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Show THE BULLETIN Transmitting Speech by Wire Was Great Problem The electric speaking telephone wns Invented by Alexander Graham Hell in 1875. The principle, ns conceived by Hell at tlmt time, wns embodied In a pair of crude telephone Instruments connected by about 100 feet of wire, by means of which speech sounds were transmitted from one room to another in a building In Roston, hearing being accomplished only with the greatest difficulty. For many years before Hell's Invention, writes a correspondent In the In- dianapolis News, scientists and Inventors had been striving to transmit speech electrically. They succeeded In transmitting musical sounds, but because they were dealing with electrical current, they failed to transmit intelligible speech. The work of a German named Philipp Reis, one of the early experimenters iwith a make-anbreak" current, was subsequently brought forward In an upon the vnlidlty of Bell's patent, but the United States Circuit court make-and-hren- tne legendary Home ox The Four Sons of Ayrnon," heroes of the Middle uses, who rode or.e behind the other on the wonderful horse Bayard, gift of the fairy Orlando. Each whaling ship, says a writer in carried four lioot. When a whale was sighted these boats were let down into the water, each oue manned by a helmsman, four oarsmeu and a headsman. The helmsman carried sharp harpoons, to which lines were attached, and threw them Into is the St. Louis sharp-prowe- Polands Salt Mines For more than ten centuries miners toiled In the salt shafts near Cracow, the body of the whu.e. Poland, and being deeply religious, they spent their spare time In carving marvelous figures in salt A complete cathedral, containing giant chandeliers, beautiful statues of the saints, altars and other Biblical figures and objects, Is one example of the workers' skill. On feast days of modern times, mass Is held In the underground cathedral Among the statues Is that of the Virgin. In one part of the mine a giant statue and a beautiful hall appear, monuments to the devotion of the miners. Then began a great battle. The headsman attacked the whale with lances, but the maddened monster ofLen dragged the bout for many miles through the water. Often, too, he dived to the bottom, and the lines on the harpoons that held him paid out for thousands of feet Eventually, however, the whale had to come back to the surface to breathe, and then he was killed by a lance thrust In a vital spot Today most whalers are strongly built Iron ships, and the small boats are equipped with canuons to fire the harpoons Into the whule. A charge of blasting powder attached to the harpoon then kills the whale, which Is dragged back to the parent ship by a windlass. d at-:ta- ck i .said: A century of Reis would never have produced a speaking telephone by mere improvement In construction. . . . .Bell discovered a new art that of transmitting speech by electricity." In 1ST4 Bell and Elisha Gray were striving independently to Invent a musical or harmonic telegraph which .would enable several telegraph mes-- : sages to he transmitted simultaneously 'over a single wire, and It was during 'the course of this work that Bell made his invention of the telephone. ; ! Rome Erected Aqueduct for Mimic Sea Battles A special aqueduct had to be built ;to care for the ancient Romans' mimic sea lights, according to a booklet Issued by the Carnegie Institution, says a United Press correspondent When the Romans turned from chariot racing and gladiatorial contests to the new novelty of sea battles on inclosed lakes or flooded arenas, the .Aqua Alsietina was built to bring enough additional water to float the ships. Rival fleets were manned by criminals or prisoners of war. Frequently they fought until one side was exterminated amid the cheers of the bloodthirsty spectators. The Aqua Alsietina was the seventh of the eleven great aqueducts which were built by the Romans during the five centuries that they ruled the ancient world. The first was started 312 years before Christ and the last completed about 220 A. D. Visitors in Italy drive along the Applan Way for miles Just outside Rome and see the ruins of the Aqua Appla, first Roman attempt to bring water to their city. It was modeled after underground sewers which had been discovered by the Romans some years earlier. The Virgins Aqueduct" was built in 1!) B. CL to bring In needed waters .for the expanding public baths which the Romans favored. These baths :were much like a combination Of present day Y. M. C. A. clubrooms rather ;than strictly bathing rooms. The Valley of the Meuse One of the loveliest regions or .France Is near Mezieres, the capital of the Ardennes, founded In the Ninth .century. Beyond the town lies a series 'of beautiful gorges with the river flowing 200 and 300 meters below the level of the plntcnu. Every valley, every rocky crag is tilled with luxuriant vegetation and the dark red and gray cliiTs of several hundred feet often approach too close to each other to allow a fmtoath on Its banks. The district ; Sleep Through Winter In autumn the badger will carry large quantities of dry grass and bracken Into his deep underground home, and when the ground Is in the grip of frost he la rolled up in his cozy bed. Nothing but warmth will awaken him, and If there Is a winter of unbroken frost he will sleep through It alL The little dormouse of the hedgerows hibernates even more deeply for, no matter what the weather is like outside, his sleep lasts from November to the first warm days of s March. Magazine. Few Natural Annoyances We have few, If