| Show k z j£i fcjjfldddd4lf Marine Tragedies Their Secrets f and 4r "br a f ’ FAMOUS VESSELS BLOWN UP Fate of the Maine Recalls Other Disasters of the Deep Equally Horrible and Equally Mysterious TORPEDO IN MODERN WARFARE Vf9W9999¥99¥W9f¥W¥¥999¥V¥fW9¥¥9¥999f9W9¥99 No nary is free from Bad stories of on board Among other crimes laid in its zploslons powder and ammuniso to Irish sympathizers by tion magazines and since the begin-nin- g the unjustly English press and people was the of our civil war the number of destruction of the British gunboat Teasels destroyed by torpedoes in Dotterel In the Straits of Magellan some form or by submarine mines She arrived off Punta Arenas about makes a grewsome list Is it generally-- nine a m on 1881 26 The April known for example that in the captain went ashore goon after to pay civil war seven monitors and eleven bis official call and about ten a m wooden vessels of war were totally de- two terrible explosions were heard stroyed by submarine mines? Had and an immense cloud of smoke was the Confederates possessed the same seen hovering over the ship in the perknowledge at the beginning of the fect calm of the morning Projectiles war the struggle would have been of all kinds masses of human beings at the least much prolonged and the of ship equipage and of wreckgeneral disaster to life and tonnage been age were discovered flying through the greatly Increased air and the water for a quarter of a During our early struggles several mile around the ship was littered with vessels were blown up notably the debris Boats put oft from the shore Randolph of immortal memory but and out of the whole ship's company the most memorable case and surely of over 150 souls only eight were one of the most pathetic was the de- saved Fenian plots were held to be struction of the Intrepid commanded the cause of the disaster and South by the gallant Somers She was fitted America and Australia were the out as a floating mine and on the scenes of police inquiry for months night of September 4 1804 started It is now believed that the explosion from off shore under sail for the inner was due to the spontaneous ignition harbor of Tripoli Anxious eyes of a paint then used in the British twitched her from the blockading fleet navy This under deterioration or and at tea O’clock a thunderous report when exposed to heat was found to was heard a column of flame was seen give off a highly Inflammable gas ahd vibrating in the skies and then the as the first explosion occurred in the roar of hundreds of guns mounted neighborhood of the paint locker this ashore No one came back to tell the plausible theory is now accepted story but It is believed that Somers During the last twenty years two othkept his word not to be taken alive er cases have occurred — one when in by the enemy and blew up the ship 1880 a Spanish gunboat was blown up to escape capture It was learned that in the harbor of Santiago de Cuba and the Intrepid had grounded on the the other in 1893 when a most damnorth ledge of the harbor and that she aging and distressing explosion ochad been attacked by three gunboats curred on board of the German ar- - down tide streams The fuses were generally of the percussion type and fulminate of mercury entered largely into their composition The Housatonic was' destroyed by a submarine boat but the Albemarle was blown up by Cushing with a torpedo carried on the end of a spar This torpedo was made of a stout cylindrical copper case filled with pow der and fitted with a hollow tube which carried at its bottom a fulminate cap A small sized grape shot secured with a pin was held at the top and by releasing this at the eventful mo- - darfgerous however and all effort was thereafter directed to thedlrlgible or the automobile torpedo Generally described the dirigible torpedo i Is oke that contains its own propelling ahd firing mechanisms and Js piloted fronj the shore by means of electric cables which function the machinery The automobile torpedo is a weapon that is shot from a tube generally called a torpedo gun and takes up its line of progress by machinery contained in its body There are many forms of these like the Howell and the Whitehead for example and some ex- - lint the Vineyards E Q Lodenlan n Department of Agriculture Report: To most people the art of the vineyardlst is & mystery In fact the vineyardlst himself is very trequently puzzled unless he has studied the various' modifying clr'cam-itances and conditions which exert an Influence upon his vines and yet when the entire subject of grape culture la considered with regard to its underlying and fundamental features the mass minute details lose their apparent importance and a few essential facta Btand out clearly forming a framework upon which the living and variable methods may be arranged with due respect to their relative