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Show TIMES DEMAi t MU BARNS Poorly Constructed Live-Stock: Shelters Out of Date. DAIRY ANIMALS REQUIRE CARE' Money That la Expended for Better Structures Is Well Invested Truest Tru-est Economy When Building Is to Build Well. By WILLIAM A. RADFORD. Mr. William A. Radford will answer quostlons and irlve advice FREE OF1' COST on all subjects pertaining to the subject of building work on the farm, for tho readers of this paper. On account of( his wide experience as Editor, Author and. Manufacturer, he Is, without doubt, the highest authority on all these subjects.; Address all inquiries to William A. Radford, Rad-ford, No, 1S27 Prairie avenue, Chicago, 111., and only inclose two-cent stamp for reply. Time was In the history of American farms when a barn was merely a poor-' ly constructed shelter for the farm live stock and some of the feed needed need-ed to maltaln the animals throughout' the winter months. No particular at-! tention was paid to the needs of the' animals other than a roof over their1 heads and walls to break the winter' winds. Cows housed In these strrjc tures were cold and a great percentage percent-age of the feed they consumed was used up to maintain the,required body1 heat, and little went to produce milk.: Horses were not neededlf or farm work In winter, so they were put on light feed, and when spring came were In poor condition for the heavy work of that season. Study of the live-stock Industry showed that this type of poorly con- j .A'ljiniiiii.u' the barn arc twin silos, v hirh hold enough feed to cr.rry the animals through the winter and supply sup-ply ihriii wiili fresh, chopped corn, or other cnsikiu'i' ; on the mow Hour there is plenty of mom to store the hay or oilier roughage and the bedding the animals need to make them comfortable. comfort-able. This barn is what is known as a "gamlirel-roof," denoting the broken roof lilies that give it an attractive exterior. ex-terior. It is of frame construction, set on a concrete foundation and has ,a concrete lloor in the stable. The stable floor, of course, Is the 'most important. How this lloor is di-fvided di-fvided for horses and cows, and how the stalls are arranged are shown by ;the floor plan that accompanies the exterior view. It will be noted that a isolid wall with a door in the center i divides the horses from the cows. This imcthod of construction is required by i law in some states, as the ammonia ifumes from the horse stable are likely to contaminate the milk. In the horse stable there are nine single stalls, and a room for the harness. The stalls ;face a center alleyway, over which Is ,a carrier run on a track that is used to transport feed to the mangers. This 'track extends to the rear of the stalls. SO that the carrier may be used to take out manure. About two-thirds of the stable floor is devoted to the dairy stable. It will be seen by the plan .that there are 14 stalls in each row .facing the feeding alley, besides four 'large box stalls for calves and bull. The dotted line on the plan shows the I run of the carrier track, which extends to the feed room that connects the i silos with the barn. This arrangement permits the silage to be thrown down In the feed room, loaded into the carrier car-rier and transported directly to the mangers. The small circles at the stall heads denote drinking cups, which are connected with the farm water-pressure system and keep water continually before the animals, the water being turned on and shut off automatically by the pressure of the noses of the cows on a valve. V i ' I? I' I - feTi t 4 ' r J- tJHeAfctfy-Y H "fT7x jT 7 in IrtrttAtiff kffttK Allly.J, 3Ji u JL' 1 I 4. I' i 1 1 n T (5IU0 WSILO) structed farm building was expenslvo., It proved that when dairy animals are' kept In a weather-proof building the milk flow greatly Increases during the cold weather. Better buildings demonstrated demon-strated that there were means of not, only keeping the anmials more healthy und productive, but of doing the work necessary In caring for the live stock' more easily and In less time. Step. by step the design of barns was Improved, Im-proved, until barn architecture became be-came so Important that It attracted the attention of the architectural profession, pro-fession, and an Intensive study of the needs of the live stock and the farm owner has brought about standard architectural ar-chitectural practices In barn designing. design-ing. The modem barn, like the modern home, Is built with two Ideas uppermost upper-most ; comfort and conveniences comfort com-fort for the animals that are to live In It, and convenience for the men who care for the animals. Modern barns are constructed of good materials materi-als and are put up In first-class workmanlike work-manlike manner; they are provided with systems of ventilation that keep the air In the stnbles pure, but eliminate elim-inate drafts; they are equipped with; labor-saving fixtures, such as steel stanchions that do not accumulate dirt and filth, water cups that supply fresh water at the stall heads continuously ; Utter carriers that eliminate the unpleasant un-pleasant oh of removing manure ; feed trucks that carry the feed to the mangers. A good example of the modern dairy and horse barn Is shown In the accompanying ac-companying Illustration. This bnrn Is of about the right size to accommodate accommo-date the live stock horses and dairy cows that are found on the average farm In the Middle West. It is 124 feet long and 33 feet wide, and is divided di-vided Into two stables, one to accommodate accom-modate nine horses and the other to house 28 cows, their calves and a bull. I A comparison "of this barn with ,those In use twenty or thirty years ;ago, and the structures found on too :many American farms today, will give a good Idea of the progress In barn i construction and equipment. Dirty, dark, cold and drafty structures are I expensive because they cut down production pro-duction and Increase labor cost, while ;the modern barns Increase production and cut labor costs.. ! It Is economy when building to build -well. That Is especially true of barns (that are to house live stock and their ifeed. Every farmer who needs a new 'building of this type should bear these facts In mind. Auntie Not an Old Maid. Aunt Mary Is now twenty-five, and her married brothers twit her about her single state. They also tell her that since she has had her last birth- ;day she is an old maid. This both she and her adoring five-year-old niece 'Jean deny. The other night one of Aunt Mary's admirers called, and little Jean was made a member of the party. Naturally Natu-rally she was more in love with auntie . than ever, and when the young man laughingly called her an old maid Jean loyally sprang to the rescue. "Xo, she ain't an old maid neither," she denied. "Teacher says any one Isn't as long as they roll their stockings stock-ings down over their knees." And the subject was Immediately changed. Indianapolis News. Brilliant Stars. The brilliant star Splca Is 13,000 times as bright as the sun, while .C'anopus, a very bright star In the south polar sky, Is 55,000 times as bright as the sun. Splca and Cano-pus Cano-pus are both about 500 light years from us. To express their distance In miles, one would write down three and add fifteen ciphers. |