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Show FRIDAY SEPTEMBER THE BULLETIN 23, 1938 9: Weight of Ship Govern . Depth Vessel Will Sink Prc sure in itself does not entei into tu problem of how far an ocear. liner ould sink, because the pressure of a fluid is exerted equally Increased Irom all directions. density, according to an authority :in the Cleveland Plain Dealer, which is due chiefly to the greater pressure, is not an important factor in relation to this question, because water, like other fluids, is nearly incompressible, and the water at the bottom of the ocean in the deepest places weighs only about 5 per cent more than an equal volume of water at the surface. A body weighing more than its 'equal volume of water at any depth will sink and continue to sink until it reaches the bottom; one weighing less will float on the surface, and one weighing the same will stay wherever placed. In other words, an object will sink in water if its average density, including entrapped air, is greater than the density of the water in which it is immersed. Sea water weighs about 61 pounds a cubic foot at the surface and about 69 pounds a cubic foot in the deepest known places. Any object weighing more than 69 pounds a cubic foot will sink to the bottom in such water. All ships, if filled with water, will weigh more than 69 pounds a cubic foot and therefore, would sink to the bottom of the sea immediately. It is possible that a ship of the old wooden type, carrying a cargo of low density bulk, might have the same weight as its equal volume of water, and after filling with water would remain suspended in the sea. i Caterpillar, Fly, Wasps Honored With Memorials Queen Victoria Said to Have Invented Acrostics Even the humble caterpillar can boast a monument which a king might envy, for the Cactoblastis Memorial Hall," at Boonarga, Queensland, was erected to the memory of the caterpillar which destroys the prickly pear, according to a writer in London Answers Magazine. The most elaborate case of insect commemoration on record was the funeral staged by the Roman poet, Virgil for his pet housefly. The cost of interment was 20,000 pounds, and the ceremony took place from Virgils town house in Rome. The chief mourners were friends of Octavian, afterwards the Emperor Augustus, and a lengthy funeral oration was delivered by Maecenas before the flys golden cof- There is a legend that Queen Victoria invented acrostics to amuse her children in the year 1856, and in this year; a poet printed a double acrostic, in which the first letters in each line of the poem spelled one word, and the last letters another. It may be that the queen made the acrostic a popular puzzle with society, but actually the acrostic is an ancient device, states a writer in Pearsons London Weekly. fin. Making a pet of a pest is one thing, and putting up a memorial to a pest, as such, is quite another. Yet this, too, has been done in Westmorland. The hamlet of Week suffered a severe plague of wasps in 1841, and a memorial stone to mark the occasion was erected nearby on the moor. Since then, an annual procession has been made to the stone, where a brief service is held. Afterwards, a wholesale attack is made on all the wasp nests in the district. A pet goat belonging to a Slav was buried in a rich coffin covered with flowers. Candles were burned round the draped bier, and the body was carried in solemn procession. In the same month, a Pekingese dog was buried in a costly marble vault in Denver City, U. S. A., after lying in state" in a coffin lined with white satin. Such funerals are often matters of John C. Calhoun Served is no dearth of affection, U. S. in Many Capacities monumentsbutto there creatures that make John C. Calhoun, South Carolinas or break business. distinguished statesman and orator, On Rhode Island there is a fine who was bom March 18, 1782, memorial to the original Rhode Isserved his country in many capaci- land Red. ties, twice as Vice President of the United States. He was secretary .of war under Monroe and in 1844 Land Grant Kosciusxkos was appointed secretary of state unReward for Aiding U. S. der Tyler. In 1845 he was elected beand Carolina Like all other Revolutionary ofsenator from South came the foremost champion of the ficers, Thaddeus Kosciusko, the Polish patriot who aided the United South. A man with the courage of his con- States, received a land grant from victions, Calhoun believed in the congress. But he left the United most extreme form of states