any, natural annoyances. Likes and dislikes are apparently all due to education, unless perhaps a few food preferences or aver siuns, notes a writer In the Detroit News. People reared with snakes and bedbugs like snakes and bedbugs. This fact goes to the bottom of race prejudices. We like the race we are reared with, whether it be our own race or some other. If people only understood this it would do away with a vast lot of foolish prejudices, especially those of race and social differences. We may not be able altogether to overcome our education, but we can begin to educate ourselves Into a new toleration at any time of life. TIt-Elt- Tobacco Quality Tobacco quality Is related directly to the nitrogen content of the soil In which the weed" is grown, the United States Bureau of Plant Industry has determined. The soil's nitrogen content must be high for quality cigars and low for quality cigarettes. Maryland tobacco, It was found, Is lower In nicotine content than tobaccos produced In other states. Looking at Kings Cost Real Money in Old Days Warm Winds Aloft 145 to 220 miles The above the earth, called the lonsphere, is fairly constant In temperature, and Is disturbed by warm winds having a temperature of 390 degrees Kelvin, or about 80 degrees Fahrenheit, It was reported to the Physical Review, by Dr. E. O. Uulburt of the Naval Research laboratory. The lonsphere winds blow In all directions from the polut directly beneath the sun, and their paths are similar to those of streams of a liquid poured on a rotating sphere. Literary Digest. air-lay- er There is hnrilly any limit to the priees people will give for seats at any royal show, especially a corona tion or a marriage, declares a writer in Magazine. Looking at old records we find tlmt people paid a crokard" for a sent at the coronation of Henry I. and a pel lard at that of Henry 11. At the coronation of King John the price was a suskyn," but since the value o' these coins Is doubtful we are not mucli the wiser. We get to a figure more understand able when we learn that In Richard IPs reign the price for any royal show was-penny. In Henry Vs time it had risen to twojionce, but these were sil ver pennies worth nearly a shilling in our money. All through the ages tin price rose. To see the coronation m a wedding of Henry VIII, the peoplt paid a groat (4d.), and when Charles I came to the throne seats were sold at a shilling each. To see the coronation of George I cost half a crown, and after that of seats Jumped rapidly; at the coronation of George III, front seats In the gallery at Westminster ahhe were let at ten guineas each. At the coronation of Queen Victoria and for her wedding procession the fronts ol houses facing the procession fetched 50 to 300. Tit-Bi- ts a tin-cos- Globe-Democra- d Sailors Away Four Years In the old days of the whaling Industry, the men who went to sea in search of these prized creatures of the deep were often gone from home as long as three or four years at a time. If Copyright by Public SVXU I.Jser, Service. e Inc. o Cutting Hair and Nails It la still a popular superstition in many country districts that it Is unlucky to cut your hair and nails before-thmuon Is past full e Skating Old Sport There are references to skating In the old Norse legends of Iceland, and In many of the early books of continental Europe. In England la century, skates were made from the brisket bone of an ox and fastened by pieces of leather to the soles of the wearer's boots. Thrusting-stick Into the Ice helped the sk:er move forward. An Iron runner In a wooden frame was first used in the Fourteenth century, and this gradually-developeInto the steel skates. tbe-Twelf- th Fir God'i Shrin Found Linked with the civilization centered in Egypt and the Mediterranean 4.UUO d years ago relics of ancient worshipers have been discovered In th Isle of Man. Here Prof. IL J. Fleure of Manchester university has excavated a great stone monument which has no equal west of Malta. Beside it. have been found fragments of pottery which enable Its approximate date to-bfixed as about 2000 B. CL sun-go- e PoVQl Know Ban on Soothsaying Soothsaying, for tne purpose of earning money, as well as all printed matter dealing with soothsaying is prohibited by the Saxon government Thi. ban includes the making of horoscope Interpretations of dreams, and all astrological activities. First Negroes in New World e The first ship of negroes brought N?v world came in u Portuguese boat to Santo Domingo in 1503. The first shipment of slaves to the United. States was on a Dutch ship in 1019. . The Portuguese monopolized the slave traffic for iibout a half century. Spain , entered the slave trade about 1517,. Ing and about 155:5 und France in 1U24., to-th- t Old Whaling Trips Kept The line of the nose and the part' of the hair have much to do with making a faeo look oval or round. your nose is broad nnl the space between the eyes wide, lie sure to part your hair mi the side. A center part will only emphasize breadth, unking-th. face look luuau. That the origin of April Fool's Day is unknown, but the custom has long prevailed in many countries. In Scotland the victim of the trick is called a gowk" and in France poisson dAvril or April Fish. Ur .e ArWopipt. tyidietu. W SI farvlre Ship ship was a ship which liad received a license or extraordinary commission granted hy a goverunier.t to a private person to fit out . an armpd vessel to cruise a? a privateer or corsair at sea and make prize, of the enemy's ships and merchandise.. Under such a commission the acts so, commuted were not considered piracy. Letter-of-Marqu- A lettar-of-marqu- e e |