OCR Text |
Show i I. 9 THE CITIZEN 12 mated" cartoonist: Yes, thats the answer. part of the picture its scrims and characters and incidents must be done by the same hand. Details of action, however such as movements of a mans legs in running are supplied by the cartoonists assistants, called animators. Formerly the entire figure, and also the scene represented, was cop'ed along with each change of detail with apparent necessity, for how else would a complete negative result? Not long ago, however, the immense labor was obviated by the celluloid sheet, invention of the which is sufficiently transparent to enable through it photographing changing details of a figure. Thus, if chances are that ho would answer through a sequence of a score or more of drawings there is movement only of the character's head, or arm or leg, the animators have only to redraw the part that move, the main part of the figure and the whole set remaining under the camera lens on the ' HOW ANIMATED CARTOONS ARE . MADE. I i I i i ! How (o they make those funy animated cartoons you see in the movies The question is often asked, but very little in the way of explanation has found its way into print. What an enormous' number of drawings must be made, so many of them appacntly identical, yet necessarily d'fferent in some detail in order to produce- - the effect of life and movement in the figures? That extraordi nary patience on the part of the aniWhen you were a child, and your Sunday school teacher put the question: Who was the most patient man? sure of your Nowaground, you answered Job. days, if you should put that question to an animated cartoonist, the promptly, I am. You cant get any more out of i transparent sheet. ani- mated cartoons than you put into them, declares Bert Green, a recognized master of the art, who animates maps and charts and otherwise dry statistical tables and diaThe job degrams in Patlie News. mands the patience of Job. But the job is important enough for Bathe News to maintain a complete mechanical plant for turning out this special apparatus with the motion picture camera standing on its head and shooting straight down at the separate drawings one click of the shutter when the operator touches the electrical button controlling the mechanism. Job part of the job. Remove the photographed drawing substitute the next one press the button and do this several times to make a picture that will run on the screen for eight or ten minutes! And these JcLs lots are s eadilv increasing in the nioto.i picture industry. In the eight or lev. yoais since Windsor Mcivay completed a sereis of some 100,000 separate drawings and moved them in procession before the lens of a motion picture camera to illuminate upon the screen an amazing day in the life of Gertie, the dinosaur, the cieatons of most of the celebrated comic artists have been subjected to the same treatment. "Animated cartoons have become to the screen what comic strips are to the daily and Sunday papers, and they are the product of the same type of picture genius. There is a sufficient reason for this This is another i 1 i !i r V i I i 'i 3 growing popularity of animated cartoons. The principle involved is fundamentally sound. Whatever the artist Is able to create with liis pen appears on the scren in all its original perfection, with the tremendous added effect of apparent life and motion. Transference to film being almost entirely mechanical, that part of the process is mathematically accurate. The Bristol board actors are not temperamental; they always are at their best. The making of an animated cartoon has remained practically a one man job. All that enters into the creative This device, of course, demands that all the detail drawings register perfectly with the outlines of the fixed main scene and figures on the celluloid sheet but that is a simple matter of mechanical efficiency at the animators drawing board. Cut of the art of making animated cartoons have developed many devices and "camera tricks that are exceedingly effective, especially in a decorative way. You see a pen with no hand guiding it writing words across the screen, or drawing a. picture; you see a monkey frisking across the screen and leaving in the trail of his long tail the autograph signature of the author as in the main title of Raul Terrys "Aesops Film Fables; you see many other occurrences, seemingly miraculous most of which accompanied the development of this screen specialty whose chief ingredient is the patience of Job. so-calle- d SPEEDING UP THE MAILS. For the purpose of awakening the publ'c to the loss through carelessness in addressing and posting mail matter, to educate the public in the problems with which the postoffice department has to contend, and to inform us of the work of the department which lie heads, Postmaster General Will H. Hays has written an interesting and valuable article for the Nations Business. Postmaster-Genera- l Hays points out that the nations business depends, more than on any other one thing, on the postal seiice, and declares that the old adage, which business men have used in their individual business enterprises, a business is no stronger than its weakest link, is as applicable to the postal department as to any other business. Often that link is its personnel, states Mr. Hays. That has of late been the weak link in the postal scr-ieIf wc can improve the spirit and actual conditions of the f.OO.OOO men and women who do this job, that in itself is an accomplishment, and it is just as certain to bring a consequen e. tial improvement In the service as to- morrows sun. When we took hold of the