rights States soon after the Revolution and developed the theory of the nulli- and did not file a claim for his fication ordinance of 1832. He de- lands until he returned in 1797. He fended slavery and furnished argu- then selected 500 acres, a colonels ments which were to greatly influ- share, from a map. ence the political course of the South Most of the grants had been parin regard to slavery. celed out by that time, so he was While Calhoun was Vice President obliged to take a tract on the exunder President Jackson, writei treme westerly edge of the bounty Leslie Hartley in the Washington lands. This tract, according to John Star, it was the only time in Ameri- Howard Galbraith, in the defunct can history that two Southerners Ohio Magazine for November, 1907, held these two high offices during was a few miles north of Columbus, the same term. Their political Ohio, on the east bank of the Scioto views differed widely, however, and river, in Perry township, Franklin Calhoun resigned to enter the Unit- county, immediately south of the ed States senate. This was also the Delaware county line. Kosciuszko left the United States only time in American history a Vice President voluntarily left office. again in May, 1798, and before leavCalhoun was held in great esteem ing, made a will leaving his Amerby his native state, which struck ican property to be disposed of by Calhoun Thomas Jefferson, the money to off a medal proclaiming the first President of the Confedbe used in purchasing the freedom He died in 1850 without of negro slaves, and in their educaeracy. achieving his ambition to become tion. President of the United States. The Nine Mnses The muses were, according to the classic mythology, the nine daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne. Originally they were goddesses of memory only, but they came later to b identified with individual arts and sciences. The nine, with their respective attributes, were Calliope, presiding over eloquence and heroic poetry; chief of the muses; Clio, muse of heroic exploits and history; Euterpe, presiding over music; Thalia, gayety, pastroal life, and comedy; Melpomene, song harmony, and tragedy; Terpsichore choral dance and song; Erato, the lyre and erotic poetry; Polyhymnia oratory and the sacred lyric; Ura nia, celestial phenomena and astron omy. Classification of Snow Besides classifying snow as eithei granular or crystalline, the flakei are classified as columnar or tabular. In a less technical category are powder snow (light and soft and good for skiing) and sand snow. The latter variety, reported by explorers is so cold that it is not slippery. is impossible to ride or slide or sand snow. Old snow may become firm," snow, the latter consisting o! the crusted forms. Red snow gains its peculiar hue from the dust through which it falls. Once Oregon was famous for a contrivance that was held in pardonable distaste by prisoners who happened to find themselves confined within the cold gray walls of the state penitentiary. The Oregon boot, they railed it, and it was used as an efficient but not altogether humane method of keeping prisoners from dashing off on their own. I1, The Word Abracadabra" The word "abracadabra" was the e base of an "spell" used to overthrow evil spirits and cure fevers and other maladies. To be successful, the word had to be written in the form of a triangle. A r-- R C A D A B R A C A A B R A C ABRA ' A B R A B A The word was often written fai this form on a piece of paper, which was then folded and worn hung round the neck as a mascot against misfortune. Tung Oil Long in Use For centuries the Chinese have used tung oil (or Chinawood oil) in mixtures to paint and calk their ships and boats. It gradually spread into world commerce. Portuguese spice traders introduced it into Europe in the Sixteenth century. The oil began coming to the United States in the late 1860's. When its quick drying and waterproofing qualities were discovered, demand for it increased. i Where Brace's Spider Span The island of Rathlin, between Scotland and Ireland, is where Robert Bruce saw the spider whose persistence encouraged him to continue his own struggle against great odds. Rathlin is six miles long and only one broad. St. Columbia founded a monastery there and there Marconi made some of his earliest experiments in wireless. Most of the inhabitants are fisherfolk. WANTED Brick Laying s WILL TRADE WORK FOR FURNITURE, CHICKENS, or Most anything of Value. F. J. Smith 2490 South 3rd East Street Call