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Show One Divorce to 7.6 Marriages in 1922 WASHINGTON The census bureau discloses that there was one divorce to ?. ninr-rlages ninr-rlages In the United States In 1922, as shown by the first marriage and divorce survey since 1916, When the record was one divorce in 9.3 marriages. mar-riages. Illinois ranked second In the number of divorces for 1922, the record for the state being 10,995 divorces to 75,-208 75,-208 marriages. Texas had the largest number of divorces, 12,399. Illinois' proportionate record, however, was 1 divorce to 6.8 marriages, a number of states having a higher record of divorce. di-vorce. The District of Columbia had the lowest record, 1 divorce to 35.8 marriages. mar-riages. The total number of marriages was 1.126,418, while divorces totalled 148,-554. 148,-554. In 1916 the record was 1,040,034 marriages and 112,036 divorces. In Nevada divorces exceeded the marriages, 1,026 to 935, this being due, of course, to the divorce colony at Reno. Statistics for the Mid-Western states for 1922 were as follows : Illinois Marriages, 75,208; marriages mar-riages per hundred thousand population, popula-tion, 1,122. Divorces, 10,995; divorces per hundred thousand population, 164. Number of marriages to 1 divorce, 6.8. Indiana Marriages, 37,092; per hundred hun-dred thousand population, 1,261. Divorces, Di-vorces, 7,005; per hundred thousand population, 234. Marriages to 1 divorce, di-vorce, 5.4. Iowa Marriages, 22,745;, per hundred hun-dred thousand population, 928. Divorces, Di-vorces, 3,815; per hundred thousand population, 150. Marriages to 1 divorce, di-vorce, 6.0. Michigan Marriages, 43,501; per hundred thousand population, 1,120. Divorces, 7,572 ; per hundred thousand population, 195. Marriages to 1 divorce, di-vorce, 5.8. Minnesota Marriages, 24,248 ; per hundred thousand population, 983. Divorces, Di-vorces, 2.5S8; per hundred thousand population, 105. Marriages to 1 divorce, di-vorce, 10.9. Wisconsin Marriages, 17,277; per hundred thousand population, 638. Divorces, Di-vorces, 2,033; per hundred thousand population, 75. Marriages to 1 divorce, di-vorce, 8.5. Open Shop Claims Uncle Sam as Ally ADVOCATES of the open shop in Industry claim an ally in the United States railroad labor board, as the result of a recent decision. "A railway employee's membership or nonmembership In an organization should not be matter of compulsion," the labor board ruled In sustaining a complaint of the Switchmen's Union of North America against a contract of the San Antonio & Aransas Pass Railway company with the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen, guaranteeing that 85 per cent of the carrier's yard employees be members of the brotherhood. The board thus declared this stipulation void. An anomaly of the case is that, because be-cause the switchmen's union is atllli-ated atllli-ated with the American Federation of Labor, It loaves the federation on record as opposed to the closed shop. The dispute followed dismissal of C. A. Brown, San Antonio & Aransas Aran-sas Pass railway switchman, through operation of the percentage provision of the carrier's contract with the trainmen's brotherhood. The board directed that he be reinstated, with seniority rights unimpaired, and that he be paid for time lost, "less any amount he may have earned while engaged en-gaged In other employment." A point brought out In the evidence of the case, which the board emphasizes empha-sizes In Its decision, was that the Switchmen's Union of North America "negotiated the Drst percentage agreement agree-ment ever executed, but that organization organiza-tion has renounced the practice and become the victim of it." "That the rule In question is discriminatory dis-criminatory and unfair is beyond controversy," con-troversy," reads an excerpt from the labor board's decision. "A railway 1 employee's membership or nonmem- , bership In an organization should not j be n matter of compulsion. "He should not be coerced either by the labor organization or by the car- rier In the exercise of his right to , join an organization or to make a choice between two rival organlza- Hons. Anybody Interested in the organization or-ganization adiilatlons of an employee can lind abundant methods of a legitl- I mate nature to bring to bear upon him. "It must be remembered that railway rail-way employees have not advocated j the closed simp, and this principle has not been recognized elsewhere In 1 the railway service." Best Essayist in 4G0,GC0 School Pupils BEST essayist of more than 400,-000 400,-000 elementary school pupils, Theodora Poole, thirteen-year-old school girl of Pontiac, Mich-I Mich-I Igan, now residing at Lansing, Michigan, Michi-gan, is announced as winner of t tie second national safety essay contest