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Show Tf THE CHAIR OF ST. PE-fEU Long List of Distinguished Churchmen Who Ha.velWorn the Triple Tievrev FLeign of Pope Pius IX the I Longest in History, i I Pope Leo XIII., the 263d successor Qt St. Peter, Joachim Pecci, was born j at Carpineto in the diocese of Anagni . m March 2, 1810; ordained priest on Jec. 31, 1837; consecrated Titular Archbishop of Damietta on- Feb. 17, 1843; transferred to the see of Perugia on Jan. 19, 1846; proclaimed Cardinal on Dec. 19, 1853; elected Pope on Feb. 20, and crowned on March 3, 1878. The history of the popes shows that of the long line 195 have been Italians; Syrians, 7; Greeks, 15; Africans, 3; in 524, was a widower when he entered en-tered holy orders. He had a son called Silverius who succeeded him as Pope in 537. Silverius was martyred and both father and son are venerated as saints. Victor III. had also been married before ascending the throne; and so had Clement IV. He had two daughters and when his wife died he became a Carthusian monk. There are two instances In which brothers succeeded each other. The first is that of Stephen III., elected in 752. i ma Sunday and Pi e Gregory I., the Great", 590, introduc the ceremony of putting ashes on ' te head on Ash Wednesday. Linus t St. Peter's successor, suc-cessor, prohibited ' jmen from entering enter-ing a church witht tacovered heads. Pope Vltalianus, ab t 659, introduced organs in churches, a Ie is said to have been a talented mus Man. Pope dement, dem-ent, 93, is believed tl.be the author of the canon of the m.i's. Zephyrinus, 205, ordained that chalices chal-ices should be made only of gold or 4 : i : lbui i fa BASILICA OF ST. PETER'S. Spaniards, 4; French, 14; Burgun-Iians, Burgun-Iians, 2; Germans, 6; Saxons, 2; Bavarians, Ba-varians, 4; English, 1, and Belgian, 1. The nationality of the others is not well established. The religious orders supplied about eventy popes to the throne. The Benedictines have given thirty; the Carthusians two; the Carmelites two; . be. Pomificcns four,aud.th9 Augus- 'tinians and Franciscans many. Numerous Nu-merous popes were members of royal and noble families, but many poor men have reached the tiara also. St. Peter was a fisherman. Adrian IV., the only Englishman who held the throne, was the son of a woman who begged alms at the door of her parish church. Urban Ur-ban IV. was the son of a poor Frenchman. French-man. The parents of Celestine V. were in very humble circumstances. So were those of Benedict II., an Italian Dominican, "and also those of Nicholas V. The father of Adrian VL was a ship carpenter, of Sixtus V. a farm laborer and of Pius V. a shepherd. shep-herd. Gregory XI., 1276, died within a few hours of his election; Stephanus II. was pope for only three days; Urban VII. for twelve; Boniface VI. for fifteen; fif-teen; Celestine IV. for seventeen; Si-einius, Si-einius, Theodorus II., Damasus II., Pius HI. and Marcellus II. for twenty; Val-entinus Val-entinus for thirty and Leo XI. for twenty-five. Pope Hormisdas, who was elected He reigned five years and was succeeded succeed-ed by his brother Paul I. The latter was canonized. The other case is that of Benedict VIII., elected in 1012 and succeeded twelve years after by his brother John XX., who was pope for nearly ten years. Benedict III., 855, was f"" to assume the title J'VfcaoTStTPe" er." In the thirteenth century, however, how-ever, this was changed to the present style, "Vicar of Christ." The usage of kissing the cross on the pope's slipper, which still obtains, was introduced in-troduced in 772 by Adrian I. The first pope to change his name on election was Sergius II., 844. John has been the name most frequently adopted. There have been 23 Johns, 13 Innocents, Inno-cents, 14 Benedicts, 16 Gregories, 14 Clements, 13 Leos, '9 Piuses and 8 Alexanders.- Pope Cletus, the third pope, adopted the salutation since used: "Salutem et Apostolicam Benediction-em" Benediction-em" health and apostolic benediction. benedic-tion. Clement V., 1305, was the first pope to remove his residence from Rome to Avignon. Th exile lasted seventy years and for se;en popes. The longest long-est interregnum between the death of one pope and the coronation of his successor was three years, after the death of Clement IV., in 1270. Pope Telesphorus, 142, ordained that Lent should begin on Septuagesi- silver, and Eusebius,) 309, prohibited the use -of any fabric but white linen for corporals the covering of the chalice during mass. Marcellus, 304, introduced the rites of burial with lights and the chanting of psalms. John XXII., 1316, established the usage of ringing the "Angelas" bell. Mel-c Mel-c hiadjesprohibltedfa.3.. y-on p lay. Anicetus introduced the clerical tonsure ton-sure and Pelagius II., the sixty-fifth pope, established the law that all clerics shall recite the seven canonical hours, or "breviary," daily. Gregory IX. prescribed the little bell that rings at the time of the elevation of the host at the mass. Vigilius ordered that the words of the consecration of the mass should be said silently. Gregory XI., who died in 1378, was the last French pope. Clement VII. excommunicated Henry VIII. of England Eng-land for usurping the title, "Head of the Church." Alexander VI., the famous fa-mous Borgia, whose reputation present day historians are rehabilitating, was pope when CrlumEus " discovered America. Alexander III. abolished tilts and tournaments in Europe. Paul IV., 1555-59, instituted the "Index of Prohibited Pro-hibited Books" e.nd the tribunal of the Inquisition. His successor, Pius FV. established the "Montes Pietatis," or official pawnshops Boniface V. granted grant-ed the right of sanctuary to all persons per-sons flying for satty to a church. --Cv. x ... . - - 1 U THE GARDENS OF THE VATICAN. |