importance The haze which has hung over what should be the simple operations of of pruning training the grape has and discouraged many from examining ' In- the comparatively easy problem of to determining the most simple and economical line of treatment to be followed As the grapevine is seen growing In wild nature it is found to be a vigorous plant steadily overcoming one obstacle after another and frequently climbing to great height means of Its long slender branches are provided with tendrils that by which enable It to retain possession of Its domain When such an energetic and successful plant is comever-wideni- ng with its dwarfed and geometrical the vineyard there is abunof neighbor dant reason for wonder as to how the wild and rampant child of the woods could be so radically transformed Into s small compact growth which evidently feels its commercial Importance and quietly Bettlds down to steady Yet the change can be made work pared with comparative ease and the various THE JUNIOR GFF1C ERS OF THE MAINE (B) steps of the operation are at present Wodhams Gherardi (2) (3) French (4) Proctor Engineer (1) Engineer Dr Richards (6) Ward (7) Engineer Mansfield (8) Ramsey (10) Butler Illustrated in the numerous cominer(11) Watson ment Cushing destroyed the Albemarle and his own boat at the same time and then made one of the most andaring and romantic escapes in the imMany nals of naval history proved systems were employed and much ingenuity was1 displayed the most inventive of all experimenters being a confederate officer who previ- I i s : traordinary results have been obtained with both The Whitehead is discharged from the tube by steam or powder and just as it leaves the muzzle a lock automatically opened releases the compressed air carried in a flask and sets in motion the ma chinery Three things must be done by It It must go through the water at a high speed preserving its linear direction it must float at a constant depth and on striking it must explode The ingenuity and simplicity of the mechanism which effects these three things are really marvelous The Howell torpedo is based upon n the principle of the gyroscope Its speed and surety of direction are given by tie functioning of an Inner wheel which is relative very heavy on the periphery and revolves with such velocity and in such a constant plane that high speed and great straightness of trajectory are secured There are many other forms but these two are employed In our service and the Whitehead is used by nearly all the navies of the world Submarine Mines The term “submarine mine” is applied to defensive mines or to those which would be used to obstruct the channels of a river or estuary or the approaches to a fortified or unprotect ed seaport Col Samuel Colt the in ventor of the American revolver first demonstrated the practicability oi blowing up vessels by submarine mines fired by electricity In 1842 he blew up the old gunboat Boxer and in 1843 he destroyed a brig In the Potomac river while the vessel was under way sailing at the rate of five miles an well-know- MftHMMtMMMIHHMNtMMMMHIMtMM HOW THE MAIJJE LOOKS— FROM A PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN THE DAY AFTER THE DISASTER It was surmised but never known mored ship Baden then at anchor that to prevent the valuable supply of Kiel ammunition falling into the hands of the enemy Somers fired her destroying his own people and the Tripolitans warming out of their boats ipto the In June hapless American tender then Fulton wooden 1829 ship the off ship the as receiving stationed causes never from blew up Brooklyn Seventy-fiv- e persons were revealed killed and about thirty were wounded Tradition has woven many a romantic many an impossible story One yarn told about this disaster how a gunner’s mate had creepingly beeil punished as he thought unjustly and in revenge destroyed the ship In so doing he lost his own life but galled in killing the object of his an officer whobad left the ship comquietly a short time before the real story The crime the of mission seems to be that a fuddled gunner’s mate by some error made his way Into the magazine with an exposed lighted candle stumbled into the powder barrel of the period and thus blew the ship skyward ' ha-itr- ed L'‘ Xha Amphlon'B Destruction In the English service there have been a number of notable eases of exOne aolJon plosion but mainly in was the well known in time of peace Amphion the of frigate destruction off Capt‘ Israel Pellew’ commanding a too gunPlymouth England Here ner’s mate appears as the god in the machine— for apocryphal or not It Js believed to this day that the seaman !n question went with a lighted lamp steal powder into the magazina to market Seva had ready then which were destroyed eral hundred people hnd among them prominent officials were dinihg who town the of citizens