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Show Harvesting the ilrpard by lh Nations! Oorphle So-cluy, So-cluy, Wuhlnsten. I). C ) On the gentle sloping hillsides of the jnrthern portion of n single stnte of the great Brazilian republic there nro mine 700,000,000 coffee trees. Here in the famous rich, red soil (terra rossn), under extraordinarily favorable ilimntlc conditions, the stute of Sno Paulo Is producing annually closo to three-quarters of the world's total :oITee crop. Smnll wonder It Is that this stnte ranks so high In the mini-Der mini-Der und In the character of Its popu-'atlon; popu-'atlon; In. the development of Its railroads; rail-roads; In Its general commercial nnd ndustrlal activity. Smnll wonder is It thnt the city of Sao Paulo Is so full jf .life nnd energy; that Santos has be-ome be-ome so famous a port, that the Santos locks and the Sno Paulo railway attract at-tract so many visitors. Coffee Is the ualn'iprlng of nil this development, "offee Is the prevailing topic of con-rcrsntlon. con-rcrsntlon. Coffee Is tho key to the Snnnclnl situation. Coffee Is king. As a famous watcrfuU, or nn Immense Im-mense steel plnnt, or n grent forest, or t wonderful view attracts tho traveler, io this remarkable Hrnzlllnn coffee district dis-trict has a fasclnntlon nil Its own for the "glolw-trotter," or for the more leisurely traveler who seeks to know something more definite nbout our South American neighbors; or, more pnrtlculnrly, for nny one to whom man's achievements In changing the fnce of nnture by making the enrth produce whnt ho needs nnd what he Snds profitable ore a source of satis faction nnd Inspiration. Journey of Great Interest. The heart of he coffee country enn !e reached In less limn three weeks from New York. The voyage to nnd from Hlo Jnuelro Is a delight which :onnot full to satisfy even those who ire not naturally lovers of the sen. Whnt can be more Ideal for nny one aim Is tired out with tho weur nnd tear of n busy life than tlmt voyage of two weeks from New York to Hlo, over tho cnlm sens nud under the bright skies of the topics? From, Hlo tie Janeiro a Journey of ihout eight hours takes the traveler across the coast range of mountiilns (Serrn do Mnr) and nlong the vnlley of the Purnliyhii river to the city of Sao Paulo, which lies In a position of immense ndvuntnge to Its commercial development. From the city of Sao Pnulo the heart of the coffee country Is reached In a short dny's Journey ilong one of the linos of railroad which jo In a northerly or northwesterly direction di-rection ncross the open enmpos or through the scutterlng woodlands. In about two hours after leaving the Mty of Sno Pnulo the traveler heglni to see the first considerable i-otTeo plantations, and from thnt time on the Journey Is one of the greutest Interest. In-terest. Coffee is t rrywnem Miles md miles of coffee trees stretch nvmy op i and down the gentle slopes of the rolling topography, often ns far ns tho syo can see great broad waves of ?recn, with tho narrow lines of the red toll showing In marked contrast with the green of tho leaves. It In a sight .yiilch Is not soon forgotten. Here nud ihcre nre unnll patches of forest which lave not yet been destroyed to make way for the coffee. And then there ome grent stretches of rugged grass-' lands, partly used for grazing purposes. r locnlly for farming, where the sol is not right for the ennvo . Charm of the Fazendas. On the lower slopes of the hills or n the lowlands, standing out In narked contrast with the green cofTee :reo, are the white buildings of the .uzendns-sreut, wbatuntl-l stone and itucco manor houses, with wide erandas und large windows, surround-td surround-td hy Burden, nlle(, HW, IL nnmi. and orange, and mango rces-Jwwteni.lv. rces-Jwwteni.lv. outbuildings, for ,e ttnbles und for the machinery. for the iiborers nnd for the upcrliiuiilem. be-ig be-ig placet! nt n respectful JUtance from tho mnnor houso. All these Brazilian fnzendaa hnV0 u jecullnr charm-un nppeuruna. of solidarity, of comfort, of peace, and of prosperity-ns they 0 there, sur-rounded sur-rounded by the wealth of their coffee trees, with cattle grazing on the neigh-oorlng neigh-oorlng fields, and with ever-busy ic. turesquc Italian laborers curing for tho precious crop, whoso market prices iro quoted dally In nil the Important papers throughout the civilized world Tim coffee trees on a Brazlllun plan-atlon plan-atlon begin to Ujar la Uvu two to i Coffee Crop. itotoS