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Show THE CITIZEN 3 Mexico During the Development of Utahs Mineral Wealth After and Conquest Salt Lake Stock & Mining. Exchange . EFFECTS OF FOREIGN PENETRATION. A TURBULENT DEPENDENCE. BENITO JUAREZ. MEXICO HER PROBLEM. TO-DA- Y. gone, all QUAUHTEMOTZIN the yoke of Spain, and for three hundred years! History has been written of the conquest, volumes on end, but little interpreting has been done. Without unerring interpretation, history becomes quite useless. took three courses: spiritual, economic and ra- - Foreign IN- penetration religions the Indians had brought with them from the Orient soon gave way to Roman Catholicism How completely they were converted to the new faith may be gleaned from this account by Father Sahaguan: We took the children of the caciques into our schools, where we taught them to read, write and chant. The children of the poorer natives were assembled in the patios and there instructed in the Christian faith. After our teaching, one or two brethren would take the pupils to some neighboring teocali, and, by laboring on it for a few days, level it to the ground. The with instances of unswerving loyalty to the Indian of individual priests. The population came to be divided into three major castes: gachupines (Spaniards bom in Spain), creoles (Spaniards bom in Mexico), and mestizos and Indians. Gachupines held all the high state, army and church offices. To be bom in Mexico was indeed a brand of inferiority. Creoles were even prevented from competing with new immigrants in trade and industry. Of the creole the said: The father a trader, the son a gentleman, and the grandson a beggar. Nor was the Indian without his impression: God made Indian; God made white man, but Devil made mestizo. Adopting western standards of living, the mestizos took rank in the social Scale, a notch above the Indian, whom the conquest pushed to the very bottom of the ladder. ga-chupi- ne Independence Looms. At dawn one Sabbath mom, in eighteen ten, the bells of the little Slllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllllllllllltllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll'j EL GRITO DE DOLORES My Children: This day comes to us a new dispensation. Are you ready to receve it? Will you be free? Will you make the effort to recover from the hated Spaniards the lands stolen from your forefathers three hundred years ago? Today we must act Im f Royal Government. Viceroys, appointed by the King, governed Mexico during the conquest. Lands were parcelled out among the crowns favorites, in grants so vast that often several Indian villages were included in one grant. The owner of a grant virtually owned the Indians within it, and by him they were assigned to work in field and mine. Their economic independence gone, too, the Indians in time drifted into state of peonage, or serfdom, comparable to that of the negro slaves in our own South, with none of its redeeming features. Again, Spanish men married. Indian women. Thus, a mixed, or mestizo, race came into being that today forms the greater part of the population. So enervating was the tutelage forced upon the Indians that even high prelates of the church protested to the crown. Whatever may be said of the part the church played in this ignoble conquest, history is replete jiailllllltlllllllllllllllBIIIIIIIIINaMIMIIIBIIlKBIIlIiaimilMBIIBI1 I 1 I Lawyer, Doctor, Merchant or encaged in some other pursuit you will find "Everything for Your Office at KELLY COMPANY Wu Woe 4180 4181 - I non-ferro- us non-ferro- iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiif! In this way they demolished in a short time all the Aztec temples, great and small, so that not a vestige of them remained. 5, $16,-000,0- 00; $3,-000,0- 00; ut I HIDALGO. Then, there is the Little Cottonwood Reflects Increased Trading. District, which has produced splendidly in the past and is likely to proONE HUNDRED NINE different duce again; Gold Hill, West Tintic, stocks demand the attention of tradMarysvale, Silver Reef, Ophir, and ers on the Salt Lake Stock & Mining Beaver, Boxelder and Grand Coun- -. Exchange. In 1927, 17,446,025 shares ties, all good prospects. Iron and Coal. changed hands, valued at $6,084,-620.5a marked increase over 1918, Utah, it is believed, has iron ore with a turnover of 11,059,337 shares, amounting to a billion tons. The envalued at $2,174,449.04. The volume tire United States could be supplied of trading for the first six months of. with coal from Utah over a period of this year may be found to equal the a hundred years. After sixty-fiv- e