Show u RANCH AND BANGE RANGE the science of irrigation D 01 JOEL reh Iru gation IH is all c custom alt lt its it is it science sti i enee ence lins illig but begun begill the united it uia nas irn wed ti ed many mail ago in tit china india and F 3 it it mail old oll banals in tit india testify to he the 0 tic t kunii ers it estoni of supplying thi boil boll with moisture for growing L to ps on tho the little island of 0 co ion lon ar art it t leant 5 u ancient reser voir of mariom dimension and traces of extensive canals mid later lib ilk threading tho the entire we bl area arta bince the british have bane had 1181 of the island many of these thes oliaNe hav bektore bei n restored stored at tit great ept ox pt nhit ie is that abo abo WO anve luen by the go govern ermint iii lit tit in thi thu 4 bork of rution ration tho the pra tito ane of un gation began in this country countr 3 by the 11 mormon onnon who first fettled in salt Lak ealley tit 1817 it learned fit n ill tho the native indians who in ill heir crude maniar mad ditches by running crooked sticks along the surface and tin flaming ining the water along lu to cut lut itri its own att A a from hat that inhuming irrigation han has been dt eloped to IN it present partial stage of perfection in tit california the belt nc lie for sulli it ia is has not the ideal of perfection ft A liili lin li mill bu be attai attained ind within the imst emst quarter of a coutur datura water lint ini belaine an nit appurtenance to land and its from lio the price of 81 23 m re to more than 1000 per at aire re in ill aulne accord ing to tho the tonsils figures of 1890 alio av fi rt cost of ater rights in the united beates is 8 15 per arl a rl and tho the ai rage early maintenance teti once cost ie is per acre one miners inch of water equal to the amount that would flow through a square inch lola hole under a pressure of four inches in depth is 19 sufficient to irrigate from five fine to acris acri o 0 s varying aLcor according diug to tho the nature attire ti of the boil soil and diversity of tilts would mal alto about nine little tin minute nute ous flo and would be sufficient of over one half of an at inch let every twenty four hour hours usually from one lothree to three irrigation gure are given each season to ordinary crops this is generally applied ba b hooding the surface sur faLo training the water in heinall furrows or bv by soaking soa liing in bas basins insor or seepage or percolation from large canals or still volumes of water probably the most perfect id is known as sub irrigation thia this bas not been exten birely practiced because of the coet cost and the failures of some soine more careless irn gators in putting in the plants sub irrigation cousis consists ts in carrying arr ying the water in pi pee or tiling to the desired spot and por permitting it to gra gradually duall pei colato through email small openings to the roots of the planta plants and trees io no water is permitted to reach the surface and hua moisture is applied to the roots direct neit nett to good boil soil an unfailing source of water ater supply i iq essential to farming under irnia t ti n water sern ea es the double purpose e i furnishing moisture to the crop and carrying fertility to the land ite its application at the proper time an and in the correct quantity insures full returns of tho the so 11 1 strength the products are larger the it specimens pe chimeng are better awl and the quality is superior to anything produced in the rainy regions without irrigation tue tuo fortunate eor of u good irrigation plant has a home and independence within his grasp even eien though the jana may be poor and broan A water supply may be obtained in ill an any country from springs cr creeks eela rivers lakes or froin from underground sources the water r 14 conducted to the land by gravity canala canals made to carry large enough volume to permit of seepage and ev apora tion and still furnish enough to irrigate the area to be cultivated A flow of one second loot or one cubic foot per second of time con tenuously will carr cany sufficient water for acres la in constructing canals it IA is necessary to calculate the probable evaporation and see page 1 ints reckoned as high sone one third that will be lost bc be ts ancen en the point of disei siou and the place of thin v anee however with the nature of tha oil soil and the width find depth of ef the ditch A wide shallow anal will lose more than a de jep dep p narrow narro 4 one jf J abo tb A ba h V I 1 it ie it low more water v will ill bo absorbed thin th in in a canal of greatt r louty canala canals may be he made in the alleys alles ou on the hillsides hil leiden or aeu tunnels through hille bills or mountains mounta nw ahe uniform glade gia docan all iw iwo maintained lit in low loa places b by fills and ravines can bo be crossed liy or pipes suitable for measuring ho the atil ati L in and out find the canals froin from floods t lan all be made of flood and provided with sliding gates gatea to be bo locked when not needed IN boxes aro are mado made to properly giago the capacity of str Lanis and canals and apportion he the amount of nater to each owner it is a mistake to suppose that irria irrigation tion is arni and arid ad isa ble only in the th arid rul regions irn gation o 0 in is stained ItA ined to tin tho ersal nit ans of auppl ing mom turp turk i it to fruits tind conniry in tit all of the its it adan tire so numerous and find the r re of ith itt lir practice actie tite so absolu absolutely tily certain that the farmers fari of the rain belt states must sooner u or adopt it as tin the certain method of ne so curing curin more and better crops irrigation is i the engilis ilis natural o 0 enger it returns the poked 1 elements of fertility lit to the soil boll poisons are taken up nud and in solution lution Wj in the curth beiji ath the surface the fill sub soil beonies bec onitH cs a storage battery front hith the life heat and ulois turf ture are tire drawn dran by tha process of capillary attraction hero bore a per felt irrigation astern ay stem prevails the rains are aught caught in the inaina mains and and arid b by the furrow furrows the watt r is rl distributed throughout About the boil foil irrigation Irn pation is not a substitute for rain but a louw cotier Nor of the earths moi moisture sturt whether fit st cured from rains or applied b by artificial channels ranch and range notes thin posited eara cars with thick hair inside large largo thin nostrils plenty ot of beadth between ones and ears tine are marks of an intelligent horse there I 1 is curtly a growing demand for good mutton farmers are slowly lowly learning that it is always tit tf most prout tiDie high grade grado of sheep rooth biake a camp andexl and excel el kilt food for swine bleet potatoes beets a lm carrota carrots pea nuts et ett are tire hard to betat either in loni lenience or econom eco noni that wasteful habit of burning the threshed sarna on oil a hanest field that once prevailed to a considerable extent haa has happily disappeared almost entill cream churned before it is properly ripened will not make as well flavored d butter as if allowed ii to stand the proper time and it will tako longer to cliburn it in keeping sheep on the farm it is 18 best to make a sort of all purpose busi nem selling wool mutton and lambs as circumstances circum indi cate ate the ranch ranchman nian can call make a specia specialty lt of wool or mutton in lin idling stock stok care ie is as important as feed and thia tills is one thing the stockman ot or farmer doea does not have to buy or earn by hard labor he ile haa has as much always on oil hand BS as he needs if he be will only use it the watchword ni 41 marketing block of any nort sort should bo be isef yell earl early and often it has been demonstrated that he fie earlier food animals or fowls can be 10 made ready for market and rold sold the greater ie Is the profit ei eer er farmer should know fh h tall t ell devices whether patented u it addled or given freely frely away to wake make butter come in half the rhual time are humbling good butter cannot be made in double quick time |