Show L T UTAH EXPLORERS MAKE RARE DISCOVERiES IN PUEBLOS OF THE MOQUI J J BY Dr N. N M M. JUDD Cave e S Springs Utah Auf Aug 8 Over Overgrown with possibly grown grown rown with sa sagebrush found cedar tree are arc and there thern a ero h tl Utah seine sontO of the rarest jn in southern Recent xea excava- o or the Moui pueblos things pf pC d some have disclosed I chief among to scientists Interest theory of tho the tho lie dispelling 1 i huC being people occupied the tho priests of oC th the tho that Unit that ox- ox of or the rooms In ono one the tho kiva at nl work In d b by tho the party found now tho the skulls s sN was 1 San fian Juan county and ono one of a child chili Tho The N- N of r f two adults priest been a have o child chUd could not ancient vil- vil of the ob ner A A. casual would scarcely Sec sel ago of t the D Dill Til oC rocks wi with mor e 1114 r indi of a Wall wall row hoW and then bo mistaken for tiO mIght cn these thing g Even The rho only or of ledge a outcropping would woul ho bo bothe would attract and aud that of oC potter the abundance ance About tho may aio bits of flint well fiS as the tho broad as the ful to the tho thoi bc plant JO 50 useful leafed yucca i Oer O'er n Huir l. l Walk nJ 1 pass l trails trail ovon evon sheep and Of oC oCr ow paths curioUs of most find over oVet some somo ono may fiftY In some Bome found have ruins ruins- r horses the range runge day sun while front from the tho noon colored liz liz- all run thi of the thet ov over r Jt it the tho only InhabitantS Inhabitant r i aras rs i poW now e discovered t once nce things thine s t 1 among mon th the I 15 One on 0 of the largest Utah or of Tho 1 kiva 3 is 11 ono found Six ns kivas yet of tho I rooms TOoms scion scion- the Hie Ea to tho Idea ot of accordIng to Moqui of oC the tho d the soul degrees wafted The first three rest resi kl kiva life lite a. a the the final were inferior but the was the olIfe to the tho ltha kiva room It was tio tho J tho of his n nG work the c excavation fourth lo starting the to nn an an angle lIn run alola common commenced a wall to and thel branched broncho ot off 10 this J i IO r I i ir r the lie side Bide walls wails and in tune time u a l home Is exposed to view Time und antI the ele- ele monts have o packed Into the tho rooms debris that would almost make male ono one think that a a. pile driver had done donI tho the work It Is almost us IlM solid l at as rock roel Sr r Ancient nt 1 lurk The rho shape of ot tho th tl rooms tooms Is la nearly square and the tho walls average crage about lIve five feet feel The Tho construction is 15 of oC sandstone sandstone sand sand- stone stono blocks Mocks held together with mud muti while III In the tho mortared spaces largo bits of or stone stano havo have been forced into lato tho adobe In places the tho ancient marl marks s of or those lingers and knuckles that did dill tho the work can be scon In the I walls aro are also small holes boles showing allowing where pegs were placed In times gono gone b by found In ono one corner of or a L room can be bo the e status on tho the wall cail all Indicating where a lL lire e place enco had bad been Then In sonic some places a a. low tender rail surrounds surrounds sur stir rounds the place Tho The firo pit was waR I unusually below tho level ol of tho the floor lOOI I thought of but usually this was not until tho the floor had beon been made like lIko the tho houses It Is 18 supposed that of tho modern Pueblo Indians th tho entrances en entrances en- en s to tu tho the rooms of or a Moqui homo home trances floors ot of tim tho trap trat doors In too tilt wore vero directly above Tho reason for rooms In Ju this belief is because tho the openings openinG's tho walls are aro exceptionally rare Floors Were ere The construction of ot tho the floors i Interesting feature The Tho another nother floors v re mado mUllo by filling tilling tholow tholow tho tIm ground with not nol by levelIng leveling level level- places pl low off the surface Nearly always Ing ng nero built on tho the floors and tho tIm mud tires burned until It reached the tho hard- hard hardnesS hardness brick ness or of coMIng of t the o room was built buill Tho cedar beams reaching rel from wall vali valito unon upon wan wall Across thc these beams a layer to mil It cedar was spread and at right ot of to that a n second layer of wll- wll w. w This formed a a. protection until untila low r a room vas waa added above Then a blanket of reeds was laid across the tho I willows willow und the whole covered wit with willi witha willia a 3 two Inch coating of ur adobe mud mu which was burned burnell as on tho time ground floor In this way t-ay tho UHf floors and coil cell In of oC the rooms were constructed cO l All 11 Are Arc tIRe lIk Should you ou excavate a a. dozen rooms r oms you Ou would Und timid them all very much similar to the tho first In i they will vIli agree as Tho difference If sr any an will bo be boIn boIn In iii tim Iho e of apartments Ono One room may havo have live JIve walls wails or It mCl may be built to nt fit It a u. defect def ct In the UIO previous room No general plan phil could have ha been drawn up as the outside lines ot of a a. pueblo are aro not at all t straight Tho