total of all of last year. years of continuHere, then, is the barometer that ous activity, Utahs mines are proreflects the prosperity of Utahs min- ducing more today than at any time ing industry and the mining industry in their history, a record that is likeof tributary states. Here, too, is the ly to be maintained for many years indicator that points to the possibil- to come. ities of oil development in this intermetal Up to 1928, Utah mountain region, possibilities that mines produced in $1,532,277,411 command the respect of observing ores, from which $297,736,808 has been disbursed in dividends. geologists. Does mining pay in Utah? In that First in Silver. Utah has become the Silver State. period, $1,234,540,603 was spent alShe ranks first among the states of most entirely within the state for lathe Union in the production of this bor, supplies, transportation, ore white metal. In 1927 the output was treatment, taxes and the like. With18,800,000 ounces, or 33.05 per cent out mining, Utah would not be the state she is today. of the total for the United States. In .the same period, the Park Utah In copper and lead Utah ranks second; in zinc, fourth, and in gold, sixth. Consolidated and its subsidiaries alone Of copper she produced in 1927 15.48 paid over $35,000,000 in dividends; per cent of the countrys total; of Silver King Coalition, $21,000,000; lead, 22.42 per cent; zinc, 6.69 per Tintic Standard and subsidiaries, Daly, $3,000,000; Chief Concent, and gold, 8.85 per cent. Utah has the worlds largest open-c- solidated, $3,500,000; Mammoth, Cardiff, $2,750,000; Bingham copper mine, the largest silver mine in the United States, the largest Mines, $1,250,000. A Humble Beginning. smelting industry in the Salt Lake Stock and Mining Exworld, iron and coal deposits of stag1888. It gering proportions, and enormous de- change was established in since. posits of oil shale and hydrocarbons. has operated continuously (Continued on Page 9.) Within a 600-miradius of Salt Lake City, in the past twenty years, was produced 79.87 per cent of all Americas gold, 91.9 per cent of her silver, 53.61 per cent of her lead, 77.47 per cent of her copper, and 26.55 per cent of her zinc. Soldier Prospectors. Until 1862 Utahs mineral wealth was an unimportant factor. Mining metof coal, iron and the als had been carried on only for the purpose of serving local needs. Then came General Connor, founder of Fort Douglas. He encouraged his soldiers to prospect. Indians and trappers Distinctive Work church at Dolores, in Guanajuato, pealed earlier than usual. An aged creole priest spoke to his flock, urging them to revolt. There were shouts of We will. Live, then, and follow your curate, who has ever watched over your welfare, rejoined Hidalgo. El Grito de Dolores that was the cry of the revolution that eventually brought about the independence of Mexico. us le SEND IT TO THE LAUNDRY non-ferro- us Hidalgo was more sage than soldier. From a military standpoint, his plans were not well executed. The end became soon inevitable, and the end in such circumstances in Mexico is likely to be, as it proved here, the firing squad. Morelos, his disciple and successor, a mestizo priest, fared as badly, although he had soldierly qualities. Napoleon held Spain in leash, and Monroe heralded his doctrine that of Spanish sounded the death-kne- ll rule in this hemisphere. The revolution begun by Hidalgo and carried on by Morelos was destined to be crowned with success. In eighteen twenty-fiv- e the last of Spains forces withdrew, and Mexico became an independent republic. Independence, however, has been independence in name only. years During the first twenty-fiv- e turbulence ruled, and bloodshed, with the irrepressible Santa Ana ever play-continu- on Page 14.) ed laundry brought information that led the soldiers through the canyons and up the mountains, stumbling over dully-glisteni- ng galena-boulder- s. Mineral outcroppings in the Bingham District soon revealed the treasures there in store. First gold, then silver-leaand now a copper camp of the first magnitude. Tintic forged to the front. Think of a carload of ore fetching $100,000 in the market, ore so rich in native silver that in sampling it gummed the rolls. Rector Steen made the first strike in the Park City District. In 1872, while idly swinging his prospectors hammer, Steen unwittingly knocked off a piece of precious galena. Here now lies the largest silver producer of any single mine in the United States. Hyland 190 d, Fish and Feel Fit The Season is Now Open don't Forget your FISHING TACKLE at IaSEEi WHATjypUiS 6 State St. 224-22- |