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Show ture roiitribiiurs about 17 p'-r cent ot the total, manufacturing about '.',') per cent, transportation about 0 per cent, governmwit about " per cut, mining a little more than 3 per rent, bunking a little over 1 per cent. The many miscellaneous employments, professional profes-sional men, retailers, Jobbers, merchants, mer-chants, domestics, etc, too numerous to list .specifically, contribiLe per cent. In oilier words, our highly irr-gunlzed irr-gunlzed Industries, even If we include all manufacturing, mining, transportation, transporta-tion, bunking, anil government activities activi-ties siieb ns education and road-building, produce only about half of the national na-tional income. Tin; rest is due to the efforts of kiuuII independent workers. Income Tax DiscreDancies. Tho report estimates that the number num-ber of persons In llilS having Incomes over $2,01.10, was 5,:X),0()0, and that their total Income was over 'S.i billion dollars, income tax returns, however, showed only 2,008,000 persons having over $2,000, and their total reported Income was less than 14 billion dollars. dol-lars. This discrepancy Is due in part to technical evasions and straight illegal ille-gal withholdings, but also In part to the existence of tax-exempt income. What this means in terms of the income in-come tax Is that the government received re-ceived in 1!)1S about half a billion dollars dol-lars less than It would have, if all persons receiving $2,000 had paid their lull amount.' Contribution of Housewives. The contribution of the 20,000,000 American housewives Is not included by the bureau in the national Income because they are not paid in money. But the report points out that if they were paid at the lowest possible figure (the average recompense of personal and domestic service) their addition to the total national income would be about one-third, or 18 billions. On that basis, the bureau gives the following follow-ing conjectural figure as to the fluctuation fluctua-tion of the housewife's contribution to the national Income since 1909: Total Individual Contribution Contribution (in Billions) Year (in Dollars) of Dollars) 19('9 $500 JS.S5 1910 oV 9.00 1911 BOO 9.20 1912 625 9.82 19:3 5'2S! 9.98 191-1 5:5 10.19 1915 550 10.84 WIG 600 11.94 1917 650 1-1.30 1918 7D0 15.30 1919 900 18.45 Income in Other Countries. Both the total national income and the per capita Income are larger la the United States than in any othei country. The report estimates this a the relative standing of the four countries coun-tries named at the outbreak of th war : Nat'l Income Income (Billions Per Capita 1914 of Dollars) (in Dollars) United States 533.5 $338 United Kingdom .. 10.9 243 Germany 10.5 146 Austria 1.3 263 The report is in press, and will b published early in November. How the Bureau Is Constituted. The National Bureau of EconomU Research was organized after the war by a group of persons who had com to realize the need for accurate and scientific collation cf statistical information infor-mation as a basis for intelligent solution solu-tion of national problems. The directors direc-tors of the bureau are T. S. Adams, advisor to the Treasury department; John II. Commons, of the University of Wisconsin ; John P. Frey, editor ol the International Molders' Journal', Edwin F. Gay, president of the New York Evening Post ; Harry W. Laidler, secretary of the Intercollegiate Socialist Social-ist society ; Elwood Mead, professor ol rural Institutions, University of California; Cali-fornia; Wesley Clair Mitchell, New School for Social Research ; J. E. Ster-rett, Ster-rett, of the firm of Price, YVaterhouse and company, accountants; N.I.Stone, labor manager, Hickey-Freeman company com-pany ; Allyn A. Young, professor oi economics, Harvard university; also, the following appointed by the organizations or-ganizations named : F. P. Fish, of the National Industrial Conference board ; Hugh Frayne, American Federation ol Labor ; David Friday, American Economic Eco-nomic association ; W. R. Ingalls, Engineering En-gineering council ; J. M. Larkin, Industrial In-dustrial Relations Association of America ; George E. Roberts, American Ameri-can Bankers' association ; Malcolm C. Rorty, American Statistical association associa-tion ; A. Y. Shaw, Periodical Publishers' Publish-ers' association ; and Gray Silver, American Federation of Farm Bureaus. Bu-reaus. It is a rule of the bureau that each director must approve the findings of the