lly, 8335 before 0 p.m. 23 Toothless Fowls scarce as hen's teeth" goes the proverb, referring to the fact that fowls are toothless. There is no species of bird or fowl extant As which has teeth, but scientists have found many fossils of prehistoric feathered creatures that had teeth, and it is believed that all birds had teeth until the geological period knwn 99 the Tertiary. Grizzly King of Beasts; Brown Bear Stands Next The derivation of the name Canada accepted by our leading histo- rians who have investigated the records makes it an Iroquois word, still surviving among them in the form kanata," meaning a collection of dwellings, or a settlement. Cartier, in one of his vocabularies of the Iroquois speech, says of it, they call a town (ville) Canada. Its evolution into our place-nam- e Canada One of the oldest is to be found in can be fully followed in the narrathe Bible. At the head of every tives of Cartier, wherein it appears group of verses of Psalm 119 is to first in his account of his second be found in correct order the letters voyage in 1535, states a writer in of the Hebrew alphabet: Aleph, the New York Herald Tribune. Beth, Gimel, Daleth," and so on, 22 The two Iroquois Indians whom hs letters in all. had seized at Gaspe and taken to e A nursery-rhymdescendant of France the preceding year informed this is the familiar A was an Apple, him on the Great River entering D E C B Bit it, Cut it, Dealt it, Eat St. Lawrence) that' their the (now it, F Fought for it, and so on to home was in Canada, which proved "X Y Z and ampersand (&) all later to be an alternative name for wished for a piece in hand. the village of Stadacona on the site In the time of Elizabeth when flatof modern Quebec City. Cartier himtery was the sure way to literary self seems to have extended the success. Sir John Davies wrote 23 word to the surrounding region as a verses in honor of Queen Elizabeth, convenient territorial name, much calling the collection Hymns of as the name Quebec has been exAstrea" and making each verse an tended from the city to the province. acrostic on the word ASTRAEA. Accordingly this interpretation of Medieval monks were often fond Canada is wgll .attested by unimof writing about love, and Francis but the same peachable Colonna was no exception. He wrote is not true documents, of several other current a love story, parts of which were which are nothing not likely to meet with the approval explanations, other based on chance than guesses of the church, so he did not affix resemblances between Canada and his name to the book. certain other Indian or imaginary But many years later it was disroots, e. g. from segnada Canada, covered that the initial letters of meaning men seeking land (or a every chapter formed the Latin country); a Montagnais root meanBrother ing statement, translated, "mouth of the counFrancis Colonna passionately loved try," foreign"; descriptive of the St. LawPolia." rence; a Spanish aca nada, meaning 'nothing here" (i. e. in gold); a Spanish cana, "a reed, extended to an equivalent of beaupre. Hungarian Monarchy Was Founded by Magyar Chief The Hungarian monarchy was founded by Arpad, a Magyar chieftain, who entered the region which is now Hungary by crossing the Carpathian mountains from the east. The numerous principalities of the Slavonic tribes were won over by gifts or subjected by force of arms and Arpad settled on the island of Tsepel in the Danube river as the seat of the Hungarian government In 907 A. D. Arpad died and was succeeded by his son, Zoltan, who in turn bequeathed his power to his son, Geza. Geza died in 997 A. D., end his place was filled by his son, Stephen, who had been raised as a Christian. After becoming duke of Hungary, Stephen married Bavarian princess. After suppressing an insurrection in 988 A. D., Stephen established the monarchy and asked the church of Rome to confirm his act. Pope Sylvester II gave his approval to Astrik, Stephens messenger, and sent him a . consecrated crown, which forms the upper part of the Sacra Corona, to famous in Hungarian history. The lower part of the crown; notes a writer in the Chicago Tribune, was a gift from the emperor of Byzantium nearly a century later. Stephen died in 1038 and was canonized in 1083. The crown is kept in a sealed casket and vigilantly guarded. No one is ever allowed to see it, regardless of his importance, except when a coronation ceremony is to take place. Gi-sel- old-tim- ABRACADABRA ABRACADABR ABRACADAB ABRACADA B A Name Canada Is Derived