conducted under the auspices of the Highway Education board. As a reward re-ward she receives a gold watch and a trip to Washington with all expenses paid, the gift of the National Automobile Auto-mobile Chamber of Commerce, and she and her chaperon will lie the guests of that organization and of the board when she visits the nation's capital this autumn. The board's third annual contest, In which $6,500 will be divided Into 4S5 prizes to be given for the best essays by pupils and lessons by teachers dealing deal-ing with the formation of snfety habits, Is now on. The award was made by a committee commit-tee appointed by the United States commissioner of education, Dr. John J. Tlgert, to review the best essay submitted sub-mitted from each state and territory, the others having been withdrawn by a process of elimination. . Members of the reviewing committee consist of Mrs. A. II. Reeve, president, National Congress of Mothers and Parent-Teacher Parent-Teacher associations, Philadelphia; Richard J. Walsh, editor, Collier's Weekly, New York City, and James 13. West, chief scout executive. Boy Scouts of America, New York City. Second national honors were won by Edwlna Hull, Frontier, Wyoming, school girl, whose prize Is a gold loving lov-ing cup. Lester E. Rolland, Thief River Falls, Minnesota, school boy, wins third honors, a silver loving cup. These pupils had previously received gold medals and $15 checks, in recognition recogni-tion of their having submitted the best essays written within their respective states. In her letter acknowledging the high honor she has won, Miss Poole says: "For some years I have helped mother keep house so she could teach little people of about my age. She liked to do It and I liked to have her. It kept us close together. As for societies so-cieties and organizations, aside from my Sunday school, I bolong to none. Outside of school I have been so busy having a good time with mother and father nnd little sister and the car that there seemed to be no time for them. We are nil nature study enthusiasts en-thusiasts nnd a county with 500 lakes Is hound to bo nn Interesting outdoor playground. "My present ambition Is to learn to swim, but my Ideas of tho future nre still rnlher hazy. Of course I must go to college, and I have ahvuys Intended to be a writer." U. S. Supreme Court Has Crowded Docket TWj United States .Supreme court has begun Its terms with a crowded docket, as nsunl. A total of 580 eases are awaiting disposition. Of these liOH were brought over from the term which ended In June. During the recess slightly In excess of 200 cases were docketed, most of lliem requests for permission to bring up for review cases disposed of In lower courls which could not be brought up as a matter of right under wrlls of error. Following long-esl abllshed precedent, prece-dent, the court delivered no opinion lit lis first session, 'but nfler receiving motions adjourned nnd proceeded to tin? While House for a formal visit of respect to the President. There Is much ceremony In these visits to the While House. The President Presi-dent receives the court In Hie lilslorlc Fast room. There It lines up In a horseshoe, with Hie chief justice n( one end nnd the JiisIIcch following in the order of wnlorlly. Ilegliinlng at Hie end where Hie chief Justice Is Hliinillng Hii! President pusses along Hie lines, giving encli member a biind-Mlinke biind-Mlinke and expressing bin pleasure upon the Justices' return from their J vacation Hi renglbeiied In health. When the court adjourned lust June It carried over under advisement, fully submitted nnd ready for decision, twenty cases In which tho court's decision deci-sion may be banded down at any time. Four of these attack tho const II nt Inutility Inutil-ity of the alien hind laws of California and Washington, four question the taxability tax-ability of so-called "Massachuset ts trusts" under federal statutes, nnd the others Include colli roversles arising out of Hie use of the water of Hitter creek, Wyoming, for Irrigation purposes; pur-poses; what counties may do with money paid lliem by Hie federal government gov-ernment under forest reserve lawn, brought by King county, Washington, against the Seattle school district No. 1; North Dakota's cliilm against Minnesota Min-nesota for danuiges growing- out of flood conditions along Hie ltols do Sioux river; Hm coiistllnHonallly of North Dakota's grain -grading net; two cases Involving the tht of Texas to prevent Hie ahandonincot find dismantling disman-tling of Hie KiiHtorn Texas railroad; Hie liability of stockholders of n tn-llonal tn-llonal bank for Its obligations after It. bad been sold to iinolber national bank, and three ciinch affecting mtca In San Francisco, brought by tun P-ellle P-ellle (ins ami Klrctrle cointninr. |