research staff, or state his specific spe-cific objections as part of the report In this way, bias is eliminated, for methods and results are under constant con-stant supervision from men whose points of view are dissimilar. MONEY DECLINES IN EFFICIENCY Enormous Addition to the National Na-tional Income Is Not Real Wealth Increase. DUE TO RISE IN PRICES National Bureau of Economic Research, After Exhaustive Study, Makes Public Pub-lic Figures Showing Variation in Dollar's Purchasing Power. New York, Oct. 27. The total national na-tional Income of the United Slates In J0I8 was 01 billion dollars, as compared com-pared with a-1.4 billions in 19i;i; but this Increase In dollars did not repre-Kent repre-Kent a like increase In production. Most of It was dut! to the rise In prices, for tbi! dollar of 1!)1S and 1019 was u much less ellicient dollar Ihan that of 191,'i. The actual total of commodities produced pro-duced Increased very little, If at all, and a large part of Ihose which were produced were war materials, not of a kind really benefiting consumers. Consequent ly, Individual Incomes, estimated on a per capita basis, rising from ?:!10 in 1910 ami $:!.! in 191,'i, to $580 In 1918, represent more dollars but little or no real Increase, because the $oS(S of 1918 Is equivalent to only $.'!72 In terms of the purchasing power of 191,'!. These are the most Important findings find-ings of the National Bureau of Economic Eco-nomic Research, made public today in advance of the formal publication of the results of a year's study of "Income In the United States." This ntudy, the most exhaustive ever made of the Income quest ion In this country, lias been conducted by Wesley Clair Mitchell, Willford I. King, Frederick II. Miicaulay and Oswald W. Knuuth, under the auspices and direction of a board of nineteen directors. Including men prominent in many fields of business, busi-ness, education, labor, agriculture, economics eco-nomics and practical statistics, and representing ninny divergent points of view. Tills table exhibits the main findings, find-ings, Including the equivalent value of per capita income in terms of the 1913 purchasing power: Total Ka- Per Capita Per Capita tional Inc'e Income Income in Year (Ullllons) In Dollars "1913 Dot's" 1909 JL'S.8 $319 $333 1910 31.4 340 349 1911 31.2 333 338 1912 33.0 346 343 1913 34.4 S;"4 854 1914 33.2 336 333 1915 36.0 353 350 3916 45.4 446 400 1917 63.9 623 396 1918 61.0 6S6 372 Distribution of Income. The report says that only one out of a hundred (I per cent) income receivers re-ceivers in the United States in 1918 had incomes of $8,000 or more, and that this one per cent had 14 per cent of the national income. Five per cent, representing incomes above $3,200, had 20 per cent of the total. Ten per cent, Including income above $2,300, had nearly 35 per cent of the total ; the most prosperous 20 per cent, including in-cluding Income above $1,750, had about 47 per cent. Eighty per cent of the Income receivers had incomes below $1,750, receiving about 53 per cent of the total income. Shares of Labor and Capital. In most of the years since 1912, the bureau finds that in the principal organized or-ganized industries, wages and salaries were about 70 per cent of the total income; in-come; while capital (including management) man-agement) received about 30 per cent, out of which were paid, rent, interest and profits; but the.se proportions varied va-ried materially with relative prosperity prosper-ity and depression. In 1916, for example, ex-ample, the share of capital increased to about 35 per cent, with Go per cent to labor, while in 1919 capital's share fell to about 22 per cent, while labor got about 78. Of the total payments to employees In the highly organized industries, about 92 per cent goes to the manual workers and clerical staffs, while S per cent goes to officials. Share of the Farmer. The farmers, who during the past decade have made up about 10 per cent of the total of gainfully employed, had from 12 to 13 per cent of the national na-tional Income in the years between 1910 and 191G Inclusive; since 1917 they have been receiving 10 to 17 per cent, or a somewhat higher proportion, propor-tion, as the following figures from the report show : Per Cent 19'0 12.9 lail 11.9 1912 12.3 1P13 12.6 iri4 129 1915 13 1 1916 12.S 1-17 163 If IS 17.0 1919 1G.5 Sources of Production. As for the sources of national Income, In-come, the bureau finds, taking a general gen-eral average since 1910, that agricul- |