administration of the postoffice, it seemed to me that the field in which the great-es- t progress could be made in the shortest time was in improving the morale of the service. To this end, a welfare department, which the postmaster explains, has been inaugurated by the government. All the things that are done for the welfare of the employes in other businesses will be done as far as possible in this department of the government service, for as the postmaster-genera- l says, Uncle Sam must be just as good a boss as any private employer, and the postal establishment must be an institution for service, and not an institution for profit or for politics. Some of the problems that have been studied and dealt with by Hays include: The parcel post problem, which is under investigation for the purpose of determining the best and inexpensive manner of handling the articles that are delivered by this means; the special delivery service, which has adopted the space basis system; the problem of quick delivery, which lias again brought in the pneumatic tubes into consideration; the problem of shipping this form of mailing matter by regular mail trains, instead of by freight, has been adopted, for the purpose of speeding up delivery; and the problem of finding means for economizing in expenditures. The general work of economizing in expenditures is progressing, and we are going to save over $15,000,000 from the estimate of the present year, without any curtailing of the service, declares the postmaster-generaPost-masteij-Gene- l. casion and the size of the Shiny fabrics with their high rough fuzy surfaces, and printed terials of large or definite design parently add size! Dull smooth l'aces, indistinct stripes, and cloths which fall in soft loldg must heerfi hum? . slenderizing. Most deceiving is the silho created by a costume, for the line of the dress is noticed he! other points. The long unbroken side line increases apparent he; Lines for the short woman should long. Skirts should be full enoug the bottom to avoid accenting the of the hips. Sleeves should be 4 fitting or with small cuffs to inn length. Flares, ruffles , puffs, jackets, and tunics which stand from the body will apparently o! r a F eartl ugbt ling irses, o. th its im Lr rat r,es d: the shed ologis from the height of the tall woman cause of the irregularity given outer line. Hats should be inspecj while standing as well as sitting, that they will be in proportion to rest of the silhouette. Too small hat makes the body seem large comparison, and too large a hat seem to weight one down. Especi should the stout woman avoid all which will seem to enlarge her proportion. It is well to remember that any of lines which carries the attenis up and down the body creates an sion of height. Centering the ait tion to a narrow panel from hen neck gives the greatest effect, any set of lines which carr es the tention from side to side creates illusion of breadth. The thin w with narow hips and shoulders, face and neck, will use these to antage with such variations ns bject, L jin S lew iters hav inks, ochs. 8 ?1 lestio ainta my iat tl ira c the ough be le led cut t! ing La nd t he d tuc! scallops, ruffles, etc., running Color, I !a!t honzG fries tally. THE IMPORTANCE OF CORRECT DRESS rve, ieen too, declares Miss 0X' reas: enters into the worthy conspiracy Colors ke making the man. yellows, reds, pinks and oranges said to advance. They throw figure into sharp relief against usual backgrounds and because it evie1 1 Clothes may not make the man or the woman, but they go a long way toward marking his or her place in society, and the creation of clothes upon the individual is a psychological fact. A feeling of comfort in our clothes and knowledge that we have made the most of our good points give so poise and greater the wish to be well dressed in a worthy one. Lila M orris OSeale of the Household Art Department of the Oregon Agricultural College, in an interesting article on You and Your Clothes, gives the following excellent suggestions to those who would be correctly self-confidenc- e, diessed, in the Portland Spectator. Most important is a careful study of ones figure when new clothes are the order of the day. Narrow, thin shoulders look better with or kimona-sleevewaists if the material does not cling. Thicker sliou-der- s are apparently made less thick by short shoulder seams and set-isleeves. Long waists and short limbs may be better balanced by raising the waist line. Flat chests need soft folds, gathers at the neck line, loose collars, or draped ejects. Texture, too, involves fitness to oc deep-arms-ey- o d n hBi earc Itself a hat comes conspicuous it seems large! Colors like air, sky and water, with blue predominating, are "if-ing colors. These melt into the ground and the figure sems to heir t! smaller because of the lack of hy then subti eieni enui cfl trast with the background. man disa The chosen color should be in mony with the coloring of the ing d:y eyes and complexion, which are ural harmony with each other. Dl tints make ones own coloring s darker by contrast; dark shades to absorb the color in face and in ns ine prei ree making it paler. For this reason, light colar on a. dress or suit, lighter hat facing is almost o ways aid to ones appearance. Estreat-saloor very dark, florid coniple301 are emphasized by pale co'ors them. Transparent colors of organ lawn, georgette crepe, are plpas" transitions in such cases. 1 ture dep 1 s Xes nie tak cf len a:y Pci wh It Is reported from Coalville ly drilling operations by the Empire Petroleum corporation arer gressing in a satisfactory manner. ag ta |