From Iroquois Indians Cobra Plant I Offered At a Grasshopper Check COLORADO SPRINGS. The solution to the nation's grasshopper problem, according to M. W. Dye, botanist, of Seattle, is the grisly cobra plant, which he says will eat ths grasshoppers before they get around to gnawing in wheat and corn fields. The plant Darlingtonia chrysam-phor- a resembles a hooded-cobr- a reared in striking position. The plant lures insects down its hollow stalk and then kills them by adds at the base of the stem. The cobra develops a form of delicate honey around Its "mouth to attract insects. Dye says he has cut open numerous of the plants and found grasshoppers, ants, beetles, flies, spiders and snails in them. During the winter, when the plants have no insects on which to live, they must be fed with small pieces of hamburger once a month, he says. Britain Building Vessel Without Iron qr Steel Hebrew Name Josiah Is Accorded Two Meanings The name Josiah, of Hebrew ori- gin, is accorded two meanings, yielded to the Lord" and the Lord healeth." The Bible Josiah, last of Judahs good kings, reigned 600 years before Christ. Josiah Winslow (1628-80- ) was the first colonial governor (of Plymouth colony, now Massachusetts) bom in America. Three Josiah Quincys, father, son and grandson, have been prominent in American history, writes Florence A.' Cowles in the Cleveland Plain Dealer. The first (d. 1775) a lawyer, encouraged the colonists to rebel against oppression. The second (d. 1854) also a lawyer, was distinguished for oratory in congress and became president of Harvard. The third (d. 1862) was mayor of Boston and president of Massachusetts senate. Josiah Wedgwood (d. 1795) was the most celebrated of English pot terers and Wedgewood ware is among the choicest made. Josiah Bartlett (d. 1795) was first after the president to sign the Declaration of Independence and first governor of New Hampshire under the Constitution. Josiah Harmar (d. 1813) was general-in-chiof the army in 1789. ef Refused to Vote for Monroe Historians often state that one elector withheld his vote from Monroe in order to prevent him from sharing an honor previously granted only to George Washington. This is a myth, notes a writer in the Indianapolis News. William Plum-e- r, of New Hampshire, was the elector who refused to vote for Monroe. He explained the reason for his action in a letter to his son, William Plumer, Jr., dated January 8, 1821. He wrote: I was obliged from sense of duty and a regard to my own reputation to withhold my vote from Monroe and Tompkins; from the first because he had discovered a want of foresight and from the second because he had grossly neglected his duty. Plumer voted for John Quincy Adams for President and Richard Rush for Vice President. The real king of beasts is the grizzly bear, with its close cousin, the big brown bear, sharing the title. The grizzly is the heaviest of all meat-eatin- g animals. A lion or a tiger, contrary to the usual conception, is puny in contrast, weighing no more than a third as much as a big grizzly, writes Ding Darling in the Indianapolis News. When the Lewis and Clark expedition went up the Missouri river at the beginning of the Eighteenth century they got into regions where the grizzly, or white bears, as they call them, were a real menace. A flintlock was a poor weapon with which to face half a ton of grizzly that had never learned respect for man and knew no rival. Before the United States came into possession of California, the Spanish ranchers used to rope grizzly bears and make them fight wild range bulls in log pens. One time a grizzly was matched with a tiger on a barge in San Francisco bay and killed the tiger in a few seconds. Grizzly bears fight among themselves. It is believed that the mortality among young bears which are killed by the older ones is a considerable item in reducing the bear population. In Alaska, on Admiralty island, the United States government has a large preserve to save from extinction the brown bear. There are silver-tip-s (the frontier name for the grizzly) in remote mountain wilderness country of the Northwest and a number in Yellowstone National park. muzzle-loadin- SUGAR HOUSE TRANSFER Furniture Moving; . in Closed Vans with Personal Attention e Hy. 1220 g Nature's Piano Tinkles in Deep Jamaica Caves A "piano" tinkles deep in the Dry Harbor caves on the North shore of Jamaica, writes a Kingston, Jamaica, B. W. I., correspondent in the Philadelphia Inquirer. This piano" is a series of stalactites