands and peu sulas broken brok brok- en by Imy Intricate chanu channels Is mid and profound fiords that penetrate fat far into the time land laud Tumultuous rivers descend from the time Andes and debouch Into the fiord fior In swampy deltas which are covered with dense forests fore The Time The large Inre Island of or which was twos conquered by hy Valdivia before cole the time middle of the time Sixteenth century is well populated pOll and amid occupies a position with reference to the more frequented northern coast coust similar to that which Vancouver er Island holds to San Sun Fran Fran- cisco Isamu Farther south the population op Ot very very lY scanty glaciers descend de tie from front tj g flenn heights height and he garage but majestic scenery celery ce er of th channel anil an the Straits n 0 o. o f J lIun suggests that of the Inland passage and anti Lynn canal of ot the Alas I Ikan kart kan coast const When Chile Expanded It Is the extreme northern portion of Chile as shown by the maps that thatis is now the center of ot Interest Chile did not always have a length of 2700 miles Until the last quarter of the past century the northern boundary of ot the the country fell teU more than miles short of ot Its present position North of It BoUvIa owned a coastal strip miles or more Iii length and Perus Peru's southern border extended some soma miles farther south than It does toda to to- da day All An of or this region which now forms the northernmost miles mUes of Chile was considered of 01 little worth nn and much of It had not been explored When extensive nitrate deposits discovered ere In the Bolivian were portion portion portion por por- tion of the time coastal strip In the sixties there was a rush like that to California's Califor Califon nia's nias gold fiel fields s In 1849 1840 A large proportion proportion proportion pro pro- portion of the newcomers were Chil Chil- eans Friction arose between Chilean mining companies an and Bolivian tax collectors and finally In 1879 1870 war broke out between Chile nn and Bolivia Peru was drawn In as ns an nn nIl ally of Bolivia Bolivia Bo Do- livia and the three cornered war ran on for several se years ems At Its Us conclusion conclusion conclusion con con- Chile was completely victorious vIctorIous victor vIctor- ious an and extended her boundaries at atthe atthe atthe the expense of the two vanquished countries Bolivia became the SwU of America In a 3 double sense It is not only perched high among mountains but by the time loss of or Its PacIfIc Pacific Pa Pa- provinces It became completely lan landlocked etl This mountain country country has hns attempted In recent years ears to buy from Chile a corridor to the sea Since the time war of ot the Pacific as ns It was called Peru Ieru has had toward Chile the relations which Ital Italy held toward Austria in hen the lute late Nineteenth m and I early carl Twentieth centuries Tacna and Arlen Arica have constituted its Peru Irre Irre- denta lenta and n nIl all Its len leaders ers have hn dreamed of restoring the lost lust proy inces 1 Chile has profited greatly by 11 the war of the Pacific Out of the time former Peruvian lan province of Tarapaca and the time former Bolivian pro pro- I wince vince of Atacama now the Chilean Antofagasta hn have havo been taken since the war ir nitrates worth many millions of dollars und and much remains to be extracted Valuable deposits of nitrate nitrate ni nl ni- ni have come Conte to light too in Tacna since the war var Time The export tax on nitrates nl ni supplies nearly three fourths of ot the income of the government Incidentally Inci Inci- dentally In Tacna Is one of or the Ule few I areas along this desert portion of oC the coast capable of producing crops and the section Is therefore of great strategic strategic strate strate- gic ic value These are some sonic of the complex com plex factors which make time the Tacna Tacna- Arica problem much more than a n mere question whether n a plebiscite shall be beheld beheld held to assign n the re region ion permanently to either Peru or OI Chile Santiago the Capital Santiago Is the time chief city It of Chile but not In Iu the same degree as Buenos BuenosAires BuenosAires Aires Is of the Argentine republic Buenos Aires has hus become almost the time republic Itself in the sense that Paris Purls Parisis is France but Santiago Is but the capital capital cap cup ital of the country t 1 which has hns other cities that may compare with It In local local lo lo- cal al Importance hu Santiago contrasts with Buenos Aires as liS the time conservative ntA capital of a small country countr with the me of the continent You feel Inthe in inthe the Chilean capital the conservative character tel of the time people In Buenos BuenosAires BuenosAires Aires the liberal spirit of time tile w world city Valdivia end and his successors th the In tn Invaders of ot Chile In the S cen century century tm tury were wrens soldiers bent surely solely on conquest con com quest such as time thc they had taken part In InIn InIn inin In Peru Ieru for immediate gala gain when whereas ns the time colonists who In successive e expeditions cUt lOlls founded Buenos Aires came with wires wl and ond children with horses mares immures and Implements of hu husbandry to settle setUp In In the time land Thus there was wasa a n marked difference between Chile and Argentina from the he beginning The Tate fh warring of Chile met and amid mingled with a warlike Indian race the time and their Issue Is A question question- n lle m st lade Indo Independent ft pendent the time boldest the most n mm DC rr fres 1 s sIve Ive Vl of or S South uth American people people-a. |