Time walls of or ofa ofa a A. room may and often do vary several sev oral eral Inches from rein a lino Uno continued from rota the next space cle cleaning tho the rooms one occasionally occa ocea- t finds linds the tho bones of or it a I turkey turl u or tho the fra fragments monts o of n a Jar More loro than this is exceptional unless tho the ruin had been beon abandoned aban hurriedly In lii which C case cazo 20 everything wao way left Klin Ihn the Axle ule of Life Beyond a doubt tho the kiva kha was wa th axle upon which tho tim lito life of or tho pueblo revolved The Tho W Was nas undoubtedly Oils ants of or the tho first rooms rions of a building ai as time the surrounding apartments aro grouped about It The rhe kiva WAS WM nearly RIWa always 8 Immediately guarded b by A square wall vahl on tho the outside of ot which the living lUIng rooms looms were ero built If It this square wall wull Is Ia lacking hacking tho the rooms on the north and amid west wesl sides aides o of the tho cham chain chamber chamber ber conform to Its Hs shape In most respects too ruin exposed this summer cummer Is Identical with all other pueblo ruins Time The main part hart of oC the pueblo lies north and south On both ends of this part aro are tho the wn wings s ex- ex ex extending tending to tho the cast casi In such a Il manner manlier that a court Is form formed In tho center Near the tho middle ot of o tho hr long lont wall vall and forming obtuse angles with it ale aie three t tr e smaller individual houses In lit all 46 45 were cre found When hen the TOO was in Its prime It contained over ocr rOoms room on the ground floor luor ld J Judging I from rout the amount of or n rock that I tho time building building build build- I was waa found foun In various places ing Ins had hall ln ll cn en three or 01 four foul stories I high A ruin of oC this tills size ls Is very vel exceptional ex ox- a as It shows 8 tho tim homo OX-I OX of at least a thousand people Are Seten i C e cn en ti b bj- bj 1 ine ineAt uc I At the lan large ruin IG rooms and I I kivas were we excavated The rooms us UR I Is usual L on b by nine nino foot feet and four our and und on one half oct deep 1001 Tho rho work was begun bel un at tho the cast enst end of or ortho tho the north wing wIn ln hero Here tho time walls only 10 Inches high bight having ln ha been huen destroyed by b water I In tho ho first room over a bushel of or burned burnell corn was found The grain kernels still tilt large the tho charred perfect upon time the cob The Tho on only 1 ex explanation CX- CX for or the tho presence of or so alO o much maize malzo Is 18 that tho time roo wa was used us ui uia usa usa a storehouse at the time tho the village wait waa destroyed Go Gay Another discovery of interest was In room two LitO During the burning of tho the building tho the adobe flooring In limo tho second stor story became beeam heated to tho the melting point Tho The molten wand fell upon a number of or Jars and vessels on the ground floor causing causin them to twist and break Fra Fragments of ot th these se lava lava- like masses with pottery imbedded im- im Imbedded imbedded im Im- bedded In lii them thorn mado made Interesting specimens specimens sped sped- mens mona and curios A peculiar thing about these Is la that the they are aro varlo variously s1 colored some somo being pale pule blue or green while others are art gray grin or pink Tho The pottery In this room Is of ot ota ofa a H rich canary canar yellow but it Is hi nos- nos sibie that this coloring Is the tho effect of ot the tho Intense heat hnat at tho the time lime of ot the fire Certainly Certain the soil of this ridge 1 contains minerals of oC a high degree of combustibility Tho The other 14 Id rooms although h having higher walls contained nothing of ot especial Interest Room tun on had two openings sideby sideby side h by side loading Into lalo a room loom overlookIng overlook overlook- Ing In time th large e It kl a a. a Both openings were 1 16 G Inches wl wide wido e and 24 H 4 l nigh high They Ther had lind been made after utter tho limo wall vaIl hud hind been built as C their sides were I irregular and no lintel was In place I Upright pieces o of cedar supported till iho I could bo be masonry m H above Nothing found In either r of or the time c connected rooms that would give ghe a clue to their for- for timer use Two kl kivas wore were excavated at lil this wing of tho time building one ono nil 1 ordinary ordinary- I sized 10 feet In iii diameter the theether I ether othor un an immense o room 16 feet 10 Inches across its center FInd lInI Large Recess Tho Timo smaller maller of oc tho two was built above o tho the ground bround a never nc i before found Cound north of ot N New JW Mexico In Inthe I tho the south wide side of o too room a largo large recess three fret foot deep and tWo feet lon long had been built in the wall vahl This with adobe mud floored roc recess ss was Underneath Its ml middle dle south wes was tho the kUa L entrance a holo 16 by 20 O Inches an and four foot feet long Ions The entire passageway was vas roofed with a a. la layer el of split cedar It opened Into a small sinai room divided into parts Parts- It was wait Impossible from tho decayed