which, when struck, give out notes resembling those of tubular bells". The caves are at Hopewell, between Runaway bay and Dry Harbor. They resemble closely the Roman catacombs or an early Gothic crypt and are also famous for their picturesque mineral incrustations. Shimmering shafts of light from above cut through the weird darkness, and .here1 and there the roots of the ficus hang down and crawl along the floor. Dry Harbor is 13 miles west of St. Anns bay. It was here on May 4, 1494, that Columbus landed and took formal possession for Spain. The town received its name because no fresh waters or wells were there at the time. Runaway bay is so called because it was here that the last of the Spaniards left the island after .surrendering to the conquering English. 'r , -- Eternal Lamp to Alans Memory In many parts of England, Wales and Scotland there are small gifts to the local poor, distributed through money left by some charitable gentleman. In many cases the idea was to prevent the gentleman's name from being forgotten. In Venice, however, there is a unique monument, says London Answers Magazine. In 1507 Pietro Tas-ca-l, n a Venetian, who was a baker by trade, was accused of killing a very close friend. He was convicted and executed. Soon after the execution certain facts came to light which clearly indicated that the dead man had in no way been connected with the murder. When it became public there were many riots and, to soothe the public, the authorities ordered an Eternal Lamp in his memory, to be placed in front of a Madonna. well-know- DIESEL MOTORS CAN BE USED IN PLANES Army Makes Strides in Use Of Cheap Fuel. OKLA. TULSA, Rapid develop- ment and improvement of Diesel engines, which during the last two years have taken over many of the power jobs formerly held exclusively by steam or gasoline motors, was shown at the International Petroleum exposition here. Diesels have become more versatile because methods have been found for paring down their weight and for removing the highly objectionable smoke and fumes which formerly presented a major problem. At one time Diesels weighed too much and smelled too strongly to be used in automobiles or airplanes. Today, hundreds of pounds lighter and free of fumes, they are coming into wider use. Aero Diesels probably are the latest development in the field. Relatively free from fire hazards, the rotary type engines are considerably more economical than gasoline engines of eimilar power. One airplane engine, after a experimental period, is now being manufactured under governmental limitations for use by the army and r.avy. The engine is rated at 320 horsepower, delivering one horsepower for each 1.94 pounds of weight. It weighs only 620 pounds, suitable for airplanes, and will run twice as long on the same amount of fuel as a gasoline engine of equal power and weight. Diesels bum a cheap fuel oil, making the cost approximately the price of gasoline. Diesel engines are less complicated than gasoline motors. No ignition system batteries, spark plugs, wiring, etc., is used. -- 10-ye- ar one-four- th ; Audubon Group Warns of Extinction of Spoonbills' Roseate BEAUMONT, TEXAS spoonbills, a species of wading birds which is fast disappearing from the Southern coast, is threatened with extinction on Vingtune island, acexperts. cording to wild-lif- e Game Warden Tom Fridell, employed by the Audubon society to safeguard the Galveston bay sanctuary, blames commercial shell dredging operations for destruction of the spoonbills. Fridell believes that noise of the dredging has so alarmed the spoonbill population that he fears the Adult birds will kill or abandon their young. Sportsmen have protested to the Texas game, fish and oystet commission, seeking to halt the dredging operations in the vicinity of the . sanctuary. J. W. Haiser of Houston warned that the spoonbill colony in Florida has had a bad season and did not reproduce well. WASHINGTON. Wildlife sanctu- aries in the United States have been doubled in extent during the nearly Children Bom at Sea last two years, the interior departWhen a child is born on a steamer ment reports, and now total 7,951,937 in the middle of the ocean it takes acres. the nationality of its parents. The Another 4,064,104 acres have been flag of the vessel does not make set aside in Alaska, bringing the any difference. If the ship were grand total to approximately in territorial waters, and not on the acres. high seas, that might make a difThe 1,968,000-acr- e Desert Game 