four years nfter they have been Bse n moved from the nurseries, where ti. m grow Itv. wicker baskets, under k7i. B1" ' Tho fruit, when ripe, Is red, ,3 ' Bcmbles n smnll cherry, or cranbtm sssT " In general nppeurnnce. The coJ B which we see in the grocery store b Mr"' tho seed of this coffee berry. Hr 0' Normally each berry contolM t M're, seeds, flnt on one side nnd rounded H?;? tho other, the flnt sides being tojether Ifi Tho seeds nre Imbedded In A sticky B!j whitish pulp, nnd ure further uq! Wf selves surrounded by two envelope Kin Beforo the coffee bean can be put ?.. upon tho market the older conr& .,., tho pulp, nnd the two Inner covento Km must be removed. It Is customary EZ Classify tho methods of preparing To? Km I feo for innrkct Into the wet and ftt H, dry. They nre nllke, nfter a certain Kt t stage, and ihe're Is disagreement mjohj Krm experts ns to tho relntive merits of the Ktl b two In producing the best cofTee. h Hud, the dry process the berries are dried Kml before the pulp Is removed, nnd then Kmi outer covering, pulp, nnd Inner cover- K'oi Ings ore removed together. In the wet Btrlt process the pulp Is first removed la Kt wnter, and tho drying and removal of Kooi the Inner envelopes come later. There H bat Is no absolutely hnrd nnd fait rule, la- Kfce I vnrlubly followed on nil fazendit Brtc nllke, In the preparation for market of Hot o the coffee benns. Km A considerable wnter supply and a H-cnrcftilty H-cnrcftilty planned system of until H-190 cnnnls und of bnslns Is needed In tie Hlnr wet method, nnd It Is partly for thli HmI( renson, ui8 well ns because of the HrD" preference of some fuzemlelroi for Bio i ,1110 dry method, thnt the wet method Hrlh Is not everywhere In use. Hits Harvest Lasts Several Months. Ni The harvest begins In May nnd lasts Bn" Into August, or even September. This W ? Is the dry season, so thnt the weather V " conditions nre very fnvornble, notonlj for the harvest lUelf, hut for (Irrlof M und transporting tho crop after It has been gathered. In picking the coffee, tho boughs nro pulled down with thi BL left hnnd nnd held nt the outer end, BV while the right hnnd Is run nlong the B bough from tho buse to the tip, thus Br stripping off the berries us welt as H mnny leaves nnd twigs. For the up- M1U per branches rude step-ladders are BJ usetl. Mv Tho usual method of harvesting is H, to let the berries, twigs, etc., fall dl- B, t rectly on tho ground, where they are Kt t luter raked togejjicr with wire rascs U with rounded ttth, und the first rough , sorting is iuutle.wTlie next stuge l Hhli winnowing by mound of u wire sieve, HV , (he bund being used to pick out the m twigs nud leaves und the wind blow- K, lug nwny n good deal of the dust as M the contents of the sieve ure thrown pW uji Into tho ulr nnd cuught again aev Su erul times. In n less common method , the results of tho hum-stlng are ! ai lowed tn fall Into cotton cloths spread H , out underneath (he trees. This tuskei iho gntlicriiiK of thu crop quicker. The ( berries uru then assembled In sacka. BV'i From tills point on the berries are t f objected to vnrlous mechnnlcnl treat- V uionts. Under the "wet method" the are wnshed, churned with hoes, ' Bft lowed to soften, nnd are (hen ruu M through u mechanical pulper. The " feeds, still enveloped by their Inner skins, ure strained from the "mu resulting from the pulpin operation, V nnd ure then placed In bnslns to fer- V ment sllchtlv so thnt any remalnlW V pulp will bo loosened. The ure (hen sprend out on lurgo pined surface io W dry In the huh. When properly dried , V the seeds nre gathered up "(l '"I1 H through Ingenious machines which ruli off tho skin. The particles of skin are m sifted ntui blown out and the col" BJ benns hulled, denned und sorted fall directly from the lust machine law M the hngs, When these contain 1- pounds ench they nre sewed up nd nre ready for shipment to market. Along tho roads, deep In red dust, lx or eight yoke of oxen draw the nenvy wngon, loaded with the precious M sacks, to the nearest railroad station- m In cases where the railroad does no coine directly Into the fazcmlii, a often does, ' Off to the south go the trains, "' to the city of Sno Paulo, nnd then h down tho steop eastern slopes of te Serrn do Mar to the world's fatiioc m coffee port. rsln Suntos, coffee now- B lutely dominates the lives of the peo- Pie. Coffee is every w here on lJ streets, In the warehouses, on tf train. Every one la busy with con" |