n ous to the war had been a dancing master hour Of the war inventions employed to Handling Torpedoes destroy ships by submarine or aerial' For a season towing torpedoes were A Misunderstanding projectiles or by mines the number is In great favor These were handled American Tourist— "I understand were earliest among the legion We from the ship and by certain dextrous Marquis that you fell in love with i to employ these and our contribushlftings of the connecting lines were American lady on actions to the history of torpedo war- carried off each quarter at a Bafe distinguished of her pretty foot?” Marquis— count fare have been very many and very angle and made to dive at the de- "D&t is it De pretty vay she foots de notable The famous "Battle of the sired moment They proved to be bills’’— New York Weekly Kegs”has beeftsyng in mock heroic versdand the Philadelphians of 1777 over the valor had many A ous attack ‘made: by the British grenadiers upon these Innocuous barrels Capt!' David Rushnell of Connecticut was onej of the earliest experimenters with torpedoes though Robert Fulton was the first to call a magazine of powder intended for use under This great inwater by this name ventor made many experiments and the partisans and opponents of the new system filled the Journals of that day with acrimonious discussions The failure of torpedoes in the war of : 1812 and the general feeling against this mode of warfare as Inhuman and barbarous caused however its practical abandonment for many years i ' The Confederate Torpedoe Submarine boats had been generally employed in all experiments up to the beginning of the civil war and it was ’ really not until 1863 that movable or fixed isolated torpedoes were brought The confederate into general use were made of copusually toypedoes per and filled with powder varying in weights according to circumstances of employment from fifty (o one These hundred and fifty pounds were carried on spars attached to ships or boats were anchored on the bdttomor wei’e' sent drifting singly THE MIDSHIP SECTION OF THE MAINE— FROM A PHOTO TAKEN or it pairs connected by long lines THE DAY AFTER THE DISASTER off well-know- 4 - v s”e4ssss - - Mj r i i ‘ i ) ? ' J i r’l !!' t ITALIAN METHOD OF TRAINING dal vineyards of the world The vines ol many Italian vineyards have for centuries been trained over trees in imitation of the trellis furbished the vines nature accompanying illustraprimitive method of Five or six vines ar planted about each tree and by means of stakes and strings or wire the shoots by The shows tion grape-traini- this ng are carried to the branches Here they are very commonly allowed to roam at will the only pruning that is done being to cut back more or less of ths shoots produced each year The trees are planted so close together that ths vines often extend from one tree to the next thus forming a continuous tangle of grapevines and trees Although this method can scarcely be termed the pruning still it Is an advance and fruit borne is also to a limited extent benefited by such thinning Where grapevines are allowed to run over arreceive Blmilaa bors they generally treatment but in such cases dense foliage is sought more than fine fruit Such practices are as a rule wholly unsystematic and therefore cannot be discussed in connection with our best methods Intensive Culture — In France according to authorities who criticise Canadian agriculture from thiB standpoint the art of fertilizing the soil Is carried to such an extent that in case of tenant farming the tenant usually reserves the right to carry the surface of the soil of his farm or garden away with lease him that country on the is the This means expiration of his more practicable In because of1 excellent of communication' the usual smallness of the lots cultivated and the fact that the French peasantry seldom wander far from in which they a single vicinity of Paris by the highest from the the neighborhood were bldrhilThe returns acre of land cultivated In gree of Intensive to eight or even de- tillage' often amount ten fold more than the returns from an acre of land on Canadian farm—Rural Canadian a ‘h I For 'the Farm Boy—You want goed advice? Rise early-- Be abstemious Be frugal Attend to ’yoor own business and never trust It to another Be not afraid of work and diligently too with your owh hands ' Treat eYery one with civility and respect Good manners Insure sijecer ' 'Accomplish what you undertake Nfevep he me'any-rath- er give than take the odd shilling Honesty is not only the best policy but the only policy Time is money Mako your word as good as yourbohd Reckon the boiirs’of many dollars - the minutes as so many cents Live within yotfr incoibe? Ninety-nlna may s&F' no the hundredth yes Take off your coat don’t be afraid of manual labor America is large enough for 111— Farmers’ Tribune i |