12,-000,- Adaptability Led to Use of Gold and Silver Coins The selection of gold and silver for the principal monetary purposes was du? to their adaptability, says the Indianapolis News. In addition to their being desirable, they pos- sess the following qualities demonstrated to be requisite to a just and equitable medium of value: Relative (containing portability scarcity, in a small bulk), duraLONDON. A nonmagnetic ship, large values uniformity), built without iron or steel, is being bility. homogeneity (or divisibility (capable of being divided constructed for the British admiralinto small parts and again united ty on the River Dart in Devonshire. without appreciable loss). Designed for magnetic survey work, of the metals as money use The is to cost vessel estimated the nearly by weight proved a cumbersome $500,000. a coining device was The new survey ship will be process, and the Greeks introduced, probably named Research and will take the about 900 B. C. Theby bank check jflace of the American vessel Car- came into use as a means of saving negie, destroyed by an explosion off the transfer of coined money. The Samoa in 1925, after 25 years servbank note is an evolution of these ice in the study of magnetic variaforms, being a promise of preceding tions. bank to pay the specified amount the A Winnipeg attorEDMONTON. on demand. The Bank of Sweden a trip through from ney returning credited with having first issued the wilds of northwestern Canada, is form of money in 1658. this told of seeing an Eskimo baby tradThe scarcity of gold and silver, ed for a tent wjorth $49. the need of bills of exchange and of Attorney John A. Macauley said a money more convenient to carry, ha witnessed the transaction at and the issuance of government Great Bear Lake. . credits forced on bankrupt nations "The baby was purchased by an brought about the use of paper monIndian family, most of whose chilColonial in countries. European dren had died, he said. The little ey America early adopted this medium Eskimo seemed to be thriving on a of exchange from the English. diet of powdered milk, and its Paper money in America first was seemed extremely issued by Massachusetts in 1690. fond of it." The object was not to sqpply any ference. If a child were bom to immigrant parents on a ship bound for New York just after it had entered the three-mil- e limit, it would probably take a. ruling of the immigration service to settle the question of nationality. Coal Gas, Carbon Alonoxide Normally, coal gas is harmless. Only when it contains carbon monoxide is it deadly. It forms whdn coal bums with too little air, such as when furnaces have been banked at night, drafts tightly closed. Odorless, carbon monoxide warns only by increasing a victims pulse, making his breath more rapid. But it confuses the mind, makes these symptoms unrecognizable. Artificial respiration is the first cure. Merely opening the windows is seldom sufficient. Founding of West Point The United States Military academy at West Point was opened, or founded, by virtue of a resolution passed by the Continental congress on October 1, 1776, calling for the preparation of a plan for a military academy for the army." On June 20, 1777, orders were 'given for the organization of a corps, which, however, did not move to West Point until 1781. The academy was not formally opened as a school until July, 1802. range in Nevada and the 1,033,647-acr- e Fort Peck Game range in Montana are the two largest feeding and breeding grounds for wild animals created since 1936. An antelope refuge of 273,000 acres in the Hart mountain region of Oregon also was established. Scattered from corner to comer of the country, 30 migratory bird and waterfowl refuges were created, the largest of which Is the Sabine refuge in Louisiana, containing 143,110 acres. Prize Cornfields Nursed For Fall Husking Event SIOUX FALLS, S. D. Preparations to insure a fast field for one of the nations biggest sporting events the national com husking contest are under' way here. The event isnt scheduled until the first week in November, but officials already have had four fields seeded with select hybrid corn. In which field the contest will be staged depends on the weather. One of the fields is on high ground, another on low, and the two remain, ing have normal drainage. Officials are furnishing the farmers with fertilizer sod suitable equipment. Com in each of the fields will be inspected throughout the summer until huskers start banging their way down the rows in -- 1 |