condition of or time Iho room to ascertain ascertain as ascertain as- as certain or not these I H had an any uny direct connection with tho the passageway On the north northside northside sl side e of or the room were two small holes III hi time the wall wull much blackened by hy lIre tiro but containing nothing In tho time floor were Vero the tho pap po and fireplace In iii Inthe the tho wall were our lour recesses pointing In iii four tour opposite directions Whilo the time largo Id a I Is on tho the whole similar to tho small one ant Its demands especial study Lot Let us usI understand first what a kiva was There si six worlds in the life lite of every Moqui Tho The first f three were wera I Inferior but nece necessary sary worlds world Tho The fourth wae vs W tho the kiva the fifth the earthly world worl tho the sixth the supreme 1 or Heavenly world worl These people believed be be- that tn toe only means mans of entering tho Limo fourth world was waR through h tho the pap PO After the fourth life the they thoy wore were given birth In the fifth world went to the happy happ hap lamp After that life they thoy p py Dy hunting grounds round as a final linal resting place Southern Utah Kirns Tho The kh kivas N of ot southern Utah aro alO with the tho lion of tho tIme small ono one previously pre lire described set deep In tho ground Tho roof which was covered with adobe or stono stone slabs w was on a level with the surface of tho time ground Tho The main walls walla of ot tho kiva aro are three feet In hl Placed upon this foundation aro am six buttresses placed place at foot live nine Inch intervals Tho The buttresses are arc ot of heavy masonry JI seven on feet high an and supported tho the roof which In this caso Coso had been built in the tho t same wa way y a as au tho tim floor of a story second-story I room Between tho the buttress the tho hard earth I ct d as a wall all All ortho of or I had bad been boon tho masonry of tho the room plastered with w th adobe adoba mud In sove so eal al places ono oio could trace two or three distinct coatings coal of this plaster showIng showIng show show- Ing InS where tho the wall vail had ha been beon repaired Kind Find In tho the south couth part of or the wall all was waa as the entrance of or the usual height ht but extending for a a. greater distance Into the earth carth Directly In front of oC this entrance was wan either an altar or a afire alire lire fire screen a n lab Iab of hard stono stone two feet by three feet slanting slightly to the tho passage Va On the tho sido toward the tho fIre firo hole tho time slab was much blackened blackened black black- ened cued with smoke Such slabs as this have havo caused much discussion In tho the ranks rank of ef archaeologists maintaining that It was tome some an altar while the others othera advance the Idea t that It ItaM wan aM merely merel a a. screen for the tire fire pit The Tho latter r theory seems tho the more mON lo logical aa as thoro thero must have havo been boon con considerable draft through the entrance entrance- Tho Tim location of oC the slab directly between the tire Ore pit and the tho entrance would also abo tend to o otho tho the Idea that It could havo have been used as a form of altar Tho The po pap found foun In tho the kh J of oC time the building was wan I Imade at the tho south wing made by sinking a a. bottomless pot pol Into I tho the floor noor This form torm of construction construct Is common In tho time Mesa Verde Verdo district of or southern Colorado but Is evidently e rare In Utah In this same Mame kha th tbs tb's skulls of two adults und and a c child found Measuring Skulls i The rime finding o of skulls In tho the kivas ki of oC Colorado and Now New Mexico has been that a a. series erles of ot measurements measure measure- uro- uro so common being taken at Washington Washington Wash Wash- ments nt ia is now In ington lon with the tho Idea of oC determining fol- fol follower fol followers likeness between them Some Somo omo any thes hold that lowers lower of kIva skulls aro noso of enemies to th the others that time the thoy belonged latter supporters of ot the tho Tue priests priest would find lind difficulty d In ex explaining ex- ex theory the tho presence of tho the child childs child's 8 I skull In tho ho kiva kha on Alkali ridge ridge- the party uncovered by The pottery excellent typo fa has been of an nn so 0 far I In a a. s statement made by Professor Edgar Edgar Ed- Ed Ed Ed- recent visit during his L. L Hewitt Howitt gar tho the excellence of tho tim to the camp decorations on the pottery potter of this re re- high among that of or tn th Blon glon ranks Art rt of oC the Straight Line Never ho lie said have ha I seen such sucha variety of patterns and designs ns a Every uso use of or tho time straight line lino has hM been taken and the time beauty of oC the thO de design Is unquestioned This entire region had hal been heon dug duJ b. b by pottery nevertheless some 3 3 31 J I whole pieces have ha already alread been found I This collection together with numerous numerous numer numer- I pieces which can be readily r re restored r restored re- re ous stored will s make mako an excellent add addi tion Uon to the Utah museum I |